scholarly journals The effect of religiosity during childhood and adolescence on drug consumption patterns in adults addicted to crack cocaine

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Rezende-Pinto ◽  
Alexander Moreira-Almeida ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira ◽  
Homero Vallada
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundAlthough many studies suggest that religiosity is a protective factor against drug use, there is little information on its effect on drug consumption patterns of those who do use drugs.AimsWe aimed to examine if there is any relationship between religiosity during childhood and adolescence, and drug consumption in adult crack users.MethodWe performed a cross-sectional study of adults addicted to crack cocaine. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for the association between religious history in the age groups 8–11, 12–14 and 15–17 years and outcome variables.ResultsFrom a total of 531 respondents, religious involvement during childhood and adolescence was correlated to less frequent onset of drug consumption before 18 years (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.98) and less craving (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99), mainly between the ages of 15 and 17 years.ConclusionsReligiosity provides some protection against drug consumption patterns in crack cocaine addicts.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile Of Uropathogens In A Macapá Laboratory, Amapá, Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Ítalo Fernando Penha da Silva ◽  
José Maria Henriques Serruya Júnior ◽  
Tayonara Borges Gonçalves Góes ◽  
Bruno Gomes de Noronha ◽  
Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Private Laboratory ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) represent a worldwide health problem. Microbial resistance, due to selective antibiotic pressure, has a direct influence on the evolution and impact of these infections. The objective of this work was to identify the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of uropathogens isolated in uroculture samples from a private laboratory in the city of Macapá/AP. It is a quantitative, retrospective and cross-sectional study, using a laboratory database. Data were collected from results of urocultures with antibiogram analyzed from January to December 2019. The present study evaluated 3,510 urocultures, carried out during the study period, of which 1,269 had bacterial growth, equivalent to 36.15%. Among the positive results, we found the bacteria Escherichia coli (66.59%), Staphylococcus aureus (32.62%), mixed colonies of E. coli and S. aureus (0.47%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0.24%) and Serratia marcescens (0.08%). The male gender was responsible for 16.35% (n = 574) of the urocultures analyzed, while the female population was 83.65% (n = 2936). When analyzing the distribution of bacteria isolated by gender, males were considered a protective factor with 42% less chance of presenting bacteria in urine. The bacteria E. coli was the predominant pathogen in these infections in both sexes and in all age groups.

scholarly journals Waist circumference as a determinant of hypertension and diabetes in Brazilian women: a population-based study

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTA Olinto ◽  
LC Nacul ◽  
DP Gigante ◽  
JSD Costa ◽  
AMB Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the role of central adiposity, as evaluated by the measurement of waist circumference (WC), as an independent risk factor for hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the setting of a developing country.Design:Population-based, cross-sectional study.Setting:A medium-sized town in southern Brazil.Participants:One thousand and ninety-five non-pregnant women, 20 to 69 years old, recruited by cluster random sampling between 1999 and 2000. Their mean WC was 85.3 cm (standard deviation 13.9 cm) and 23.3% (n = 255) were obese (body mass index >30 kg m−2). The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 25.6% (n = 280) and 6.2% (n = 68), respectively.Results:The risks of hypertension and diabetes were directly related to WC measurement. Women with WC > 80 cm had increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 6.2, P < 0.001). The association remained significant (OR = 1.04 per cm increase in WC, P = 0.02) after adjusting for confounders. The effect of WC on diabetes was modified by age. The effect was stronger in women younger than 40 years old (OR = 12.7, P = 0.016) than in those over 40 years old (OR = 2.8, P = 0.013). In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio was 5.7 (P = 0.12) in those under 40 years old and 2.8 (P = 0.008) in older women.Conclusions:Waist circumference is an independent determinant for hypertension and diabetes in women in this population. The stronger association between WC and diabetes in younger women suggests that the validity of this indicator to assess abdominal adiposity is age-specific. Further studies should validate the usefulness of WC measurement in different age groups.

scholarly journals The Influence of Age and Gender on Normalized Foot Arch Height in Childhood and Adolescence: Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyue-nam Park ◽  
Eun-kyung Koh ◽  
Do-young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Normalized arch height (NAH), which can be calculated as the instep height (IH) divided by total foot length (TFL), has been used when comparing the foot arch height, instead of navicular height (NH) because of the difficulty to palpate navicular tuberosity when measuring NH. The aim of current study was to investigate to investigate association between foot length and arch height, change in NAH over age, and distribution of foot type according to age in children and adolescent from 8 to 19 years. Foot scanning data of 1,451 children and adolescents were obtained. Four NAH indices were calculated as follows, 1) NH/TFL, 2) NH/instep length (IL), 3) IH/TFL and 4) IH/IL. There were significant positive relationships between foot length and arch height. Natural growth was observed in NH/TFL and NH/IL until 16 years old and IH/TFL and IH/IL between 11-13 and 14-16 years age groups. The proportions of pes planus also decreased, whereas the proportion of rectus foot type increased over age. Clinicians should be caution when diagnosing and designing non-surgical program for children with pes planus until 16 years old.

Association between plasma proANP and hyperuricemia in Chinese Han women: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160-1167
Author(s):  
Zhengbao Zhu ◽  
Qiu Zhang ◽  
Hao Peng ◽  
Chongke Zhong ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suzhou City

Abstract Background: Association between pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP) and hyperuricemia has not yet been investigated in population. This study aimed to examine the association in Chinese Han women. Methods: We measured plasma proANP, serum uric acid, and other traditional biomarkers in 1360 women older than 30 years residing in the Gusu district of Suzhou City. Association between plasma proANP and hyperuricemia was analyzed in women aged ≥45 years and those aged <45 years, respectively. Results: In women aged ≥45 years, the odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of hyperuricemia with high proANP (over the median) was 0.57 (0.34–0.97) compared to those with low proANP (p=0.040). After adjustment for age and other potential covariates, a high plasma proANP was associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia in women aged ≥45 years (OR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19–0.84), when the highest and lowest categories were compared. In contrast, there was no association between plasma proANP and hyperuricemia in women aged <45 years. We did not observe a significant interaction between age and proANP (pinteraction=0.113). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed these age-specific findings. Conclusions: Plasma proANP was significantly and inversely associated with hyperuricemia in Chinese Han women aged ≥45 years. This study suggests that an increased plasma proANP should be a protective factor of hyperuricemia among middle-aged and old women.

scholarly journals Weekly Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Occurrence Among Different Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Tao Pu ◽  
Ning Yan ◽  
En-Yuan Wang ◽  
Yan-Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Age Range

Background and purpose: The causes of the higher incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on a given day are unclear. Previous studies have shown that it may vary by region and population. The purpose of this study was to detect weekly variations in ICH occurrence in southwest China and to assess differences in ICH occurrence among different populations.Methods: This hospital-based study included patients with first-onset ICH that occurred from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. The weekly variation in ICH occurrence was analyzed and stratified by sex, age, comorbidities, living habits, and residence.Results: A total of 5,038 patients with first-onset ICH were enrolled. ICH occurrence was higher on Monday [odds ratio (OR), 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09–1.36; P &lt; 0.001] and Friday (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03–1.28; P &lt; 0.001) among all patients, and this pattern was consistent with that of men, whereas women showed a higher incidence on Mondays, Saturdays, and Sundays. The increase in the number of ICH events on Monday and Friday was pronounced in the age range of 41–60 years; however, no significant weekly variation in ICH occurrence was observed among other age groups. After stratifying by comorbidities, a significant weekly variation in ICH occurrence was observed in patients with hypertension or diabetes. Smoking and alcohol consumption was associated with a higher incidence of ICH on Friday; otherwise, a Monday excess was observed. The urban population demonstrated a significant weekly variation in ICH occurrence, whereas the rural population did not.Conclusions: Intracerebral hemorrhage occurrence showed weekly variations in southwest China and was significantly affected by sex, age, comorbidities, living habits, and residence. This suggests that weekly variations in ICH occurrence maybe dependent on the region and population.

Meningiomas in childhood and adolescence – Multicenter cross-sectional study on 42 patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
HL Müller ◽  
S Schröder ◽  
U Gebhardt ◽  
I Zwiener ◽  
A Faldum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

CONCENTRATION OF THE SERUM TGF-BETA1 IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE

2014 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Van Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo ◽  
Bui Bao Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Elevated serum Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels have been linked to tissue fibrosis including chronic kidney disease. Objectives: (1) Investigate serum TGF-beta1 levels in healthy adult people and (2) Examined the relation between serum TGF-beta1 level and gender, age, body mass index (BMI). Method: A cross-sectional study. TGF-beta1 were quantified by ELISA. Results: Levels of serum TGF-beta1 in healthy people were 13,45 ± 7,17 ng/mL mL (0,59 - 33,10 ng/mL). There are no difference of serum TGF-beta1 levels between men and women, between the age groups (<40 years, 40 to < 60 years and ≥ 60 years), between BMI groups < 23 and BMI group ≥ 23. Key words: TGF-beta1, healthy people

Is there a relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Erfan Ayubi ◽  
Saeid Bashirian ◽  
Ronak Hamzehei ◽  
Ensiyeh Jenabi
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Education ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression (PPD) is poorly understood and seldom studied. Objective: In an effort to explore this issue, the present study investigated the relationship between gestational diabetes and PPD. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed with 342 women who were referred to four urban health centers of Hamadan city, west of Iran. We used convenience sampling as a method to recruit women in each health center. We used a researcher-made checklist for gathering data on socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors of PPD. The Persian validated version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PPD. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]). Results: Gestational diabetes was identified as the most important risk factor for PPD with OR (95% CI) of 2.19 (1.11, 4.31); P-value=0.02 after adjusting for other variables. Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio showed that PPD among lesseducated women (primary school) was 3.5 times higher compared to women with a university education (OR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.27, 9.84; P-value=0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that PPD is more likely among women with gestational diabetes and those who were less educated. Interventional and educational activities for reducing the risk of PPD can be targeted for use with this population.

The Prevalence of Insecticide Treated Net/malaria :cross section study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanda Chalela
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Malaria Patient ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Itn Use ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants of unmet need for outpatient healthcare services in Iran: a national cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Vahedi ◽  
Amin Torabipour ◽  
Amirhossein Takian ◽  
Saeed Mohammadpur ◽  
Alireza Olyaeemanesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Utilization Of Healthcare

Abstract Background Unmet need is a critical indicator of access to healthcare services. Despite concrete evidence about unmet need in Iran’s health system, no recent evidence of this negative outcome is available. This study aimed to measure the subjective unmet need (SUN), the factors associated with it and various reasons behind it in Iran. Methods We used the data of 13,005 respondents over the age of 15 from the Iranian Utilization of Healthcare Services Survey in 2016. SUN was defined as citizens whose needs were not sought through formal healthcare services, while they did not show a history of self-medication. The reasons for SUN were categorized into availability, accessibility, responsibility and acceptability of the health system. The multivariable logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of SUN and associated major reasons. Results About 17% of the respondents (N = 2217) had unmet need for outpatient services. Nearly 40% of the respondents chose only accessibility, 4% selected only availability, 78% chose only responsibility, and 13% selected only acceptability as the main reasons for their unmet need. Higher outpatient needs was the only factor that significantly increased SUN, responsibility-related SUN and acceptability-related SUN. Low education was associated with higher SUN and responsibility-related SUN, while it could also reduce acceptability-related SUN. While SUN and responsibility-related SUN were prevalent among lower economic quintiles, having a complementary insurance was associated with decreased SUN and responsibility-related SUN. The people with basic insurance had lower chances to face with responsibility-related SUN, while employed individuals were at risk to experience SUN. Although the middle-aged group had higher odds to experience SUN, the responsibility-related SUN were prevalent among elderly, while higher age groups had significant chance to be exposed to acceptability-related SUN. Conclusion It seems that Iran is still suffering from unmet need for outpatient services, most of which emerges from its health system performance. The majority of the unmet health needs could be addressed through improving financial as well as organizational policies. Special attention is needed to address the unmet need among individuals with poor health status.

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