Perceptions of Autonomy, Privacy and Informed Consent in the Care of Elderly People in Five European Countries: comparison and implications for the future

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Leino-Kilpi ◽  
Maritta Välimäki ◽  
Theo Dassen ◽  
Maria Gasull ◽  
Chryssoula Lemonidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Ethical Sensitivity ◽  
Good Care ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
The Uk

This article discusses nurses’ and elderly patients’ perceptions of the realization of autonomy, privacy and informed consent in five European countries. Comparisons between the concepts and the countries indicated that both nurses and patients gave the highest ratings to privacy and the lowest to informed consent. There were differences between countries. According to the patient data, autonomy is best realized in Spain, privacy in the UK (Scotland), and informed consent in Finland. For the staff data, the best results tended to concentrate in the UK. The conceptual and methodological limitations of the study are identified and discussed. Implications of the results are divided into three areas: nursing practice, education and research. In practice, the analysis of patients’ values and the ethical sensitivity of nurses are important as part of ethically good care. In nurse education, students should learn to recognize ethical problems, generally and particularly, among vulnerable groups of patients. Multicultural international research is needed in this area. This is the last of a set of five articles published together in this issue of Nursing Ethics in which the results of this comparative research project are presented.

Perceptions of Informed Consent in the Care of Elderly People in Five European Countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schopp ◽  
Maritta Välimäki ◽  
Helena Leino-Kilpi ◽  
Theo Dassen ◽  
Maria Gasull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Nursing Ethics ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
Nurses Perceptions ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
The Uk

The focus of this article is on elderly patients’ and nursing staff perceptions of informed consent in the care of elderly patients/residents in five European countries. The results suggest that patients and nurses differ in their views on how informed consent is implemented. Among elderly patients the highest frequency for securing informed consent was reported in Finland; the lowest was in Germany. In contrast, among nurses, the highest frequency was reported in the UK (Scotland) and the lowest in Finland. In a comparison of patients’ and nurses’ perceptions, nurses had more positive views than patients in all countries except Finland. Patients with less need for nursing interventions in Greece and Spain gave their consent less often. The German and Greek patients were older, and the results also point to an association between this and their lower frequency of giving consent. In Spain, patients who were married or who had a family member or friend to look after their personal affairs were more likely to be included in the group whose consent was sought less often. This is the fourth of a set of five articles published together in this issue of Nursing Ethics in which the results of this comparative research project are presented.

Perceptions of Autonomy, Privacy and Informed Consent in the Care of Elderly People in Five European Countries: general overview

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Leino-Kilpi ◽  
Maritta Välimäki ◽  
Theo Dassen ◽  
Maria Gasull ◽  
Chryssoula Lemonidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
The Uk

Ethical issues in the care of elderly people have been identified in many countries. We report the findings of a comparative research project funded by the European Commission, which took place between 1998 and 2001. The project explored the issues of autonomy (part I), privacy (part II) and informed consent (part III) in nursing practice. Data were collected from elderly residents/patients (n = 573) and nursing staff (n = 887) in five European countries: Finland, Spain, Greece, Germany and the UK (Scotland). Questionnaires were used as the data collection tool (self-completion questionnaires for staff, structured interviews for the elderly participants). Four basic nursing interventions in the care of elderly people were targeted: hygiene, fluid intake and nutrition, medication, and elimination. The data were analysed statistically. The results indicated differences within all five countries between staff and patient perceptions of autonomy, privacy and informed consent. There were also similar differences between individual countries. Conclusions were reached concerning practice, education and research. This is the first of a set of five articles published together in this issue of Nursing Ethics in which the results of this comparative research project are presented.

Perceptions of Privacy in the Care of Elderly People in Five European Countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schopp ◽  
Helena Leino-Kilpi ◽  
Maritta Välimäki ◽  
Theo Dassen ◽  
Maria Gasull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Care Facility ◽  
Nurses Perceptions ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
The Uk

The focus of this article is on elderly patients’ and nursing staff perceptions of privacy in the care of elderly patients/residents in five European countries. Privacy includes physical, social and informational elements. The results show that perceptions of privacy were strongest in the UK (Scotland) and weakest in Greece. Country comparisons revealed statistically significant differences between the perceptions of elderly patients and also between those of nurses working in the same ward or long-term care facility. Perceptions of privacy by patients and their nursing staff were quite similar in Finland, Germany and the UK. In contrast, in Greece and Spain these perceptions were different: nurses believed that they took account of their patients’ privacy needs more often than the patients themselves felt this was the case. Among Spanish and UK patients, an association was found between lower levels of independence and comparatively less positive perceptions of privacy. No associations were established between nurses’ perceptions and their demographic factors. This is the third of a set of five articles published together in this issue of Nursing Ethics in which the results of this comparative research project are presented.

Thaumetopoea processionea (oak processionary moth).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Beverley
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Thaumetopoea Processionea ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Oak Processionary Moth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

Abstract T. processionea, commonly known as the oak processionary moth, is a major pest in many European countries and threatens the health of oak trees. The common and scientific names of T. processionea refer to the behaviour of the larvae to form long processions. The larvae cause severe defoliation, reducing the viability of oak trees. They also pose a risk to both human and animal health because they shed poisonous hairs, which can result in severe allergic reactions, amongst other health problems. The moth is native to central and southern Europe but is now present in almost all European countries and also in parts of the Middle East. EPPO issued a Pest Risk Analysis in 2007 for the UK in response to infestations of the species in Europe from 2006. At this time, infestations of the moth were observed on a range of oak (Quercus) species in London. The adult males are strong fliers and can fly long distances, such as from France to the UK (Evans, 2007). Host plants of this pest include many species of deciduous Quercus, and to a much lesser degree, Betula, Carpinus, Castanea, Corylus, Crataegus, Robinia and Fagus; plants commonly found in forests, woods or ornamental plantations in the UK, for example (Evans, 2007). Therefore, areas where these plants are present and offer a suitable climate for pest development are likely to be under threat from T. processionea. Various pines have been reported as hosts, but such records are suspect and are probably the result of confusion with the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa).

Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Buxus blight).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Asexual Species ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
The Uk

Abstract C. pseudonaviculata is an asexual species in a genus of common ascomycete plant pathogens. It was identified relatively recently in the UK, as an introduced species causing a devastating shoot blight of boxwood [Buxus spp.] plants that are commonly used in gardens and landscaping. The full extent of its host range is not known, but Buxus spp. from different continents were found to be susceptible (Henricot et al., 2008). It was placed on the EPPO Alert list in 2004, as it appeared to be spreading to the mainland (EPPO, 2009a), and removed from the list in 2008. This pathogen has been reported from additional European countries in recent years, and may have been transported in asymptomatic infected plants or propagating materials. It survives well in plant debris and probably also in soil.

Science and Theology for Everyone: How Climate Science is Shaping Christianity in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Caleb Gordon ◽  
Hannah Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Technical Leadership ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

This article analyses the growing participation of UK Christians in climate initiatives over the last five years. In many cases, climate science is cited as a necessary consideration for the fulfilment of already-existing Christian commitments. This represents a significant shift in the ways UK Christians understand the role of dialogue between theology and the sciences; previous science and theology dialogue has usually been treated as an area of expert concern, primarily offering insight into apologetics or specific ethical problems. By contrast, the dialogue between climate science and theology has seen the emergence of non-technical leadership amid the expectation that climate science plays a critical role in re-examining the meaning of Christian life, both for individuals and as communities.

scholarly journals Two hearts and a loan? Mortgages, employment insecurity and earnings among young couples in six European countries

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2451-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia M Dotti Sani ◽  
Claudia Acciai
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Employment Insecurity ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Employment Instability

Homeownership is increasingly understood by policy makers and social scientists as a fundamental asset against poverty risks, especially in times of economic uncertainty. However, in several Western countries, homeownership among younger generations appears to be increasingly difficult to achieve, likely a result of growing employment instability and stringent criteria to access credit. This article uses multinomial logistic models and nationally representative EU-SILC data from six European countries to examine (a) to what extent precarious employment among young couples is linked to being a mortgage holder; (b) whether earned income can compensate for employment instability in being a mortgagee; (c) cross-national differences in the relationship between being a mortgage holder, earnings, and employment insecurity. Our results indicate that the higher the levels of employment insecurity, the lower the chances of being a mortgage holder in all countries. Moreover, we find that at a given level of employment insecurity, households with higher levels of earned income have higher chances of being mortgage holders than households with lower earned income. However, while earned income has a stronger effect in achieving a mortgage among couples who have secure employment in Italy, earnings are more important among couples with lower levels of employment security in France, the UK, Spain and Poland. These results suggest that the relationship between social inequalities and housing is partially mediated by the national context.

Legal Deposit of Electronic Publications and Other Non-Print Material: An International Overview

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hoare
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Print Material ◽  
International Coordination ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Electronic Publications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
West European

In many countries, including the UK, proposals are currently being made for the extension of legal deposit to electronic and other non-print material. Some countries such as Switzerland and the Netherlands have no national legal deposit legislation, though voluntary deposit works well in the latter. Norway has the most advanced legislation, requiring the deposit of all lands of media. In few countries is any range of material actively handled, and a very few deal with online publications. There is scope for international coordination of proposals through such bodies as CDNL, CENL, IFLA and UNESCO. The aim of totally comprehensive collecting of all published material may be accepted as unrealistic, and some selectively is likely to be necessary. The current situation with regard to deposit of non-print material in 11 west European countries, Australia, Canada and the USA is recounted.

scholarly journals Between-Country Comparability of Clinical Chemistry Results: An International Quality Assessment Survey of 17 Analytes in Six European Countries through Existing National Schemes

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T P Jansen ◽  
D G Bullock ◽  
A Vassault ◽  
H Baadenhuijsen ◽  
A De Leenheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Uk

Two lyophilized control sera were distributed through seven national external quality assessment schemes in six European countries—Belgium, Switzerland, France, The Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom—participated in the study. The results for 17 routine analytes were obtained from almost 5000 laboratories for the two sera. The organizers of the schemes were asked to process the results according to a common outlier removal procedure, and submit method-related data if available. The two sera were also distributed through the external/internal scheme of The Netherlands, and the within-laboratory standard deviations calculated in this scheme have been used in a scaling procedure for the external mean values and between-laboratory standard deviations of the participating countries. The results show remarkable agreement in the national mean values for practically all analytes, but considerable differences in the between-laboratory variation. Data from comparable method groups was obtained for 12 analytes from Belgium, France, The Netherlands and the UK. Though revealing some specific differences between methods and countries, the method-related data are generally in agreement with the all-method data. In this study reference method values were only available for cholesterol. The high degree of agreement found suggests, however, that mutual recognition of all-method mean values in national schemes could be acceptable, especially for analytes for which reliable reference methods are not available. The major element of variation is between-laboratory rather than between-country.

Obtaining Informed Consent in an Egyptian Research Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina M Rashad ◽  
Fiona MacVane Phipps ◽  
Melanie Haith-Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Collection Phase ◽  
British Research

This article explores the concept of internationally acceptable codes of ethics within the context of an Egyptian nurse’s PhD studies. Theoretical work, including gaining ethical approval for the project, took place in the UK, while the data collection phase of the study was done in Egypt. This highlighted areas where the Arab Muslim interpretation of some ethical principles, especially around the issue of gaining informed consent, differed from that currently accepted in British research ethics. The authors argue that it may not be possible, or even desirable, to standardize codes of ethics globally in areas such as academic research. Ethical principles develop from a unique mix of culture and religion. It may be more important to develop cultural competence that includes the ability to understand and respect the way in which ethical principles are interpreted by various societies.

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