scholarly journals Compressed stabilized earth block: environmentally sustainable alternative for villages housing

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa Hussein Hussein Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Earth Block

AbstractConstruction materials contribute to environmental pollution and the impoverishment of natural raw materials. The villages of Upper Egypt were exposed to high thermal loads owing to their geographical location. Moreover, the current building materials do not comply with the principles of sustainability and environmental adaptation of the residents of these buildings. Therefore, attaining admission to one sustainable building material in Upper Egypt and using it as an environmentally compatible, inexpensive, accessible, and easy building material for the users of these blocks is essential. In this study, the author selected various sites in Upper Egypt, analyzed climate and urban data, and after that, suggested prototypes with many variables and measured using the DesignBuilder V5 computer simulation program to select an optimal building type. Reached that can be saved energy about 40:50% and decreased annual discomfort hours more than 50%, finally, discussed with community members by a questionnaire on societal acceptance. The research concluded that building with compressed stabilized earth block is an environmentally sustainable solution applied in residential areas in the villages of Upper Egypt to reduce deficiencies in environmental adaptation.

scholarly journals Bio-based construction materials for a sustainable future

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijk Block ◽  
Barbara Kuit ◽  
Torsten Schröder ◽  
Patrick Teuffel
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Primary Materials

<p>The structural engineering community has a strong responsibility to contribute to a more efficient use of natural resources. Nowadays the construction industry is by far the most resource intense industry sector, approximately 40-50% of all primary raw materials are used, which raises the question about the architects and engineer’s accountability. In this context and as a result of the Paris Climate agreement the Dutch government defined the program “Nederland Circulair in 2050”, which states the ambition to use 50% less primary materials in 2030 and to have a full circular economy in 2050.</p><p>One possible approach to achieve these ambitious goals is the application of renewable, bio-based materials in the built environment and to replace traditional, typically cement-based, materials. Already in the past natural building materials, such as timber and bamboo have been used widely, but in recent years new materials came up and provide new opportunities to be used in the construction industry. The authors explored various alternatives, such as hemp and flax fibres, mycelium and lignin-based fibres for composite materials, which will be described with various experimental and realised case studies.</p>

The Interpretation and Inheritance of Green Local Building Material System in Modern Architecture - Case Study of Century Fishing Village Eelgrass Cottage Resort in Dayu Island, Shidao Bay, Jiaodong Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Ying Ding ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Material System ◽  
Fishing Village ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
New Buildings

Dayu island sea cottage is the most typical carrier of the fish culture in the coastal area of Jiaodong. In recent years, economic development, changes in fishermen's living habits led to a the dismantling of a large number of traditional sea cottages and gradual disappearing of unique Dayu island building materials system comprising of eelgrass roof, local granite stone wall and soil kang chimney. In order to protect the local cultural characteristics so they can be passed down, the paper sorted out the original traditional eelgrass cottage building material system. The project of Century Fishing Village Eelgrass Cottage Resort represents experimentation and innovation on the original material system, forming a novel construction material system. Such a system not only satisfies the requirement of new buildings on thermal insulation, energy and space conservation, but also enhances safety and resistance to wind, erosion. The wide adoption of the new material system in new buildings enhances the technique of integrating traditional construction materials and modern architecture in both form and function, making it an ideal design strategy.

THE SELECTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS TO IMPROVE THE COMFORT AND ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF CITY HOUSING

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Yur'evna ZHIGULINA ◽  
Natalya Genrikhovna CHUMACHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to problems of creation of comfortable microclimate. Identifi es sources of pollution, completed their evaluation. Special att ention is paid to the selection of environmentally friendly building materials. In the production of building materials where toxic components can be industrial waste, replacing natural raw materials and chemical additives regulating the properties. In the operation of many building materials, especially those based on polymers, it is necessary to control the release of toxic substances resulting from degradation. For the assessment of comfort and environmental safety of housing is offered to create «Passports of residential buildings», which should be provided with information about construction materials used to evaluate this parameter, environmental home safety, including chemical safety as its component.

Green gold of Africa – Can growing native bamboo in Ethiopia become a commercially viable business?

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (05) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Böck
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Increasing Demand

With concerns about climate change and the search for sustainable construction materials, significant attention is now being paid to Africa's natural resources. Ethiopia, known as Africa's political capital, has a rapidly expanding economy with increasing demand for new construction materials. Through public private partnerships projects the country is developing a sustainable business model to promote bamboo as a raw material. The subtropical zone of Ethiopia is home to approximately 65% of Africa's bamboo resources, an area of over 1 million hectares. Bamboo is potentially an ideal source of local, sustainable purpose-engineered building materials for growing cities not only in Ethiopia but across Africa. Production of conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete is expensive, highly energy intensive and unsustainable, requiring large quantities of water and is strongly dependent on imported raw materials. Bamboo is a renewable building material widely cultivated in Ethiopia but not yet utilized in modern construction. Structural Bamboo Products (SBP), similar to engineered wood products, have excellent potential to partially replace the use of more energy-intensive materials. Projects such as African Bamboo are taking steps in managing, cultivating and using Ethiopian bamboo species to help mitigate rapid deforestation in East Africa by creating alternative “wood” sources and sustainable business opportunities.

Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Lightweight Bricks Using Foaming Agent - A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Development

Bricks are widely used as a construction and building material due to its properties. Recent years have seen a great development in new types of inorganic cementitious binders called ‘‘geopolymeric cement’’ around the world. This prompted its use in bricks, which improves the greenness of ordinary bricks. The development of fly ash-based geopolymer lightweight bricks is relatively new in the field of construction materials. This paper reviews the uses of fly ash as a raw materials and addition of foaming agent to the geopolymeric mixture to produce lightweight bricks. The effects on their physical and mechanical properties have been discussed. Most manufactured bricks with incorporation of foaming agent have shown positive effects by producing lightweight bricks, increased porosity and improved the thermal conductivities of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks. However, less of performances in number of cases in terms of mechanical properties were also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Environmental and radiation assessment of construction materials in Tyumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Zakharova ◽  
Elena Viktorovna Gaevaya ◽  
Leonid Nikolaevich Skipin ◽  
Svetlana Sergeevna Tarasova ◽  
Vasilyа Zinnurovna Burlaenko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Natural Activity ◽  
Effective Activity

The current pace of construction leads to the use of large volumes of construction raw materials, which must meet the regulatory indicators, including radiation. High levels of natural radionuclide activity, both in construction and finishing materials, affect changes in the gamma radiation indicators in the premises, which can negatively affect the health of people living in such facilities. Ecological and radiation assessment of building materials for the content of natural radionuclides showed an increased natural activity of potassium-40. The maximum activity values were observed in samples of bricks and expanded clay, where they were 799,0 and 622,0 Bq/kg, respectively. The lowest specific activity of natural potassium was observed in the crushed stone sample (21,3 Bq/kg). The specific activity of thorium-232 in building materials ranged from 2,1 to 53,3 Bq/kg. The activity of radium-226 in all the studied samples ranged from 4,4 Bq/kg (crushed stone) to 55,6 Bq/kg (cement). The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in the studied building materials does not exceed the standard values (370 Bq/kg), therefore, they can be used in all types of construction and reconstruction.

scholarly journals Radiological and physico-chemical characterization of red mud as an Al-containing precursor in inorganic binders for the building industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kljajevic ◽  
Miljana Mirkovic ◽  
Sabina Dolenec ◽  
Katarina Ster ◽  
Mustafa Hadzalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Alkali Activated

The potential re-use of red mud in the building and construction industry has been the subject of research of many scientists. The presented research is a contribution to the potential solution of this environmental issue through the synthesis of potential construction materials based on red mud. A promising way of recycling these secondary raw materials is the synthesis of alkali-activated binders or alkali activated materials. Alkali-activated materials or inorganic binders based on red mud are a new class of materials obtained by activation of inorganic precursors mainly constituted by silica, alumina and low content of calcium oxide. Since red mud contains radioactive elements like 226Ra and 232Th, this may be a problem for its further utilization. The content of naturally occurring radionuclides in manufactured material products with potential application in the building and construction industry is important from the standpoint of radiation protection. Gamma radiation of the primordial radionuclides, 40K and members of the uranium and thorium series, increases the external gamma dose rate. However, more and more precedence is being given to limiting the radiological dose originating from building materials on the population these days. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible influence of alkali activation-polymerization processes on the natural radioactivity of alkali activated materials synthesized by red mud (BOKSIT a. d. Milici, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their structural properties. This research confirmed that during the polymerization process the natural radioactivity was reduced, and that the process of alkali activation of raw materials has an influence on natural radioactivity of synthesized materials.

Waste Clay as a Green Building Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 501-505
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Russell ◽  
Jana Buchter
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Compressed Earth Block ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Earth Block

Two of the primary waste components of the Phosphates benefaction process, sand and clay have been used as building materials for thousands of years. A process known as rammed earth has been used extensively around the world in buildings that have lasted for centuries. Because earth is the main ingredient in rammed earth it has recently enjoyed new popularity as a so called “green” building material. In a similar process earth is compressed into blocks which are then used in the same way as conventional masonry units to build walls. In the compressed earth block [CEB] method, individual units can be manufactured and stockpiled for later use rather than being fabricated on site as in the rammed earth process. This research project will investigate the potential use of waste clay and tailing sand from the phosphate benefaction process as the primary ingredients in compressed earth blocks for commercial and residential construction projects.

Study on Light Porous Unsintered Building Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 532-533 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Cong Cong Jiang ◽  
Gou Zhong Li ◽  
Qi Jin Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Broad Application

A light porous unsintered building material was prepared with red mud, fly ash, silica fume as the main raw materials, mixed with a certain amount of foam and curing agent, by the technology of casting and curing at ambient conditions. The influence of different ratio of red mud to fly ash on compressive strength was studied. The microstructure properties of light porous unsintered building material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then the strength mechanism was studied. The results showed that the optimum ratio of red mud to fly ash was 2:1, and for the best sample, its bulk density was 891kg•m-3, 7d and 28d compressive strength were 8.4MPa and 14.7MPa, thermal conductivity coefficient was 0.235W•(m•K)-1, which may have a broad application prospect in the building materials field.

scholarly journals Case Study: LCA Methodology Applied to Materials Management in a Brazilian Residential Construction Site

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
João de Lassio ◽  
Josué França ◽  
Kárida Espirito Santo ◽  
Assed Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Life Cycle Thinking ◽  
Lca Methodology

The construction industry is increasingly concerned with improving the social, economic, and environmental indicators of sustainability. More than ever, the growing demand for construction materials reflects increased consumption of raw materials and energy, particularly during the phases of extraction, processing, and transportation of materials. This work aims to help decision-makers and to promote life cycle thinking in the construction industry. For this purpose, the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was chosen to analyze the environmental impacts of building materials used in the construction of a residence project in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The LCA methodology, based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 guidelines, is applied with available databases and the SimaPro program. As a result, this work shows that there is a substantial waste of nonrenewable energy, increasing global warming and harm to human health in this type of construction. This study also points out that, for this type of Brazilian construction, ceramic materials account for a high percentage of the mass of a total building and are thus responsible for the majority of environmental impacts.

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