Anxiety Control Training

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Snaith
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Muscular Tension ◽  
Anxiety Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Illness Anxiety ◽  
Sedative Drugs

Anxiety pervades every aspect of human activity and experience. It is a normal state and a spur to action, but readily exceeds normal limits in intensity, duration and appropriateness to the stimulus or situation. Anxiety is manifest by the mood of fearfulness, behaviour marked by restlessness and avoidance of situations, increased arousal with insomnia, excessive preoccupation with thoughts on the theme of insecurity, and a wide range of somatic symptoms which are based on muscular tension, hyperventilation leading to paraesthesiae and faintness, and symptoms based on overactivity of the autonomic nervous system. Excessive anxiety and situational avoidance leads to diminution of performance and limitation of endeavour. In the context of physical illness, anxiety increases the distress of symptoms, may confuse diagnostic procedure, prolong recovery time from acute illness, cause failure to comply with effective treatment and promote destructive habits such as reliance on alcohol or excessive use of sedative drugs.

Muscular strain as risk factor of somatic symptom of mix anxiety and depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S406-S406
Author(s):  
M. Bhadar ◽  
S. Asghar ◽  
Z. Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Muscular Tension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionSomatic symptoms in depression are not uncommon. There is increased sicidality, poor prognosis, and increased risk of relapse. Neurological and l muscloskeletal symptoms can be explained on basis of increased muscular tension in the body.MethodsAn internet search was made using key words muscular tension, SSRIs depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms.ResultsNinety-eight percent patients reported at least one of somatic symptoms. Forty-five percent reported six somatic symptom. GIT symptoms in 67% patients. Fatigue in 78% % of patients. Weakness in body parts 45% and headache in 43% to 65%. Chest pain more common in male. Patient over 40 showed pain in limbs or joints. Number of symptoms was directly related to severity of depression.DiscussionIncreased muscular tension is one component of mix anxiety and depression. Main nerves and their branches pass in between muscular bellies. When there is increased muscular tone, it puts extra compression on major nerves and their branches. This will cause dysesthesia in body parts. Stretching of muscles produce pain due to hypoxia. This produces headache, strain neck and backache pain in chest. Fatigue is result of over consumption of energy due to hypertonia. One of their side effect is of SSRIs is muscular hypertonia which will not be very helpful for these symptoms. Drugs like tricyclics, SNRI can have better results when used alone, gabapentine, pregabline tinazidine used as adjunct can alleviate symptoms. Non-pharmacological treatment includes massage, relaxation technique, and warm water therapy.ConclusionSomatic symptoms of mix anxiety and depression should be important consideration in its treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Association of Sensory Responsiveness with Somatic Symptoms and Illness Anxiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donja Rodic ◽  
Andrea Hans Meyer ◽  
Roselind Lieb ◽  
Gunther Meinlschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Sensory Responsiveness ◽  
Illness Anxiety

Effects of brain monoamine depletion on chlorpromazine-induced hypothermia in rabbits

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Induced Hypothermia ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Monoamine Depletion ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

The thermal responses of three groups of control, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treated and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) treated rabbits to the administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ) were assessed at three different ambient temperatures (Ta: 2, 22, and 32 °C). Depleting catecholamines (CA) in brain with 6-OHDA produced a decrease in metabolic rate, in respiratory evaporative heat loss, and in ear blood flow at both Ta's of 2 and 22 °C, while depleting 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) contents in brain with 5,7-DHT produced the opposite responses at the same Ta's. However, these amine-depleted animals maintained their rectal temperatures within normal limits over a wide range of Ta's tested. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of CPZ produced hypothermia at both Ta's of 2 and 22 °C. The major cause of the CPZ-induced hypothermia was an inhibition of metabolic heat production at Ta of 2 °C. At Ta of 22 °C, the CPZ-induced hypothermia was due to both a decrease in heat production and an increase in ear blood flow. However, CPZ hypothermia was attenuated in the CA-depleted animals, but was potentiated in the 5-HT-depleted animals. The data indicate that brain monoamines are involved in the central mechanisms of CPZ-induced hypothermia.

scholarly journals STUDY OF IRRITANT AND SKIN-RESORPTIVE ACTION OF SODIUM-CONTAINING DRUG

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
O. Malyk ◽  
Ya. Protsyk ◽  
N. Shkodyak ◽  
T. Yurynets ◽  
S. Martynyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reliable Increase

Sodium-containing preparations have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activity, which determines their use in veterinary medicine. This effect is due to a wide range of physiological effects of sodium ions on animals metabolism. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the irritant effect of sodium-containing drugs: known – 2 % glycetinate, its analogues – 2 % ovocid, 3 % ovocid, 1.5 % potassium-sodium drug (Na / K, 1.5%). Studies of irritant and skin-resorptive action of drugs were performed by immersing the tail of animals in a test tube with the substance on white rats weighing 250–270 g. Four groups of rats were formed with 3 animals each: rats of I group (control) tails were immersed in test tubes with 2 % glycetinate, animals of II group – in test tubes with 2% oocide, III group – in test tubes with 3 % oocide, and in IV group rats – with Na / K, 1.5% drug. The exposure time was 4 hours. The animals were subjected to clinical observations, assessing their general condition and the reaction of the tail’s skin. The effect of drugs on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the rats blood was studied. The study of the local irritant effect of the studied drugs in rats from I, II and III groups showed a moderate local irritant reaction, as evidenced by the appearance of redness and thickening of the skin, and in group IV animals appeared only slight redness on the skin of the tails. This indicates a weaker local irritant effect of potassium-sodium-containing drug (1.5% K, Na), compared with other studied drugs. According to hematological studies, in the rats’s blood of groups III and IV, a reliable increase, within normal limits, the number of leukocytes and a decrease in hemoglobin content, compared with those of animals of group I. It was found that at 4 hours of the experiment under the action of the studied potassium-sodium drugs increases the permeability of Sodium and Potassium through the rats’s skin into the blood. In particular, in serum of animals from groups II and IV there was a reliable increase of Potassium content by 2.1 times, respectively, and a significant increase in Sodium content in the blood of animals from groups III and IV, compared with control group. In animals of groups II and IV there was a reliable increase of serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, and in rats of group III – increase of serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activity and in triacylglycerol’s content, compared with rats of group I, which indicates the effect of 2 % glycecin analogues on metabolic processes in animals.

scholarly journals Rapid vigilance and episodic memory decrements in COVID-19 survivors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijia Zhao ◽  
Kengo Shibata ◽  
Peter J. Hellyer ◽  
William Trender ◽  
Sanjay Manohar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Attention Memory

Recent studies indicate that COVID-19 infection can lead to serious neurological consequences in a small percentage of individuals. However, in the months following acute illness, many more suffer from fatigue, low motivation, disturbed mood, poor sleep and cognitive symptoms, colloquially referred to as 'brain fog'. But what about individuals who do not report any ongoing symptoms after recovering from COVID-19? Here we examined a wide range of cognitive functions critical for daily life (including sustained attention, memory, motor control, planning, semantic reasoning, mental rotation and spatial-visual attention) in people who had previously suffered from COVID-19 but were not significantly different from a control group on self-reported fatigue, forgetfulness, sleep abnormality, motivation, depression, anxiety and personality profile. COVID-19 survivors displayed significantly worse episodic memory (up to 6 months post infection) and greater decline in vigilance and motivation with time on task (for up to 9 months). Overall, the results show that chronic cognitive impairments following COVID-19 are evident on objective testing even amongst those who do not report a greater symptom burden. Importantly, in the sample tested here, these were not significantly different from normal after six-nine months, demonstrating evidence of recovery over time.

Psychological Interventions for Health Anxiety and Somatic Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Maass ◽  
Franziska Kühne ◽  
Jana Maas ◽  
Maria Unverdross ◽  
Florian Weck
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Illness Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Illness Anxiety

Abstract. This study examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions for severe health anxiety (SHA) regarding somatic symptoms (SS) and health anxiety (HA). The databases Web of Science, EBSCO, and CENTRAL were searched on May 15, 2019, May 16, 2019, and August 5, 2019, respectively. Eighteen randomized controlled trials ( N = 2,050) met the inclusion criteria (i.e., hypochondriasis, illness anxiety disorder or somatic symptom disorder with elevated HA being assessed with validated interviews; use of standardized outcome measures). Two reviewers independently evaluated the studies’ risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (RoB-2) tool. Overall, psychological interventions were significantly more effective than waitlist, treatment-as-usual, or placebo post-treatment ( gSS = 0.70, gHA = 1.11) and at follow-up ( gSS = 0.33, gHA = 0.70). CBT outperformed other psychological interventions or pharmacotherapy for HA post-treatment (Hedge’s  gHA = 0.81). The number of sessions did not significantly predict the effect sizes. In sum, psychological interventions were effective for SHA, but the generalizability of the results for SS is limited, because only two high-quality trials contributed to the comparisons.

Safety and Efficacy of IV Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct to Propofol to Sedate Anxious and Uncooperative Pediatric Dental Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-432
Author(s):  
Ferah Rehman ◽  
Ashima Goyal ◽  
Krishan Gauba ◽  
Kajal Jain ◽  
Aditi Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Oral Midazolam ◽  
Group D

Objective : To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine (dex) as an adjunct to propofol sedation in pediatric dental patients. Study design: This RCT enrolled 30 anxious ASA-I 2-5 year olds. Allocated into 2 groups either receiving IV propofol (1 mg/kg)(Gp-P) or [IV dex (1ug/kg) with propofol(1 mg/kg)] (Gp-D) after oral midazolam premedication (0.5 mg/kg). Sedation maintained with propofol infusion at 50–75ug/kg/min. Additional bolus/es of propofol (1mg/kg) was/were administered in case of inadequate sedation. Primary outcome was to compare requirement of propofol in two groups. Secondary outcomes were to compare vital signs, depth of sedation, induction, treatment and recovery time, intra & post-operative complications and analgesic requirement post-operatively. Results : Total propofol (in mgs) used and number of additional boluses were significantly higher in group P (p<0.05). Although within normal limits, heart rate was significantly lower in group D. Respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, NIBP were comparable. Depth of sedation achieved was comparable at all steps (p>0.05). Induction time (mins) was significantly lower in Group P (p<0.05), however treatment and recovery time were similar (p>0.05). Desaturation was observed in 3/15(group P) & 0/15(group D). Analgesic requirement post-operatively was significantly higher in group P (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective adjunct to propofol.

Comparative Evaluation of Hemodynamic Stability and Recovery during Conscious Sedation by Dexmedetomidine-Fentanyl Versus Ketamine- Fentanyl in procedures outside the operating room

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Abd-El Razek ◽  
Mohamed N El-shafei ◽  
Ashraf N Mostafa ◽  
Ibrahim M Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Dilatation And Curettage ◽  
Sedative Drugs

Abstract Background Conscious sedation is a technique of providing analgesia, sedation and anxiolysis while ensuring rapid recovery without side effects. Conscious sedation is administered with the dual goals of rapidly and safely establishing satisfactory procedural condition for the performance of therapeutic or diagnostic procedures while ensuring rapid, Email: predictable recovery with minimal post-operative sequels. Aim of the Work to study the effect of dexemdetomidine with fentanyl versus ketamine with fentanyl on hemodynamic stability and recovery during conscious sedation in dilatation and curettage procedure. Patients and Methods In our study, 50 patients were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. group DF received dexmedtomidine loading dose 1 μg/kg over 10 min and followed by 0.5 μg/kg/hr infusion till completion of surgery. And group KF received ketamine 0.5 mg/kg slow intravenous Bolus. Results Our study showed that dexmedetomidine is a safe drug with good hemodynamic and recovery time, also exerts sedative and analgesic effects without respiratory depression, unlike most analgesic/sedative drugs, such as ketamine, opioids, benzodiazepines, and propofol. Conclusion dexmedetomidine in combination with fentanyl is useful to provide conscious sedation for non operating room procedures in adults and it may be a valuable alternative to ketamine.

Somatic symptom and related disorders

2015 ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Factitious Disorder ◽  
Somatic Symptom Disorder ◽  
Illness Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
Illness Anxiety ◽  
Somatic Symptom Disorders

Somatic symptom disorders are characterized by the presentation of somatic complaints (somatization), often, but not necessarily, in the absence of a medical explanation of these sensations. The level of concern is generally disproportionate in relation to the severity of the somatic illness. Behaviourally, somatic symptom disorder entails signals that call for help and attention from others. Evolutionary considerations of why people present with somatic symptoms in the absence of a medical cause suggest that this behaviour could reflect a strategy to manipulate others in order to evoke care. Signals that aim at eliciting care from others are more persuasive if the ‘real’ intention is hidden from conscious awareness. Thus, self-deception may be involved in the presentation of somatic symptoms. Within the spectrum of somatic symptom and related disorders, the degree of self-deception may vary from high, as in illness anxiety disorder, to relatively low, as in factitious disorder.

Radioimmunoassay for arylsulfatase A in urine.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Laidler ◽  
K W Ryder ◽  
M R Glick ◽  
T O Oei ◽  
R L Van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Arylsulfatase A ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antigenic Activity ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Purified arylsulfatase A (EC 3.1.6.1) from human urine was radioiodinated under conditions that caused no significant loss of antigenic activity. We used this labeled arylsulfatase A (specific radioactivity 4-7.5 Ci/g) together with nonlabeled enzyme and rabbit antiserum produced against homogeneous enzyme to develop a radioimmunoassay for arylsulfatase A in urine. A solid-phase, second-antibody technique (Immunobead Second Antibody; Bio-Rad Laboratories) was used to separate free enzyme from antigen-antibody complexes. The working range of the assay was 0.1-4.0 ng of enzyme; within- and between-assay CVs were around 10%, and the analytical recovery was 105.5% (SD 7.7%). The lower limit of detection was 0.08 ng of arysulfatase A per assay, substantially less than that of typical activity-based assays. Over a wide range of urinary arylsulfatase A activities, results by this method agreed well (r = 0.99) with those obtained by activity assays. We measured the enzyme in urines of 59 healthy volunteers and 92 patients with different diseases, including a group of colorectal cancer cases, to determine whether this could serve as a reliable marker for cancer of the colon; however, urinary excretion of arylsulfatase A by most patients with colon cancer was within normal limits.

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