Characteristics of Child Battering in Hong Kong: A Controlled Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lieh-Mak ◽  
S. Y. Chung ◽  
Y. W. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Older Children ◽  
First Year Of Life

SummaryThe characteristics in Hong Kong of 37 cases of child battering and their families compared to a control group matched for age of child and social class of family revealed that the families of battered children had significantly more problems, with a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorder among the parents. The victims were usually the product of unwanted pregnancy and had been separated from their parents in the first year of life. In Hong Kong older children rather than infants were at risk of being battered. The cultural factors in operation are discussed.

scholarly journals HGG-34. DETECTION OF ONCOGENIC FUSION EVENTS IN SUPRATENTORIAL GLIOBLASTOMAS OF YOUNG CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii349-iii350
Author(s):  
Torsten Pietsch ◽  
Christian Vokuhl ◽  
Gerrit H Gielen ◽  
Andre O von Bueren ◽  
Everlyn Dörner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gene Fusions ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Stable Genome ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma in infancy and early childhood is characterized by a more favorable outcome compared to older children, a stable genome, and the occurrence of tyrosine kinase gene fusions that may represent therapeutic targets. METHODS 50 glioblastomas (GBM) with supratentorial location occurring in children younger than four years were retrieved from the archives of the Brain Tumor Reference Center, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn. DNA and RNA were extracted from FFPE tumor samples. Gene fusions were identified by FISH using break-apart probes for ALK, NTRK1, -2, -3, ROS1 and MET, Molecular Inversion Probe (MIP) methodology, and targeted RNA sequencing. RESULTS 37 supratentorial GBM occurred in the first year of life, 13 GBM between one and four years. 18 cases showed fusions of ALK to different fusion partners; all occurred in the first year of life (18/37 cases, 48.6%). Fusions of ROS1 were found in 5, MET in 3, NTRK1, -2, -3 in 10 cases. 12 cases showed no and two novel fusions. The different methods led to comparable results; targeted RNA sequencing was not successful in a fraction of cases. Break-apart FISH led to reliable results on the next day, MIP technology represented the most sensitive method for analysis of FFPE samples. CONCLUSIONS Gene fusions involving the tyrosine kinase genes ALK, MET, ROS1 and NTRK1, -2, -3 occurred in 72% of glioblastomas of children younger than four years; the most frequent were ALK fusions occurring in infant GBM. DNA based MIP technology represented the most robust and sensitive assay.

scholarly journals Auditory temporal abilities in children with history of recurrent otitis media in the first years of life and persistent in preschool and school ages

CoDAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Cruvinel Villa ◽  
Sthella Zanchetta
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Recurrent Otitis Media

PURPOSE: To study the temporal auditory ordering and resolution abilities in children with and without a history of early OME and ROME, as well as to study the responses according to age. METHODS: A total of 59 children were evaluated, and all of them presented pure tone thresholds within the normal range at the time of the conduction of the hearing tests. The children were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of episodes of recurrent otitis media. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups according to age: 7- and 8-year olds, and 9- and 10-year olds. All children were assessed with standard tests of temporal frequency (ordination) and gaps-in-noise (resolution). RESULTS: For the temporal abilities studied, children with a history of otitis media presented significantly lower results compared to the control group. In the frequency pattern test, the correct answers increased with age in both groups. In the identification of silence intervals, the control group showed no change in threshold regarding to age, but this change was present in the group with a history of otitis media. CONCLUSION: Episodes of otitis media with effusion in the first year of life, recurrent and persistent in preschool and school ages, negatively influence the temporal ordering and resolution abilities.

THE EFFECT OF MONTHLY GAMMA-GLOBULIN ADMINISTRATION ON MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM INFECTION IN PREMATURE INFANTS DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Amer ◽  
Esther Ott ◽  
Frank A. Ibbott ◽  
Donough O'Brien ◽  
C. Henry Kempe
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
First Year Of Life

A double-blind controlled study to determine the effect on infections of repeated administration of large doses of gamma-globulin to premature infants revealed that significantly more of these infants had no infections and fewer had mild infections during the first year of life. The data also suggests that gamma-globulin afforded some amelioration of serious but nonfatal infections. Deaths from infection showed a similar trend in favor of the gamma-globulin group, but this difference on its own was not significant.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in a Twin: A Comparison of Sibling Histories

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
A. Kahn ◽  
D. Blum ◽  
M. F. Muller ◽  
L. Montauk ◽  
A. Bochner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Clinical Risk Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Control Infant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life

To determine possible characteristics of infant victims of sudden death, we examined 114 items related to the pre- and postnatal histories of 42 pairs of twins one of whom died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) leaving a surviving sibling. Interviews with the parents were conducted after the occurrence of SIDS, and the data were checked with records held by gynecologists and pediatricians. To evaluate the specificity of any factors, we studied a control group of 42 age- and sex-matched pairs of twins, both of whom survived the first year of life. Only 11 of 114 characteristics were significantly related to SIDS: future victims had a smaller weight and height at birth, stayed longer in the nursery, and followed a moving object with their eyes, had head control, and smiled at a later age than their surviving siblings. They also fatigued more often during feeding (11/42) and had reduced arm and neck tonus (9/42). They were described as longer sleepers than their surviving siblings. During sleep, some SIDS twins, but no surviving twin, were found to be cyanotic at least once or pale (4/42) and were repeatedly covered with abundant sweat (8/42). In the control group of normal twins, the occurrence of most of these characteristics was found with a frequency comparable to that seen in the SIDS infants; the specificity of these characteristics is thus considered doubtful. The mean birth weight and height were significantly greater in the control group, and no control infant had an episode of cyanosis or pallor or repeated episodes of profuse sweating observed during their sleep. It is concluded that, if further research validates the occurrence of night hyperhydrosis in some future SIDS victims, this symptom could be a clinical risk factor.

scholarly journals Self-perceived postural balance correlates with postural balance and anxiety during the first year after stroke: a part of the randomized controlled GOTVED study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Rafsten ◽  
Anna Danielsson ◽  
Katharina S. Sunnerhagen
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Early Supported Discharge ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Postural balance is an important rehabilitation outcome, and screening stroke patients for confidence in postural balance during rehabilitation and before hospital discharge is recommended. Early supported discharge could improve postural balance self-confidence. This study aimed to investigate associations between patient self-confidence in postural balance and observer-assessed postural balance and anxiety during the first year after stroke. Whether very early supported discharge (VESD) affects self-confidence in postural balance compared with standard discharge was also evaluated. Methods A longitudinal trial for with data extracted from a randomized controlled study of 140 adults with confirmed stroke was conducted. The experimental group received VESD. The control group was discharged according to the standard routine. Postural balance was assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Falls Efficacy Scale. Anxiety was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rho) was used to test associations between independent variables. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine differences over time. A single test, according to Eid, Gollwitzer, and Schmidt, was used to test temporal differences in correlation. Results The correlation between self-confidence in postural balance and observer-assessed postural balance was 0.62–0.78 in the first year after stroke. The correlation between self-confidence and anxiety was 0.22–0.41 in the first year after stroke. Correlations did not differ by group affiliation at any time point when the postural balance was assessed with BBS. The intervention group had a significantly higher correlation (r = − 0.709) than the control group (r = − 0.416) when postural balance was assessed with the TUG test 1 month after discharge. There were no significant differences in correlations between confidence in postural balance and anxiety between the two groups at any time point. Conclusions Patients with mild stroke can accurately assess their confidence in performing daily activities without falling. VESD does not substantially affect the correlation between self-confidence in postural balance and observer assessed postural balance and is safe to use as an alternative to standard discharge. Assessment of self-confidence can provide important information for rehabilitation planning and supporting the physical activity of patients after discharge. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov: NCT01622205. Registered 19 June 2012 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Infant anticipatory stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Haley ◽  
Jennifer Cordick ◽  
Sarah Mackrell ◽  
Immaculate Antony ◽  
Maireanne Ryan-Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
First Year ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

In humans, anticipatory stress involves activation of the limbic–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which releases stress hormones such as cortisol in response to an impending stressor. Conditioning of the stress response to anticipate and prepare for future challenges is a hallmark of adaptation. It is unknown whether human infants in the first year of life have developed the neural circuitry to support the anticipation of stressful events in an attachment context. Here, we show that human infants at six months of age produce an anticipatory stress response, as indicated by the release of stress hormones, when re-exposed after 24 h to a context in which they demonstrated a stress response to a disruption in the parent–infant relationship. Although infant stress response (cortisol elevation) was greater to the stressful event (parent unresponsiveness) than to the second exposure to the stress context (room, chair, presence of parent and experimenter, etc.), it was greater in the stress group than in the control group on both days. Results suggest that human infants have the capacity to produce an anticipatory stress response that is based on expectations about how their parents will treat them in a specific context.

scholarly journals Specific probiotics in reducing the risk of acute infections in infancy – a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1722-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuli Rautava ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Erika Isolauri
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether probiotics might be effective in reducing the risk of infections in infancy. Infants requiring formula before the age of 2 months were recruited from community well-baby clinics. Infant formula supplemented with the probioticsLactobacillus rhamnosusGG andBifidobacterium lactisBb-12 or placebo was administered daily until the age of 12 months. Incidence of early infections (before the age of 7 months) and incidence of recurrent (three or more) infections during the first year of life were recorded as the main outcome measures of the study. During the first 7 months of life, seven out of thirty-two (22 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty out of forty (50 %) infants receiving placebo experienced acute otitis media (risk ratio (RR) 0·44 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·90);P = 0·014) and antibiotics were prescribed for ten out of thirty-two (31 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-four out of forty (60 %) infants receiving placebo (RR 0·52 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·92);P = 0·015). During the first year of life, nine out of thirty-two (28 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-two out of forty (55 %) infants receiving placebo encountered recurrent respiratory infections (RR 0·51 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·95);P = 0·022). These data suggest that probiotics may offer a safe means of reducing the risk of early acute otitis media and antibiotic use and the risk of recurrent respiratory infections during the first year of life. Further clinical trials are warranted.

P01-303-Vegetative status in infants of high-risk for schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 305-305
Author(s):  
M.A. Kalinina ◽  
G.N. Schimonova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Autonomic Disorders ◽  
First Year Of Life

IntroductionThe study of clinical features and prognostic significance of autonomic disorders are among the most pressing problems of modern medicine.ObjectivesDynamically within 5 years were observed 50 children at high risk for schizophrenia and 40 children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of the general population. Aims. Evaluation of prognostic significance of autonomic disorders in infancy for mental health in older age groups.MethodsAll patients were examined by clinical methods and EEG, neurosonografia, original screening tables for early childhood.ResultsIn the first year of life in children at high risk for schizophrenia observed mental and motor development within the syndrome of PDD.In infancy the vagotonic orientation prevailed 72, 5%. By 3 years it changed to the amphotonic orientation reaching 76, 0% of children, while the 10, 0% acquired sympathotony, the rest remained vagotonic.The mental state of 37 children to 5 years qualified as schizotipical disorder (F 21.8). In 13 children it was diagnosed schizophrenia, children's type (F20.8). Frequent and sudden changes in the type of tonus correlated with the deterioration of the mental state of a different nature.In the control group at the first year of life prevailed vagotonic orientation, which gradually to age of one year changed by eutonic. During the first 3–5 months of infancy revealed some unstable circulatory, sleep disorders.ConclusionsThe instability of autonomic tone and an abundance of vegetative violations indicate the risk of mental pathology.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices of Mothers towards Infant Oral Health Care in Their Children’s First Year of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Mayara Delfino Sentone Rossato ◽  
Márjori Frítola ◽  
Paulo Henrique Rossato ◽  
Valéria Campos Mariano Francelino ◽  
Regina Célia Poli-Frederico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractThis study aimed to assess mothers’ oral health-related knowledge and practices in immediate and late puerperium, and in the child’s first year of life. This study is a prospective cohort study, in which data were collected from 358 mothers of children born between 2013 and 2014, in immediate and late puerperium, and in children’s first year of life, by interviews with sociodemographic characterization and oral health questionnaires, and were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test (α = 5%). Participants were mainly aged 20 to 29 years (53.9%), with 7 to 11 years of education (67.6%), from low social class (72.3%), unemployed (58.9%), married or in common-law marriage (84.1%), with more than one child (60.1%). Although 51.7% of them had received information about children’s oral health, only 0.8%, 32.4% and 13.7%, respectively, knew the concept, etiology and preventive attitudes regarding dental caries. Mothers aged under 20 and over 30 years, with lower education and from low social class presented significantly lower oral health-related knowledge. At children’s first year of life, although 78.7% of the children had already been taken to the dentist, half of them had already tasted sugary foods and drinks. It is highlighted the social determination and the need of an improvement of mothers’ oral health related knowledge and practices. Educational actions, especially in prenatal programs, are important to achieve this improvement and to decrease early childhood caries rates.Keywords: Dental Caries. Child. Health Knowledge Attitudes, Practice. Parents. Oral Health.ResumoAvaliar o conhecimento e as práticas de mães sobre a saúde bucal de seus filhos no puerpério imediato, tardio, e no primeiro ano de vida da criança. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectiva, no qual os dados foram coletados de 358 mães de bebês nascidos entre 2013 e 2014, no puerpério imediato, tardio e um ano após o parto, por entrevistas com perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e sobre saúde bucal. Os dados foram analisados por estatísticas descritivas e pelo teste Qui-quadrado (α = 5%). As participantes apresentavam, majoritariamente, idades entre 20 a 29 anos (53,9%), com 7 a 11 anos de estudo (67,6%), eram de baixa classe social (72,3%), desempregadas (58,9%), casadas ou em união estável (84,1%), e tinham mais de um filho (60,1%). Apesar de 51.7% delas afirmarem ter recebido informações sobre saúde bucal infantil, apenas 0,8%, 32,4% e 13,7%, respectivamente, sabiam o conceito, etiologia e as atitudes preventivas à cárie. Mães com idades abaixo de 20 e acima de 29 anos apresentaram menor conhecimento sobre saúde bucal do que as demais. No primeiro ano de vida, apesar de 78,7% das crianças já terem ido ao dentista, metade delas já havia experimentado alimentos e bebidas açucarados. Destaca-se a determinação social e a necessidade de melhora no conhecimento e práticas das mães sobre saúde bucal. Ações educativas, especialmente em programas de atenção pré-natal, são importantes para atingir essa melhora e, consequentemente, diminuir as taxas da cárie na primeira infância. Palavras-chave: Cárie Dentária. Criança. Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas em Saúde. Pais. Saúde Bucal.

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