Post-mortem Study of Chronic Schizophrenic Brains

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Pakkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Stereological Method ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Central Grey Matter ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Age And Sex

Volume measurements were carried out on 29 brains from institutionalised, chronic schizophrenic patients and 30 age and sex-matched controls using a stereological method. The volumes of the total fixated brain, the hemispheres, the cortex, and the central grey matter of the schizophrenic brains were significantly reduced while the volumes of the ventricles were significantly enlarged compared with the control group. The patients had been diagnosed by a psychiatrist on the basis of their case records as having either a Type I or Type II syndrome according to the symptoms they presented in the first years of their disease. The Type II patients were found to have significantly enlarged ventricles compared with the Type I patients.

Comparison of Standard Locked-Ward Treatment Versus Open-Ward Rehabilitation Treatment for Chronic Schizophrenic Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (S24) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanhuai Fan ◽  
Jingkang Huang ◽  
Qihui Wu ◽  
Shaxi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Observation Scale ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Overall Functioning

A priority for psychiatric rehabilitation workers in China is to develop less-restrictive methods for managing the estimated 2500 chronically institutionalised patients who are symptomatically stable and have adequate psychosocial functioning but have no family members who are able or willing to take them home. We transferred 45 chronic schizophrenic male in-patients to an open-door rehabilitation ward where they were given as much freedom as possible and encouraged to take part in occupational, social, and recreational activities. The Nurses Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE) was used to compare the psychosocial functioning of the 43 patients who completed the year-long trial with that of 43 similar patients who received standard in-patient treatment on a locked ward. Over the year, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in overall functioning, whereas the control group showed no improvement. These findings suggest that open-door rehabilitation wards situated within the hospital can mobilise latent psychosocial functioning and may be a good method for re-introducing chronic schizophrenic patients in China back into the community.

scholarly journals Implications of Aerobic Exercises and Walking Parallel to Diabetes Medications on Diabetic Sportspersons

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Fehmida Ayub ◽  
Abida Naseer ◽  
Saeed Javed ◽  
Adnan Asghar ◽  
Abd Rahim Mohd Shariff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Diabetes have a central contribution with type I or type II towards the healthy lifestyles of sportspersons. Aerobic exercise and daily walking stay them fit and control their glucose levels in their bloodstream. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of aerobic exercises and walk on the sportspersons of type I and II diabetes. Methodology: The existing research has experimental design itself wherein pre-tests and post-tests were employed to make sure the novelty of results. The data was collected from the diabetic sportspersons dividing them equally into control group (N-20) and experimental group (N-20). Both groups had type I (N-20) and type II (N-20) diabetic individuals. Aerobic exercise and walk protocol was applied for six weeks on experimental group, whereas, control group continued their routine activities. Afterwards, the data was collected through pre and post treatments and edited into SPSS (v-26). The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages, whereas, T-test was applied to make the differences of pre and post treatments. Results: The findings has shown that aerobic exercises and walk decrease the higher levels of glucose in blood and enable to stable glycemic balance, weight loss maintenance, decrease insulin resistance, blood pressure decrease, and blood glucose control. Conclusion: The prominent differences were observed between control and experimental groups either type I or type II. It was concluded that the sportspersons may reduce the excessive glucose engaging in aerobic exercises and walk on daily basis rather than using medications. They should spend their happy lives and get rid of medications and insulin through spending their spare time using light exercises and maintain their glucose levels in blood as well.

Serum Prolactin Levels in Women with Gross Cystic Breast Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vizoso ◽  
M.T. Allende ◽  
J.L. García-Muñiz ◽  
E. Alexandre ◽  
A. Fueyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Disease ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Trh Stimulation ◽  
Gross Cystic Breast Disease ◽  
Premenopausal Patients ◽  
Normal Women

Serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations at baseline and after TRH stimulation were determined in 15 healthy women and in 51 premenopausal patients suffering from Gross Cystic Breast Disease. All women were in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and patients were divided into three groups according to cyst type at presentation. Basal hormone levels were within the normal range in the control group and in the three cystic breast disease groups. The maximum PRL response to TRH stimulation was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with type I cysts (low Na+/K+ intracystic ratio and apocrine epithelium) than in patients with type II cysts (high Na+/K+ intracystic ratio and flattened epithelium), type III cysts (intermediate Na+/K+ intracystic ratio and mixed epithelium) and in normal women. Serum PRL concentrations corresponding to samples obtained 60 and 90 minutes after stimulation remained higher in the first group of patients. These results led us to consider the existence of an altered central regulation of PRL secretion in patients with type I cysts at presentation.

Tardive Dyskinesia and Type II Schizophrenia

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. B. Davis ◽  
Milind Borde ◽  
L. N. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Male Patients

Cognitive impairment, negative and positive symptoms, primitive release reflexes, and age/temporal disorientation were assessed in 20 male patients meeting the DSM–III–R criteria for chronic schizophrenia and Schooler & Kane's criteria for TD. The control group comprised 20 age-matched male chronic schizophrenic patients without TD. Significant associations were found between TD, cognitive impairment, some negative symptoms, and formal thought disorder. These associations were independent of other illness and treatment variables. The severity of TD correlated significantly with that of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Serum Cortisol and DHEA-S Levels in Schizophrenic Patients with Different Response to Antipsychotic Therapy: Association with Psychopathology / Серумски Концентрации На Кортизол И DHEA-S Кал Пациенти Со Шизофренша Со Различен Одговор На Антипсихотичната Терапша Асоци.1Аци.1А Со Психопатологшата

PRILOZI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoja Babinkostova ◽  
Branislav Stefanovski ◽  
Danijela Janicevic-Ivanovska ◽  
Valentina Samardziska ◽  
Lila Stojanovska
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background: Previous studies suggested that alterations in serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Imbalance in serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels may be related to responsivity to antipsychotic treatment. Aim: To compare serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and to evaluate their association with psychopathology in schizophrenic patients with different response to antipsychotic treatment. Material and Methods: This clinical prospective study included 60 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy age and sex matched controls. All patients experienced an acute exacerbation of the illness (PANSS: P1 and P3 ≥ 4). Clinical evaluation of patients was performed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. A questionnaire for socio-demographic and clinical data collection was used. For the purposes of the study, the examined group was divided in two subgroups: responders and nonresponders. Serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels were measuredat baseline in all participants and after 3 and 6 weeks of the antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Results: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels comparedwith control group. Responders had significantly higher serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels compared with nonresponders. Responders group had significant correlation between serum cortisol and PANSS positive scale score as well as between hostility and serum DHEA-S. Conclusion: Elevated serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Serum cortisol and DHEA-S are associated with psychopathology in schizophrenic patients with different response to antipsychotic therapy.

scholarly journals Is there a relationship between Lund-Mackay scale, olfactory bulb depth and width, and Keros classification in patients with nasal polyps?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Ziya Şencan ◽  
Nuray Bayar Muluk ◽  
Mikail Inal ◽  
Selmin Perihan Kömürcü Erkmen ◽  
Ela Cömert
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract OBJECTIVE. We investigated the relationship between Lund-Mackay scale, olfactory bulb depth and width, and Keros classification in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this retrospective study, paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNSCT) images of 47 patients with CRSwNP and 47 healthy subjects (control) were evaluated. In the CRSwNP group, PNSCT scans were assessed based on Lund-Mackay scale. In both groups, olfactory fossae (OF) depth and width, and Keros classification were evaluated. RESULTS. The total Lund-Mackay score was 17.1±5.9. There were no significant differences between OF depth and width values of the nasal polyps group and control group. For both groups, Type II Keros was the most detected type; secondly, Keros type I and rarely Keros type III were detected. There was no significant correlation between Lund-Mackay score (All items and total score) and OF depth and width, and Keros type. There were negative correlations between ipsilateral OF depth and width (p<0.05), whereas there were positive correlations between contralateral OF depth and width (p>0.05). Keros type was positively correlated between ipsilateral and contralateral OF depth and Keros type (p<0.05). In older patients, left OF depth and Keros type decreased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION. As a conclusion, there was no correlation between Lund-Mackay score and olfactory fossa dimensions (depth and width). When considering age, one could notice that Keros type decreased in older patients.

scholarly journals The severity of developmental dysplasia of the hip does not correlate with the abnormality in pelvic incidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongshan Cheng ◽  
Muyin Huang ◽  
Willem Alexander Kernkamp ◽  
Huiwu Li ◽  
Zhenan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developmental Dysplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dysplasia Of The Hip

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the severity of Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and the abnormality in pelvic incidence (PI). Methods This was a retrospective study analyzing 53 DDH patients and 53 non-DDH age-matched controls. Computed tomography images were used to construct three-dimensional pelvic model. The Crowe classification was used to classify the severity of DDH. The midpoint of the femoral head centers and sacral endplates were projected to the sagittal plane of the pelvis. The PI was defined as the angle between a line perpendicular to the sacral plate at its midpoint and a line connecting this point to the axis of the femoral heads. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the differences between the PI of DDH group and the non-DDH controls group. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to determine the correlation between the severity of DDH and PI. Results Patients with DDH had a significantly (p = 0.041) higher PI than the non-DDH controls (DDH 47.6 ± 8.2°, normal 44.2 ± 8.8°). Crowe type I patients had a significantly (p = 0.038) higher PI (48.2 ± 7.6°) than the non-DDH controls. No significant difference between the PI in Crowe type II or III patients and the PI in non-DDH controls were found (Crowe type II, 50.2 ± 9.6°, p = 0.073; Crowe type III, 43.8 ± 7.2°, p = 0.930). No correlation was found between the severity of DDH and the PI (r = 0.091, p = 0.222). Conclusions No correlation was found between the severity of DDH and the PI. The study confirmed that the PI in DDH (Crowe type I) group was higher than that of the non-DDH control group, while the PI does not correlate with the severity of DDH.

A Behavioural Training Programme for Chronic Schizophrenic Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (S24) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Li ◽  
Mingde Wang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Experimental Group

This paper discusses the effectiveness of an in-patient rehabilitation programme administered by nurses that combines life skills training, active encouragement, and a token economy. Fifty-two chronic schizophrenic patients with prominent negative symptoms who had been continuously in hospital for at least a year were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The training and associated reinforcement schedule were administered daily to experimental subjects by two specially trained rehabilitation nurses. Control subjects did not receive training or reinforcement but were individually asked to perform the same daily tasks and participate in the same activities as the experimental-group subjects. Patients in both groups received their previous dosage of medication throughout the trial. After three months the severity of negative symptoms, as assessed by blind evaluators, decreased in both groups of subjects, but the improvement in the experimental group was much greater than that in the control group. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of behavioural interventions for chronic schizophrenic in-patients in China and highlight the importance of changing the role of Chinese psychiatric nurses from that of custodians who control patients' behaviour to that of therapists who provide psychological and behavioural treatment.

scholarly journals Criminal Behaviour among Schizophrenics

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry T. Chuang ◽  
Richard Williams ◽  
J. Thomas Dalby
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Violent Offense ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Criminal Charges ◽  
Antisocial Personality Traits ◽  
Age And Sex

This study compared the criminal behaviour of schizophrenic patients with a group of hospitalized medical patients who were matched on the basis of age and sex. In addition to the typically employed dependent measure of offense conviction, this study also examined antisocial personality traits, undetected criminal behaviours, criminal charges, and incarceration. No significant differences between the groups were found across offense type (against property, against persons, victimless and motor vehicle violations). Schizophrenic patients, however, were found to be at greater risk for being victims of a violent offense when compared to the control group which seemed to be at a greater risk for becoming victims of non-violent crime.

Low sulphur content in atrophied human skeletal muscle: an electron probe X-ray microanalytical study

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-635
Author(s):  
R. Wróblewski ◽  
W. Gremski ◽  
G. M. Roomans ◽  
R. Nordemar ◽  
L. Edström
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fibre Typing ◽  
Fast Twitch

Many diseases of the human skeletal muscle involve an atrophy of the muscle fibres. In some cases mainly one of the fibre types is affected. The fibre typing system used in this study is that of Padykula and Herman, 1955 and distinguishes between type I fibres which presumably correspond to the slow-twitch fibres and type II fibres which are the fast-twitch fibres. The type II fibres can be divided into type II A, II B and II C fibres. Recent advances in instrumentation and tissue preparation have permitted an investigation of the elemental composition of individual muscle fibres of known fibre type with the aim of comparing healthy and atrophied muscle fibres.In this study we have examined ten patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, two patients suffering from Parkinson's disease and two patients with upper motor lesions. As a control group we have examined muscles from eight healthy controls of the same age.

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