scholarly journals Geochemical response of deep geothermal processes in the Litang region, Western Sichuan

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-645
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Guiling Wang ◽  
Linxiao Xing ◽  
Tingxin Li ◽  
Jiayi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Calcite Dissolution ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Positive Correlations

The geochemical characteristics of geothermically heated water can reveal deep geothermal processes, leading to a better understanding of geothermal system genesis and providing guidance for improved development and utilization of such resources. Hydrochemical and hydrogen oxygen isotope analysis of two geothermal field (district) hot springs based on regional geothermal conditions revealed that the thermal water in the Litang region is primarily of the HCO3Na type. The positive correlations found between F−, Li2+, As+, and Cl− indicated a common origin, and the relatively high Na+ and metaboric acid concentrations suggested a relatively long groundwater recharge time and a slow flow rate. The values of δD and δ18O were well distributed along the local meteoric line, indicating a groundwater recharge essentially driven by precipitation. The thermal reservoir temperature (152°C–195°C) and thermal cycle depth (3156–4070 m) were calculated, and the cold water mixing ratio (60%–68%) was obtained using the silica-enthalpy model. Finally, hydrogeochemical pathway simulation was used to analyze the evolution of geothermal water in the region. The results were further supported by the high metasilicate content in the region. Of the geothermal fields in the region, it was found that the Kahui is primarily affected by albite, calcite precipitation, and silicate, while the Gezha field is primarily affected by calcite dissolution, dolomite precipitation, and silicate.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF THE TRANSIENT EM METHOD INTO THE GEOTHERMAL FIELD EXPLORATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Π. Κάρμης ◽  
Γ. Βαργεμέζης ◽  
Η. Παπαδόπουλος ◽  
Π. Τσούρλος
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Em Method ◽  
Time Domain Electromagnetic ◽  
Tem Method ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
First Time

In this work we examine the potential of the time-domain electromagnetic method (Transient EM) in the exploration of geothermal field and the study of the geological environment. The method was applied in the geothermal field of Aristino (Alexandroupolis), westwards of the Traianoupolis, where the known hot springs exist. The EM method and more specifically magnetotellurics (MT), it has been applied in the past in Greece by various researchers, but it is the first time the TEM method is applied for geothermal exploration purposes. As it has been shown by previous works, in the wider region of Aristino an important geothermal field is developed, with geothermal fluid temperature of 30°-90° and high content of dissolved salts of 10gr/lt. These factors result to the appearance of highly conductive geoelectrical anomalies which are directly related to the geothermal field. The existence of two drillholes in the region allowed the calibration and the control of the effectiveness of the TEM method. The geophysical survey has delimited the area of local geothermal interest that is formed by hot aquifer at a relatively shallow depth, extended North of Aristino and between the main faults of the region. The two main faults are responsible for the creation of a tectonic graben in the intermediary region and the development of a highly conductive formation which correlates well with the hot aquifer tank. The geothermal fluid circulates through the faulting system having high temperature caused by the contact with magmatic masses. The application of TEM proved the operational advantages of the method in the geothermal field exploration. The relatively limited number of TEM soundings presented here does not allow the export of safe conclusions regarding the geothermal field of the wider region, although the evaluation of results based on the geological and geoelectrical data of the region is extremely encouraging and justifies the use of the TEM method in the systematic study and mapping of geothermal fields.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characterization of GeothermalWater in Arjuno-Welirang, East Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Vanadia Martadiastuti ◽  
Agung Harijoko ◽  
I Wayan Warmada ◽  
Kotaro Yonezu
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
System Data ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Characterization

Arjuno-Welirang Volcanic Complex (AWVC) is one of geothermal fields whichlocated in East Java province, Indonesia. It belongs to a Quarternary volcanic arc and has potential for development of electricity. The field is situated in a steep volcanic terrain and there are only few geothermal manifestations, i.e., hot springs, fumaroles, solfataras, steaming ground and hydrothermal alteration. This study aims to classify the type and source of geothermal fluid and to estimate the reservoir condition of Arjuno- Welirang geothermal system. Data are obtained from collecting water samples including hot springs, cold springs, river waters and rain water, then they are analyzed using ICP-AES, titration and ion chromatography.All thermal waters have temperatures from 39.5–53°C and weakly acidic pH (5.2–6.5). Cangar and Padusanhot springs show bicarbonate water, formed by steam condensing or groundwater mixing. On the other hand, Songgoriti shows Cl-HCO3 type, formed by dilution of chloride fluid by either groundwater or bicarbonate water during lateral flow. All of the waters represent immature waters, indicating no strong outflow of neutral Cl-rich deep waters in AWVC. Cl/B ratios show that all water samples have a similar mixing ratio, showing they are from common fluid sources. However, Padusan and Songgoriti have higher Cl/B ratios than Cangar, suggesting that geothermal fluids possibly have reacted with sedimentary rocks before ascending to the surface. All waters were possibly mixed with shallow groundwater and they underwent rock-water reactions at depth before ascending to the surface. An estimated temperatures reservoir calculated using CO2 geothermometer yielded temperatures of 262–263 °C based on collecting of fumarole gas at Mt. Welirang crater. According to their characteristics, Cangar and Padusan are associated with AWVC, while Songgoriti is associated with Mt. Kawi.

scholarly journals The conceptual model of Wae Sano Geothermal field based on geology and geochemistry data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Fajar Rizki Widiatmoko ◽  
Mochammad Nur Hadi ◽  
Dedi Kusnadi ◽  
Sachrul Iswahyudi ◽  
Fadlin Fadlin
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Water Type ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rock Alteration

Wae Sano volcano is included in the inner Banda arc, Mount Wae Sano is a type C volcano and formed the Sano Nggoang crater lake. The magmatism activity produces geothermal manifestations such as; hot spring, rock alteration, and sulfur deposits, the hottest water temperature is 81 0C, with neutral pH, but the Sano Nggoang Lake water has acid pH. It becomes interesting to examine the characteristics of the geothermal system in that area. The research was conducted by Volcanostratigraphic studies to reconstruct the geological process and Geochemical sampling of hot springs, lake water, ground air, and the soil side to understand the subsurface characterization. The result showing some period of volcano products, with the youngest come from the product of Sano Nggoang 2 that spills its product to on the north-east side of Poco Dedeng volcano. The geochemical analysis shows all manifestations originate from one reservoir, chloride water type, NaCl type of the lake water with a few SO4 influence, presumably, the hot springs supply is influenced by seawater, the estimation of the reservoir has a temperature about ± 230 0C, with dacite and the rich organic sedimentary rock, and located at ± 1456 m from the manifestation, the isothermal section shows the rate of temperature increase at 97.07 m / 10 0C. The hypothetical resource is counted about 1,488.6 kWe.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI STRUKTUR GEOLOGI DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SUHU PERMUKAAN TANAH BERDASARKAN DATA LANDSAT 8 DI LAPANGAN PANASBUMI BLAWAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjar Pranggawan Azhari ◽  
Sukir Maryanto ◽  
Arief Rachmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Landsat 8

This paper presented used remote sensing method for identification geological structure on Blawan-Ijengeothermal field and its system. Remote sensing data, specifically Landsat 8 and DEM SRTM, provide lineaments from the 753 multispectral band and the land surface temperature (LST) from single thermal infra red band using a retrieval method. Surface emissivity was determined based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of study area. Remote sensing analysis is good approach to identification of geological structure from surface that control thermal manifestation in Blawan geothermal field. It shows Blawan fault is the main structure in geothermal field which associated with high LST and hot springs. Interpretation indicated reservoir of Blawan-Ijen geothermal system spread from Plalangan to southwest area. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur geologi dan gambaran sistem panasbumi Blawan-Ijen dengan aplikasi penginderaan jauh. Data penginderaan jauh khususnya citra multispektral komposit 753 Landsat 8 dan DEM SRTM digunakan sebagai data untuk mendelineasi struktur patahan di permukaan. Suhu permukaan tanah diperoleh dari pengolahan citra thermal inframerah Landsat 8 dengan bantuan metode semi empiris. Emisivitas permukaan diperoleh berdasarkan klasifikasi indeks vegetasi NDVI daerah penelitian. Analisis data penginderaan jauh merupakan pendekatan yang cukup baik dalam mengidentifikasi struktur geologi yang mengontrol manifestasi panasbumi Blawan. Hasil interpretasi menunjukkan patahan Blawan adalah struktur utama di daerah geothermal Blawan yang berasosiasi dengan suhu permukaan tanah yang tinggi dan deretan mata air panas. Interpretasi mengindikasikan reservoir sistem panasbumi Blawan berada di bawah permukaan Plalangan dan menerus dari Plalangan menuju arah barat daya daerah penelitian.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF DISSOLVED SULPHATE IN VARIOUS GEOTHERMAL FIELDS OF SUMATRA USING OXYGEN AND SULPHUR ISOTOPES

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
E. Ristin Pujiindiyati ◽  
Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Field System ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Isotope Partitioning ◽  
North Sumatra

There are at least 30 high temperature systems; eleven active volcanoes, five degassing volcanoes and one caldera volcano controlled by Sumatra Fault Zone over a length of 1700 km. To understand this geothermal field system, some information about geochemistry including isotope composition in its fluid is needed. Sulphur-34 and oxygen-18 isotopes in dissolved sulphate pair have been used to determine the origin of acidic fluid of sulphate and to evaluate the process involved. The fluids from eight hot springs, two fumaroles, four deep wells and crater have been collected in along Sumatra geothermal fields. Sulphur-34 (d 34S (SO4), 0/00 CDT) and oxygen-18 (d 18O (SO4), 0/00 SMOW) in sulphate is analyzed according to Robinson-Kusakabe and Rafter method, respectively. The d 34S (SO4) values from Sibayak wells are more enriched of 16.8 0/00 to 18.2 0/0 that may indicate the dissolution of anhydrite minerals or isotope partitioning in hydration of SO2. The d 34S (SO4) values from two fumaroles (Pusuk Bukit - North Sumatra and Rantau Dadap - South Sumatra) are at depleted value of -0.150/00 and 1.80/00, those are close to d 34S from magmatic sulphur.  In general, the d 34S (SO4) of springs spread in a wide range of 5.250/00 to14.20/00 and show a mixing process between atmospheric sulphate and sulphate from deep wells. The d 18O (SO4) from wells exhibits depleted value around -3.60/00 suggesting that 87.5% of sulphate oxygen is derived from groundwater oxygen and 12.5% is derived from atmospheric molecular oxygen in sulphide oxidation reaction. In the other hand, hot springs (except Semurup), crater and fumaroles have enriched value of d 18O (SO4). These enriched values suggest that a higher percentage of atmospherically derived oxygen compared to those from the depth.   Keywords: isotope, geothermal, Sumatra

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemistry of Natar and Cisarua Hot springs in South Lampung, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Mochamad Iqbal ◽  
Bella Restu Juliarka ◽  
Wijayanti Ashuri ◽  
Bilal Al Farishi
Keyword(s):  
Metamorphic Rock ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
13C Isotope ◽  
Geologic Map ◽  
Quaternary Volcanic Rock

Natar Hot Spring is one of the geothermal manifestations that is located in Lampung Province, Indonesia. About 6 km to the east, another hot spring appears with temperature around 40°C with neutral pH called Cisarua Hot Spring. The Natar Hot Spring itself having temperature 47-54°C with 6.23 pH. Based on the geologic map, the appearance of these hot spring is caused by Lampung-Panjang Fault which trending northwest-southeast. Morphology of the research area is showing a flat terrain topography which composed of Quaternary volcanic rock and metamorphic rock in the basement. The nearest volcano that expected to be the heat source of the geothermal system is the Quaternary extinct volcano called Mt. Betung which is located about 15 km to the southwest. The aim of the study is to analyze the geochemistry of the manifestations and calculate the reservoir temperature. Geochemistry analysis result shows both manifestations are bicarbonate which is formed as a steam-heated water or steam condensates. Geothermometer calculation shows that the geothermal reservoir has temperature 150-160°C with approximately 300 m in depth. All manifestations are originated from meteoric water according to stable isotope analysis D and δ18O data and interacting with carbonate-metamorphic rock beneath the surface based on 13C isotope value. A further geophysics study is needed to determine where the heat comes from.

scholarly journals Genesis of the Xifeng Low-Temperature Geothermal Field, Guizhou, SW China: Constrains From Geology, Element Geochemistry, and D-O Isotopes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Ji Dor ◽  
Chengjiang Zhang ◽  
Guiling Wang ◽  
Baojian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Deep Circulation

The Xifeng geothermal field is located in the Yangtze Craton, SW China, and is one of the most representative low-temperature geothermal fields in China. Widespread thermal anomalies, hot springs, and geothermal wells have been reported by previous studies. However, the nature and forming mechanisms of the field remain poorly understood. Element geochemical (ions, rare earth elements) and stable isotopic (D, O) composition of hot springs, geothermal fluids, rivers, and cold springs from different locations of the Xifeng geothermal field were analyzed in this study. The ions studies revealed that most samples featured the Ca-Mg-HCO3 type, except Xifeng hot springs, and which were characterized by the Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 type. Based on quartz geothermometers, the estimated reservoir temperature was 77°C. The results of stable isotopes (D, O) manifest that the Xifeng geothermal system was recharged by meteoric water at an elevation of 1,583 m from SW to NE. The research of rare earth elements (REE) revealed that their accumulation characteristics and obvious positive Eu anomaly were inherited from host feldspar-bearing reservoir dolomites through water-rock interactions. Combined with these observations, geological setting, and previous studies, it was concluded that the formation of the Xifeng geothermal field resulted from recharge, deep circulation, and secondary rising of the meteoric water along the faults. First, meteoric water infiltrated to depth through faults and crack zones. Second, the deep-infiltrated water was heated by radioactive heat, deep heat, and tectonic frictional heat. Finally, as the warmed-up waters underwent considerable deep circulation in the reservoir, it rose again along the main faults, and mixed with groundwater near the surface. Taken together, we suggest that the Xifeng geothermal system should be assigned as a faults-controlling, and deeply circulating meteoric water of low-temperature category.

scholarly journals DNA signature of thermophilic bacteria from the aged accretion ice of Lake Vostok, Antarctica: implications for searching for life in extreme icy environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Bulat ◽  
Irina A. Alekhina ◽  
Michel Blot ◽  
Jean-Robert Petit ◽  
Martine de Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Extraterrestrial Life ◽  
Lake Vostok ◽  
Accretion Ice ◽  
Seismotectonic Activity

We have used 16S ribosomal genes to estimate the bacterial contents of Lake Vostok accretion ice samples at 3551 m and 3607 m, both containing sediment inclusions and formed 20000–15000 yr ago. Decontamination proved to be a critical issue, and we used stringent ice chemistry-based procedures and comprehensive biological controls in order to restrain contamination. As a result, up to now we have only recognized one 16S rDNA bacterial phylotype with confident relevance to the lake environment. It was found in one sample at 3607 m depth and represents the extant thermophilic facultative chemolithoautotroph Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus of beta-Proteobacteria, and until now had only been found in hot springs. No confident findings were detected in the sample at 3551 m, and all other phylotypes revealed (a total of 16 phylotypes, 336 clones including controls) are presumed to be contaminants. It seems that the Lake Vostok accretion ice is actually microbe-free, indicating that the water body should also be hosting a highly sparse life. The message of thermophilic bacteria suggests that a geothermal system exists beneath the cold water body of Lake Vostok, what is supported by the geological setting, the long-term seismotectonic evidence from 4He degassing and the ‘18O shift’ of the Vostok accretion ice. The seismotectonic activity that seems to operate in deep faults beneath the lake could sustain thermophilic chemolithoautotrophic microbial communities. Such a primary production scenario for Lake Vostok may have relevance for icy planets and the approaches used for estimating microbial contents in accretion ice are clearly relevant for searching for extraterrestrial life.

scholarly journals Subsurface Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration of The Patuha Geothermal Field, West Java: A Progress Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pratistha Utama
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
West Java ◽  
Geothermal Exploration ◽  
Subsurface Geology ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Installed Capacity

Patuha geothermal field is one of the geothermal fields in West Java.  Developed by PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero) since 2014, the geothermal field produced electricity, with installed capacity amounted to 55 MWe. Patuha geothermal system is vapour-dominated system. The geothermal manifestations are located at approximately 2,100 m asl. The Patuha field consists of three main upflow zones, namely Kawah Putih, Kawah Ciwidey, and Kawah Cibuni. This study analyzed the drill cuttings from 3 wells as the primary data with total depths ranging from 1,581 to 2,166 m with the well’s highest stable temperatures measured of ±230°C. The three wells selected for this research—PPL 02, PPL 04, and PPL 07—were analyzed to describe the rock properties and estimate the prospect areas of present-day geothermal exploration in Patuha. The objective of this paper is to develop a better understanding of the subsurface geology and its correlation to the dynamic processes (i.e., hydrothermal alteration) in Patuha geothermal field. The hydrothermal minerals are formed by near-neutral pH fluids and are characterized by quartz, calcite, clays (smectite, illite, chlorite), wairakite, epidote, and actinolite. The existence of acidic fluids is evident by the formation of acidic hydrothermal minerals e.g., anhydrite at various depth of the studied wells, particularly at PPL 07 which is located around Sugihmukti-Urug area. Moreover, the previous studies by Reyes (1990), Layman and Soemarinda (2003), Rachmawati et al. (2016), Elfina (2017) on hydrothermal minerals, geothermal manifestation characteristics, fluid geochemistry, and conceptual model are adapted to improve the analysis and interpretation of this paper.

scholarly journals The Estimation of Subsurface Structure within Geothermal Manifestation Area as an Outflow Zone Using Geoelectrical Resistivity Method in Tegal, Jawa Tengah

GeoEco ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hangga Novian Adi Putra ◽  
Wahyudi Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Dipole Configuration ◽  
Geoelectrical Resistivity ◽  
Manifestation Area

<p class="TesisTextOneHalfSpace"><em>Indonesia is one of the country having a lot of geothermal fields potentially used as a source of energy. For example, Java island is noted to have almost 57 geothermal fields. One of those geothermal fields which is rarely studied is Guci geothermal field. Hence, there was conducted a research to investigate the subsurface image and geothermal system in Guci geothermal field based on resistivity data. </em><em>The research in Guci geothermal field was carried out using geoelectrical method. Resistivity geoelectrical research used two configurations, namely dipole-dipole and schlumberger. Data acquisitions for dipole-dipole configuration was done in two lines, 500 metres spread for each line. Whereas the acquisitions for schlumberger configuration was done in four points, 200-250 metres spread for each point. </em><em>Research result showed that the area of geothermal manifestation in Guci consist of top soil layer, sandstone, andesite, and a fluids-containing layer. A fluids-containing layer is estimated to be related to geothermal manifestation in Guci and is a fault zone. Fault is estimated to be a normal fault and lies in 20 metres depth. Fault within geothermal manifestation area in Guci has a role as the pathway of hot-fluid out to the surface which forms a manifestation.</em></p>

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