Metabolic differences between multiple sclerosis subtypes measured by quantitative MR spectroscopy

We used quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging with T1-based image segmentation to evaluate the subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS) (eight patients each group of relapsing-remitting [RR], secondary progressive [SP] and primary progressive [PP]). There was no significant difference in age between the PP group with the RR, SP or control group. We found that the metabolite ratio of choline/NA from the periventricular white matter region was not significantly different between the RR and SP groups. Using an ANOVA, the ratios of periventricular choline/NA or creatine/NA of these combined groups were significantly higher than the PP and control groups. Quantification of these data suggest that the major cause of the elevation of these parameters is due to an increase in choline and creatine in the RR group while NA is decreased in the SP group. Thus, early PP disease appears to be relatively intact with respect to neuronal loss.

Download Full-text

Probable antioxidant therapy of Saffron Crocin in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial

Biomedicine ◽

10.51248/.v40i4.332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 516-521

Author(s):

Sara Ami Ahmadi ◽

Azin Kazemi ◽

Mohammadmahdi Sabahi ◽

Shahab Razipour ◽

Arash Salehipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxidative Damages ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

And Control

Introduction and Aim: Multiple Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition might emerge as a result ofcomplex combination of genetic risk factors with environmental triggers, including oxidative stress. in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of oral Crocin on oxidative stress in patients with MS. Materials and Methods: Adjunct to standard treatment, the Crocin group (20 patients) received 30-mg/day (15 mg twice daily) dose of Crocin and placebo group (20 patients) received for 4 weeks. Saliva and urine samples were collected to determine the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (CAT), total thiol groups (TTG), lipid peroxidation (LPO), were measured at baseline and the end of the study. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences of LPO, TAC, CAT, and TTG of urine between the control and case groups. However, a significant difference was found after 4 weeks of Crocin-therapy in TTG,TAC and LPO (p<0.05) except in CAT activity (P>0.05). We found no deffrence in urinary TTG level and CAT activity in control group at the end of intervention (P>0.05), while TAC and LPO level were significantly different at the end of the study as compared with the beginning (P<0.05). Althugh, we found no significant difference in saliva LPO, TTG and TAC levels and the activity of CAT in case and control groups at first (p>0.05), Crocin administration have resulted in a significant increase in saliva TTG and TAC levels as well as CAT activity and markedly decrease in LPO level (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Crocin can significantly reduce the several oxidative stress factors in MS patients and may contributes to attenuates the oxidative damages.

Download Full-text

Positive and Negative Aspects of Copaxone ( Glatiramer acetate) Action on TC, TG HbA1c and Iron Levels in The Sera of Iraqi Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Baghdad

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.14.1.157-166 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 157-166

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Iron Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fourth Decade ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Iraqi Women ◽

Group B ◽

And Control

The aim of the present study is to highlight the role of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), Glycated hemoglobin A1c and iron in Iraqi women with multiple sclerosis and also to examine the biochemical action of copaxone (which is the most widely used in the 21st century to treat multiple sclerosis) on these biochemical parameters. This is the first study in Iraq which deals copaxone action on TC , TG , HbA1c and iron. Ninety women in their fourth decade suffering from multiple sclerosis were enrolled in this study. They were divided into: the first (group B) composed of (30) women without any treatment related to multiple sclerosis or any treatment linked with chronic or inflammatory diseases. The second (group A1) included (30) women under treatment with copaxone for 1 year, whereas the third group (group A2) involved (30) women under treatment with copaxone for 2 years. Patients groups were compared with a healthy control group (group C) composed of (30) healthy women, TC, TG, HbA1c and iron levels were determined in the sera of patients and control groups. Results of the present study has revealed that TC was high significantly increasing in the sera of group B (250.68±9.76) mg/dl compared with group C (175.36±8.81) mg/dl, while it was high significantly decreasing in the sera of groups A1 (211.88±5.90) mg/dl and A2 (212.12±5.60) mg/dL compared with group B (250.68±9.76) mg/dl. Beside, a non-significant difference was suggested between groups A1 (211.88±5.90) mg/dl and A2 (212.12±5.60) mg/dl. The present study also reported that TG was high significantly increasing in group B (224.84±10.76) mg / dl compared with group C (131.36±7.53) mg/dL whereas a significant decrease was shown in group A1(142.48±4.63) mg/dl and group A2 (195±4.20) mg/dl compared with group B (224.84±10.76) mg / dl. Surprisingly, a highly significant increase was reported in group A2 (195±4.20) mg/dl compared with group A1(142.48±4.63) mg/dl. The present study also suggested that HbA1c level was high significantly increasing in the sera of group B (6.53±0.57) mg/dl compared with group C (4.99±0.07) mg/dl. Oppositely, it was high significantly decreasing in the sera of groups A1 (4.72±0.42) mg/dl and A2 (4.53±0.35) mg/dl compared with group B (6.53±0.57) mg/dl. Futhermore, a non-significant difference was noted between groups A1 (4.72±0.42) mg/dl and A2 (4.53±0.35) mg/dl. This study also reported that iron level was high significantly decreasing in the sera of group B (37.31±4.24) µg / dl compared with group C (98.23±9.21) µg/ dl, whereas it was significantly increasing in the sera of groups A1 (44.05±6.32) µg/dl and A2 (45.31±6.82) µg/dl compared with group B (37.31±4.24) µg/dl . A non significant difference was shown between groups A1 (44.05±6.32) µg / dl and A2 (45.31±6.82) µg / dl.

Download Full-text

The Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Sleep Quality and Pain Management in Multiple Sclerosis

Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences ◽

10.32598/cjns.6.23.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 205-213

Author(s):

Marie Abdolghaderi ◽

◽

Mohammad Narimani ◽

Akbar Atadokht ◽

Abbas Abolghasemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Pain Management ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Behavior Therapy ◽

Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Background: Pain can interfere with the daily functioning of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, sleep disturbance is a common symptom of MS. The dialectical behavior therapy program is presented as a detailed structured treatment program that was demonstrated that has effects on the treatment of psychosomatic disorders such as pain and sleep disorders. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on sleep quality and pain management in patients with MS. Materials & Methods: This research has been carried out as a quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and a control group. A total of 24 people were selected through a convenient sampling method from the patients of the MS-Society of Guilan Province, Iran. Then, they are randomly divided into 2 equal groups (experimental and control). The study data were collected through Pittsburgh sleep quality scale and pain self-efficacy questionnaires. The intervention process was performed for the experimental group as 8 training sessions of 90 minutes long. The obtained data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS v. 24. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of pain management (F=4.04) and sleep quality (F=5.64) (P<0.05) and dialectical behavior therapy had a significant statistical effect on sleep quality and pain management. Conclusion: Based on these findings, dialectical behavior therapy can be used to improve the quality of sleep and manage pain in patients with MS.

Download Full-text

The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in anxiety and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.343 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S409-S409 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Alisaleh ◽

S. Ghahari

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Stress Reduction ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽

Competing Interest ◽

And Control

ObjectiveThe main objective of the present study is to investigate effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in anxiety and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis.MethodsThis study is in kind of semi-experimental research in form of pretest–posttest pattern with control group. Statistical population of the study consists of all patients with multiple sclerosis referred to Iran MS Association by 2016. Sampling method in this study is available sampling and based on having inclusion criteria. Among depressed and anxiety patients 30 individuals were selected randomly and were classified in two groups with 15 people in each group. Experimental group was under mindfulness-based training on stress reduction for 8 sessions. Control group was also in waiting list. All patients in experimental and control groups fulfilled depression and anxiety inventories before and after intervention. Obtained data was analyzed using MANCOVA and in SPSS22 software.FindingObtained results show that there is significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety and depression after intervention (P < 0.001).ConclusionMindfulness-based stress reduction can help reduction of symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with MS.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Download Full-text

Static and dynamic pupillary characteristics in multiple sclerosis

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211044317 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110443

Author(s):

Ersin Muhafiz ◽

Erdinç Bozkurt ◽

Can Emre Erdoğan ◽

Şerif Nizamoğulları ◽

Mehmet Siraç Demir

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Visual Acuity ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Control Group ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Rnfl Thickness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ophthalmologic Examination ◽

And Control

Purpose: To examine the static and dynamic pupillary functions with automated pupillography in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with preserved visual acuity. Methods: Forty-seven MS patients with preserved visual acuity were included in the study group and 43 healthy volunteers in the control group. The visual evoked potential of the patients was obtained. After routine ophthalmologic examination contrast sensitivity and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured. Finally scotopic, mesopic, and photopic pupillographies followed by dynamic pupillography were undertaken, and the pupillary dilatation speed was calculated. Results: The contrast sensitivity and RNFL thickness of the MS group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( p < 0.05; for both). In the MS and control groups, the scotopic pupil diameters were 5.48 ± 1.03 and 5.28 ± 0.78 mm, mesopic pupil diameters were 4.82 ± 0.83 and 4.48 ± 0.70 mm, and photopic pupil diameters were 3.84 ± 0.79 and 3.42 ± 0.49 mm, respectively ( p = 0.315, p = 0.044, and p = 0.004, respectively). In dynamic pupillography, the pupil in the MS group was more dilated than control group at all time sections examined except the sixth second ( p < 0.05; for all). Although the mean pupillary dilation speed in the first second was higher in the MS group ( p = 0.044), there was no significant difference between the groups for the other time intervals examined ( p > 0.05; for all). There was no correlation between pupillary parameters and P100-wave latency, RNFL thickness, or contrast sensitivity ( p > 0.05; for all). Conclusions: Static and dynamic pupillary functions may be affected in MS patients with preserved visual acuity. Although scotopic pupillary functions are preserved, mesopic, and photopic pupil functions are weakened.

Download Full-text

Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis : Possible markers and treatment agents

Ideggyógyászati Szemle ◽

10.18071/isz.74.0050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (1-2) ◽

pp. 50-56

Author(s):

Arzu Sanli ◽

Musa Ozturk ◽

Aysun Soysal ◽

Yasemin Doventas ◽

Fulya Basoglu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽

Patient Group ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Early Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Tissue Inhibitors ◽

Remission Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relapsing Remitting

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are synthesized by many cell groups and responsible for the destruction of matrix proteins, and endogen tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) have a role in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by affecting the blood-brain barrier. We aimed to investigate the role of MMPs and TIMPs in the immunopathogenesis and in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). We enrolled 25 relapsing remitting MS patients, who had a definite MS diagnosis according to McDonald criteria and 25 healthy subjects similar for age and gender as control group. MMP-9- and TIMP-1 levels were measured twice in patient group (one time during an attack and one in remission) and once in healthy subjects. MMP-9- and TIMP-levels of patients during attack and remission period and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were found significantly higher than in the control subjects. In patient group MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio during attacks were not significantly different than during remission period. However, when subdivided according to their number of attacks, patients with 2 attacks had significantly higher levels during attack period comparing to remission period (p<0.05); in case of patients with more than 2 attacks did not have a statistically significant difference in attack and remission periods. Matrix metalloproteinases are important actors in MS immunopathogenesis, particularly in the early period and inhibitor agents for these enzymes can be used as a treatment option.

Download Full-text

Possible association between multiple sclerosis and the human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-related endogenous element, HRES-I

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/135245859600200303 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 133-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

HB Rasmussen ◽

A Heltberg ◽

K Christensen ◽

J Clausen

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Endogenous Retrovirus ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Cell Leukemia ◽

Human T Cell ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

T Cell Leukemia Virus

In the present study we searched for an association between the human endogenous retroviral element HRES-I and multiple sclerosis (MS). Fragments of this endogenous retrovirus were amplified for subsequent examination by single strand conformational analysis. We did not find HRES-I markers exclusively linked with MS and only the two already known polymorphisms, which define three alleles of HRES-I, were detected. However, we found a significant difference in the distribution of these alleles between a group of 87 MS patients and a control group of 158 healthy individuals (P=0.014). There were no differences in the distribution of the HRES-I allelic forms between MS patients with a relapsing-remitting course and patients with chronic progressive MS. Our results provide evidence of an association between HRES-I and MS. Possible explanations for this are discussed.

Download Full-text

Genetic Association of MiR-146a with Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility in the Chinese Population

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000369695 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 281-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

You Li ◽

Chen Du ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Guoda Ma ◽

Lili Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Han Chinese Population ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility ◽

Potential Association ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

And Control

Background: miR-146a polymorphisms have been involved in susceptibility to multiple diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the potential association between two functional miR-146a polymorphisms (rs2910164 and rs57095329) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Han Chinese population. Methods: A cohort of 525 patients and 568 healthy controls were genotyped to detect the two polymorphisms by SNaPshot. Results: No significant differences were detected in the distribution of the two miR-146a polymorphisms between the patients and controls (P > 0.05). However, stratification by gender showed a statistically significant difference in the frequency of the genotype rs2910164 between MS patients and control females (P=0.009). Further stratification analysis by subgroup revealed that the miR-146a rs2910164 C allele conferred a higher risk of developing relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (P=0.018). In addition, the rs2910164 C allele was significantly associated with increased expression of miR-146a in patients with RRMS (P=0.025). Moreover, patients with the rs2910164 C allele released more TNF-α and IFN-γ, but not IL-1β, compared with individuals carrying the homozygous GG genotype (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that rs2910164 may play a role in MS susceptibility in females. The rs2910164 G>C variation may affect the expression of miR-146a and the release of proinflammatory cytokines.

Download Full-text

CXCL13 CSF level inversely correlates with duration of disease in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.20883/jms.2016.169 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 302-304

Author(s):

Jacek Losy ◽

Piotr Iwanowski ◽

Elżbieta Kaufman ◽

Marlena Wójcicka

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Control Group ◽

Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Primary Progressive ◽

Cxcl13 Level ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Duration Of Disease ◽

And Control

Chemokines are important factors in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. The objective of the study was to examine the CSF and serum levels of CXCL13 and CCL5 chemokines in primary progressive MS, compare results with relapsing remitting MS and control group with other noninflammatory neurological disorders. The levels of chemokines was measured by ELISA method. The CXCL13 CSF levels in PP and RR MS were higher in comparison with control group, without significant differences between these podgroups. Additionally CXCL13 level in PP MS inversely correlated with duration of the disease. CCL5 CSF level was also significantly higher in PP MS in comparison with control group. The results demonstrate involvement of CXCL13 and CCL5 chemokines in the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of primary progressive MS.

Download Full-text

A comparison of the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women with multiple sclerosis

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2015-0046 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fatemeh Nazari ◽

Mozhgan Soheili ◽

SayedMohsen Hosseini ◽

Vahid Shaygannejad

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Control Group ◽

Minimization Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract: Pain is a common and significant symptom in many individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence and severity of pain in individuals with MS has also been shown to be associated with higher levels of depression, functional impairment, and fatigue. It is common for MS patients and their caregivers to worry about narcotic addiction in the management of chronic pain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women suffering from MS.: This study was a single-blind randomized clinical trial performed on 75 patients with MS referred to the MS Clinic of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital (Isfahan, Iran). After simple non-random sampling, using the minimization method, participants were randomly assigned to the three groups of reflexology, relaxation, and control. In the experimental groups, foot reflexology and relaxation interventions (Jacobson and Benson) were performed within 4 weeks, twice a week for 40 min. The control group received routine care and medical treatment as directed by a doctor. Data were collected using the Numerical Rating Scale before, immediately after, and 2 months after interventions in all three groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.: Findings obtained from analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant differences between mean pain intensity scores in the three groups preintervention and 2 months after interventions (p > 0.05). However, this difference was statistically significant immediately after the study (p < 0.05). Findings obtained from repeated measures ANOVA showed that the severity of pain significantly differed during different times in reflexology and relaxation (p < 0.05); however, this difference was not significant in the control group (p > 0.05). Furthermore, Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) revealed a significantly higher reduction in pain intensity scores in the reflexology group after the intervention, compared with the two other groups, but showed no significant differences between relaxation and control groups. There were no significant differences between the three groups 2 months after the interventions (p > 0.05).: The results showed that both interventions are effective on relieving pain in women with MS; however, it appears that the effect of reflexology on pain reduction is greater than that of relaxation. Hence, these two methods can be recommended as effective techniques.

Download Full-text