Recent Undesirable Life Events and Psychiatric Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Goodyer ◽  
Israel Kolvin ◽  
Sonia Gatzanis
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Severe Degree

A sample of children and adolescents (n = 157) attending a child psychiatry outpatient clinic with conduct or emotional disturbance were compared with community controls (n = 76) for the number and type of recent life events. A Life Events Schedule for children and adolescents was developed and used as a semi-structured interview. Four clinical groups were identified according to their predominant presenting symptoms (conduct, mild mood, severe mood, or somatic). An excess of events carrying a severe degree of negative impact was found for all four groups, compared with matched controls. Eleven classes of events were examined: there is a suggestion that two classes (marital/family, accident/illness) may be more important for conduct and mild mood disorders, and that a further class (permanent separations, termed exits) may be more important for somatic and severe mood disorders.

Diagnosing disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: Integrating semi-structured and unstructured interviews

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A McTate ◽  
Jarrod M Leffler
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Mood Dysregulation

The newest iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–fifth edition (DSM-5), is the first to include the diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). The assessment and diagnosis of psychopathology in children are complicated, particularly for mood disorders. Practice can be guided by the use of well-validated instruments. However, as this is a new diagnosis existing instruments have not yet been evaluated for the diagnosis of DMDD. This study seeks to provide a method for using existing structured interview instruments to assess for this contemporary diagnosis. The Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS) and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) are reviewed and existing items consistent with a diagnosis of DMDD are identified. Finally, a case is presented using both measures and applying the theoretical items identified to illustrate how one might use these measures to assess DMDD. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Detrimental Impact of Energy Drink Compounds on Developing Oligodendrocytes and Neurons

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar ◽  
Mordelt ◽  
Müser ◽  
Kempe ◽  
Felderhoff-Müser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Taurine Treatment

The consumption of energy drinks is continuously rising, particularly in children and adolescents. While risks for adverse health effects, like arrhythmia, have been described, effects on neural cells remain elusive. Considering that neurodevelopmental processes like myelination and neuronal network formation peak in childhood and adolescence we hypothesized that developing oligodendrocytes and neurons are particularly vulnerable to main energy drink components. Immature oligodendrocytes and hippocampal neurons were isolated from P0-P1 Wistar rats and were incubated with 0.3 mg/mL caffeine and 4 mg/mL taurine alone or in combination for 24 h. Analysis was performed immediately after treatment or after additional three days under differentiating conditions for oligodendrocytes and standard culture for neurons. Oligodendrocyte degeneration, proliferation, and differentiation were assessed via immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. Neuronal integrity was investigated following immunocytochemistry by analysis of dendrite outgrowth and axonal morphology. Caffeine and taurine induced an increased degeneration and inhibited proliferation of immature oligodendrocytes accompanied by a decreased differentiation capacity. Moreover, dendritic branching and axonal integrity of hippocampal neurons were negatively affected by caffeine and taurine treatment. The negative impact of caffeine and taurine on developing oligodendrocytes and disturbed neuronal morphology indicates a high risk for disturbed neurodevelopment in children and adolescents by excessive energy drink consumption.

scholarly journals S20. LIFETIME PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OFFSPRING OF PARENTS DIAGNOSED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA OR BIPOLAR DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S37-S38
Author(s):  
Elena De la Serna ◽  
Daniel Ilzarbe ◽  
Gisela Sugranyes ◽  
Inmaculada Baeza ◽  
Dolores Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Axis I

Abstract Background Having one parent diagnosed with a severe mental disorder is considered one of the main risk factors for developing that disorder in adulthood and it also increases the risk of a wide range of mental disorders in the offspring from early childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of several psychopathological diagnoses, the presence of prodromal symptoms and global functioning in schizophrenia offspring (SZoff) or bipolar offspring (BDoff) compared to community control offspring (CCoff) at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Methods 41 SZoff, 97 BDoff and 107 CCoff between 7 and 17 years were included. Clinical assessment consisted of a clinical evaluation using the following instruments: structured interview KSADS-PL or SCID-I, semi-structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) and the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). To test between-group differences in DSM-IV diagnoses multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models (categorical variables) or linear (continuous variables) regression models were conducted with group (SZoff, BDoff and CCoff), time (baseline or 2-year follow-up), interaction time x group, age, gender and socio-economic status as fixed variables. Results Significant differences between groups were found in any lifetime axis I disorder (F=8.720; p<0.001), mood disorders (F=4.774; p=0.009), anxiety disorders (F=4.368; p=0.013), ADHD (F=21.593; p<0.001), disruptive behavioral disorders (F=10.788; p<0.001) and comorbidity (F=5.588; P=0.004). Significant differences between groups were also found in the positive (F=6.088; p=0.003), negative (F=4.423; p=0.015), disorganized (F=3.866; p=0.024) and total (F=6.394; p= 0.002) sub-scales of the SOPS and CGAS (F=11.613;p<0.001). Interestingly, mood disorders were more prevalent in BDoff and disruptive disorders were more prevalent in SZoff. Prodromal symptoms were higher in SZoff compared to CCoff, while the BPoff group showed an intermediate pattern. Finally, global functioning was lower in the SZoff group compared to BDoff and CCoff. Discussion Screening patients’ children is clinically relevant since, as a group, they have an elevated risk of developing a psychiatric disorder and of experiencing their first symptoms during childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Stressful Life Events And Anxiety During The Period Of Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Gordana Stankovska ◽  
Fadbi Osmani ◽  
Svetlana Pandilovska Grncarovska ◽  
Slagana Angelkoska
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between stressful life events and anxiety during the period of adolescence. It is known that stressful life events are commonly studied risk and environmental factors in the development of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. In addition, physical and psychological symptoms of anxiety are often associated with stressful life events. These events are related to the different experiences of conflict and disrupted communication in the family. Subsequently, these events directly or indirectly affect the self-esteem and the self-image of adolescents during the period of adolescence. This research starts with the assumption that stressful life events predicted anxiety during the period of adolescence. Another assumption, in this research, is that females have higher level of anxiety compared with males. This study was conducted on a sample of 160 participants (80 girls and 80 boys) students in the fourth year of secondary school. The instruments used in the research include: scale of stressful life events for children and adolescents – Stress-D, and the Scale for anxiety for children and adolescents – SCAD-62. The results showed that stressful life events were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms (r= .962, p<.01). Also, the symptoms of anxiety are closely associated with medical (F,24,135= .871, p<.05) and family stressful events (F,24,135= 2.017, p<.05). There were significant relationship between medical stressful life events and gender (p= .045), and social stressful life events and gender (p= .001). On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between academic stressful life events and gender (p= .944), and family stressful life events and gender (p= .564). In conclusion, the results of the study show that females have higher level of anxiety compared with males (r= .985, p<.01). The results show that there is a significant relationship between specific types of stressful life events, including those related to physical health and family which discord the anxiety during the period of adolescence.

Prevalence of Serious Emotional Disturbance in Children and Adolescents

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Friedman ◽  
Judith W. Katz-Leavy ◽  
Ronald W. Manderscheid ◽  
Diane L. Sondheimer
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Serious Emotional Disturbance

scholarly journals A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary, Personalized, Lifestyle Intervention Program is Associated with Increased Leukocyte Telomere Length in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2682
Author(s):  
George Paltoglou ◽  
Christina Raftopoulou ◽  
Nicolas C. Nicolaides ◽  
Sofia M. Genitsaridi ◽  
Sofia I. Karampatsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention Program

Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is a robust marker of biological aging and is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. We investigated the effect of a structured, comprehensive, multidisciplinary, personalized, lifestyle intervention program of healthy diet and physical exercise on LTL in 508 children and adolescents (239 males, 269 females; 282 prepubertal, 226 pubertal), aged 10.14 ± 0.13 years. Participants were classified as obese (n = 267, 52.6%), overweight (n = 174, 34.2%), or of normal BMI (n = 67, 13.2%) according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoff points and were studied prospectively for one year. We demonstrated that LTL increased significantly after 1 year of the lifestyle interventions, irrespective of gender, pubertal status, or body mass index (BMI). Waist circumference was the best negative predictor of LTL at initial assessment. The implementation of the lifestyle interventions also resulted in a significant improvement in clinical (BMI, BMI z-score and waist to height ratio) and body composition indices of obesity, inflammatory markers, hepatic enzymes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and lipid profile in all participants. These findings indicate that the increased LTL may be associated with a more favorable metabolic profile and decreased morbidity later in life.

scholarly journals Health Inequalities in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7739
Author(s):  
Miriam Blume ◽  
Petra Rattay ◽  
Stephanie Hoffmann ◽  
Jacob Spallek ◽  
Lydia Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Scoping Reviews

This scoping review systematically mapped evidence of the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents (6–18 years) in countries with developed economies in Europe and North America. We conducted a systematic scoping review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. Evidence was synthesized narratively. Of the 12,403 records initially identified, 50 articles were included in the synthesis. The included studies were conducted in the United States (n = 27), Europe (n = 18), Canada (n = 3), or in multiple countries combined (n = 2). We found that mental health was the most frequently assessed health outcome. The included studies reported that different family characteristics mediated or moderated health inequalities. Parental mental health, parenting practices, and parent-child-relationships were most frequently examined, and were found to be important mediating or moderating factors. In addition, family conflict and distress were relevant family characteristics. Future research should integrate additional health outcomes besides mental health, and attempt to integrate the complexity of families. The family characteristics identified in this review represent potential starting points for reducing health inequalities in childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Reduced level of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with depression and anxiety levels: an internet-based survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo José Puccinelli ◽  
Taline Santos da Costa ◽  
Aldo Seffrin ◽  
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽  
Rodrigo Luiz Vancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a strong negative impact on economic and social life worldwide. It has also negatively influenced people’s general health and quality of life. The aim of the present study was to study the impact of social distancing on physical activity level, and the association between mood state (depression and anxiety level) or sex with actual physical activity levels, the change in physical activity caused by social distancing period, the adhesion level to social distancing, the adoption time of social distancing, family income and age. Methods A self-administered questionnaire with personal, quarantine, physical activity, and mood state disorders information’s was answered by 2140 Brazilians of both sex who were recruited through online advertising. Results The physical activity level adopted during the period of social distancing (3.5 ± 0.8) was lower than that the adopted prior to the pandemic period (2.9 ± 1.1, p < 0.001). Thirty percent of the participants presented symptoms of moderate/severe depression and 23.3% displayed moderate/severe anxiety symptoms. A greater presence of symptoms related to anxiety and depression were associated with low physical activity levels, low family monthly income, and younger age. A higher percentage of men who had no mood disorders was observed among those who were very active than among those less active. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on physical activity. Those who reduced their level of physical activity had the highest levels of mood disorders. Therefore, physical activity programs should be encouraged, while respecting the necessary social distancing to prevent the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

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