Significance of Extreme Temperament in Infancy for Clinical Status in Preschool Years

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Maziade ◽  
Robert Côté ◽  
Hugues Bernier ◽  
Pierrette Boutin ◽  
Jacques Thivierge
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Family Attitudes ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between extreme temperament in infancy and clinical status at 4.7 years of age was studied in temperamentally different groups of infants matched for sex and SES, and subselected from a large birth cohort representative of the general population. The effects of certain dimensions of family functioning and of other risk factors were examined. By itself, extremely difficult temperament in infancy had no strong direct association with clinical outcome at four years of age, whereas temperament assessed at four, family attitudes to discipline, and stressful events did. However, extreme temperament in infancy might indirectly affect outcome through its association with temperament at four. The interplay between adverse temperament and parental attitudes of discipline previously observed in middle childhood might have antecedents in preschool years.

scholarly journals Detection of Midline Shift from CT Scans to Predict Outcome in Patients with Head Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Ikhlas Abdelaziz ◽  
Rowa Aljondi ◽  
Ali Alhailiy ◽  
Mustafa Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The present study aimed to detect the degree of midline shift from CT scans and the clinical status of the patient, to evaluate the relationship between the degree of midline shift found by the CT scan and GCS score as a predictor of clinical outcome in head injury patients. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the relationship between midline shift and age, sex, and causes. Methods and Results: The study included 50 subjects (36 males and 14 females). The age range of the patients in this study was 18–95 years old (mean age of 48.34±17.02 years). The inclusion criteria were patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or patients evaluated for level of consciousness by a neurosurgeon. Toshiba 16 Slice CT scanner (Toshiba Medical Systems, Nasu, Japan 2003) was used to scan all patients in the supine, head first position. Contiguous 2 mm slices were obtained using the Toshiba 16-slice machine spiral technique (pitch 1.25–1.5, 0.75 s rotation time, 120 KvP, 2 mm reconstruction interval). The results indicated that the degree of midline shift in patients with brain injuries was statistically significant as a determinant of clinical outcome. It appeared that the probability of poor clinical outcome was higher when there was a combination of midline shift and other types of intracranial hemorrhage, clinical factors, such as sex, age, and GCS score, and associated injuries. The worst outcome was seen in patients with midline shift and subdural hematoma, when compared with other lesions in patients with brain injuries. Conclusion: This study suggests that the degree of midline shift may be predictive of clinical outcome in patients with head injuries.

scholarly journals Victimisation in adults with severe mental illness: Prevalence and risk factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte D. de Mooij ◽  
Martijn Kikkert ◽  
Nick M. Lommerse ◽  
Jaap Peen ◽  
Sabine C. Meijwaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Sheltered Housing ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Violent Victimisation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Housing Facility

BackgroundPatients with a severe mental illness (SMI) are more likely to experience victimisation than the general population.AimsTo examine the prevalence of victimisation in people with SMI, and the relationship between symptoms, treatment facility and indices of substance use/misuse and perpetration, in comparison with the general population.MethodVictimisation was assessed among both randomly selected patients with SMI (n = 216) and the general population (n=10 865).ResultsCompared with the general population, a high prevalence of violent victimisation was found among the SMI group (22.7% v. 8.5%). Compared with out-patients and patients in a sheltered housing facility, in-patients were most often victimised (violent crimes: 35.3%; property crimes: 47.1%). Risk factors among the SMI group for violent victimisation included young age and disorganisation, and risk factors for property crimes included being an in-patient, disorganisation and cannabis use. The SMI group were most often assaulted by someone they knew.ConclusionsCaregivers should be aware that patients with SMI are at risk of violent victimisation. Interventions need to be developed to reduce this vulnerability.

scholarly journals Self-reported psychotic symptoms in the general population

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Wiles ◽  
Stanley Zammit ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Nicola Singleton ◽  
Howard Meltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Small Primary ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Support

BackgroundScarce longitudinal data exist on the occurrence of psychotic symptoms in the general population.AimsTo estimate the incidence of, and risk factors for, self-reported psychotic symptoms in Great Britain.MethodData from the 18-month follow-up of a national survey were used. Incident cases were those who endorsed one or more items on the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire at follow-up, but not at baseline. The association between factors recorded at baseline and incident self-reported symptoms was examined.ResultsAt follow-up, 4.4% of the general population reported incident psychotic symptoms. Six factors were independently associated with incident symptoms: living in a rural area; having a small primary support group; more adverse life events; smoking tobacco; neurotic symptoms; and engaging in a harmful pattern of drinking.ConclusionsA small but not insignificant percentage of the population of Great Britain reported incident psychotic symptoms over 18 months. The risk factors for psychotic symptoms showed some similarities with risk factors for schizophrenia, but there were also some striking differences. The relationship between such risk factors and the factors that perpetuate psychotic symptoms remains to be ascertained.

scholarly journals The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Within the Dog Population in Croatia: Host Factors and Clinical Outcome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stevanovic ◽  
Irena Tabain ◽  
Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek ◽  
Maja Mauric Maljkovic ◽  
Iva Benvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Second Wave

Over a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infections among dogs are more common than previously thought. In this study, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was investigated in two dog population. The first group was comprised of 1069 dogs admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for any given reason. The second group included dogs that shared households with confirmed COVID-19 cases in humans. This study group numbered 78 dogs. In COVID-19 infected households, 43.9% tested ELISA positive, and neutralisation antibodies were detected in 25.64% of dogs. Those data are comparable with the secondary attack rate in the human population. With 14.69% of dogs in the general population testing ELISA positive, there was a surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections within the dog population amid the second wave of the pandemic. Noticeably seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the dog and the human population did not differ at the end of the study period. Male sex, breed and age were identified as significant risk factors. This study gives strong evidence that while acute dog infections are mostly asymptomatic, they can pose a significant risk to dog health. Seropositive dogs had a 1.97 times greater risk for developing central nervous symptoms.

scholarly journals The relationship between adolescent depressive symptomology and substance abuse

Curationis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Blore ◽  
S. Schulze ◽  
A.C. Lessing
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
South African ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
African Context ◽  
The Relationship

The research aimed to investigate the phenomena of adolescent depressive symptomology, substance abuse and the relationship between the two phenomena in a South African context. The influence of moderator variables was also examined. Another objective was to determine risk factors for the before mentioned. This was done by using a questionnaire with a sample of 1298 conveniently selected adolescents in a South African high school. It was determined that adolescents become progressively unhappier from 13 to 17 years of age. Girls are more depressed than boys. This research also revealed that adolescent depressive symptomology is significantly and positively correlated with earlier age of onset of substance abuse as well as frequency of usage. There appear to be no gender differences in substance abuse but teenagers from different ethnic and language groups differ in their use of substances. Risk factors for depression and substance abuse included a conflict relationship with parents, the experience of major stressful events, dissatisfaction with school grades and friends’ use of substances.

scholarly journals Serum Parathyroid Hormone Is a New Potential Risk Factor in Multiple Myeloma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Gu Kang ◽  
Eun-Jeong Won ◽  
Hyun-Woo Choi ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jung Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Serum Pth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pth Level

We hypothesized that serum PTH might be associated with various clinicopathological parameters in multiple myeloma (MM). So we investigated the implications of serum PTH in MM patients and the relationship with other risk factors of MM. A total of 115 patients who were newly diagnosed with MM were enrolled. Serum PTH level was 24.7 ± 34.9 (ranged 0.0–284.1) pg/mL. Serum levels of IgG, IgM, FLC-lambda, albumin, and LDH were in positive correlation with serum PTH. Compared to non-high PTH (<68.3 pg/mL) group, the hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival was higher for group with high PTH level (≥68.3 pg/mL) (HR, 1.710). Furthermore, the patient group with high PTH level showed inferior progression-free survival than non-high PTH group (P=0.056). Interestingly, subgroup analysis showed that serum PTH level at diagnosis was associated with risk factors and clinical outcome in MM patients, especially in complete remission group, transplantation cases, ISS stage II cases, and cases without chromosome abnormality. In conclusion, this study showed that blood PTH level in MM at diagnosis was associated with risk factors and clinical outcome in MM patients.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and the Perception of General Health among Male Law Enforcement Officers: Encouraging Behavioral Change

AAOHN Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Ramey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
General Population ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
General Health ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship among cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity, risk factors (including stress), and the perception of health among male law enforcement officers (LEOs) compared to men in the general population were examined in this study. Self reported prevalence of CVD and CVD risk factors among currently employed male LEOs from nine states (n = 2,818) were compared to those of other men in the same states (n = 9,650 for CVD risk factors, n = 3,147 for CVD prevalence). Perceived stress in LEOs was assessed to determine if it affected the relationship between CVD prevalence and CVD risk factors. Cross tabulated simple percentages showed CVD was less prevalent in the LEO group than among the general population. The best predictor variables for CVD were perceived stress, time in the profession, and hypertension. The LEO group had greater prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, overweight, and tobacco use than the general population. However, a greater percentage of LEOs perceived their health as “good to excellent” compared to men in the general population. Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) it was determined that perceived stress was associated with CVD in the LEO group and three CVD risk factors (i.e., cholesterol, hypertension, physical activity) were significantly affected by perceived stress. Among susceptible officers, stress may contribute to CVD development as well as potentiate several CVD risk factors. However, an apparent lack of association exists between perception of general health and CVD risk in LEOs.

scholarly journals Relationship between FEV1 and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in General Population without Airflow Limitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jeong Hyeon Lee ◽  
Yun-Seong Kang ◽  
Yun-Jeong Jeong ◽  
Young-Soon Yoon ◽  
Won Gun Kwack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
General Population ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. We aimed to determine the value of lung function measurement for predicting cardiovascular (CV) disease by evaluating the association between FEV1 (%) and CV risk factors in general population. Materials and Methods. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study of subjects above 18 years of age who underwent health examinations. The relationship between FEV1 (%) and presence of carotid plaque and thickened carotid IMT (≥0.8 mm) was analyzed by multiple logistic regression, and the relationship between FEV1 (%) and PWV (%), and serum uric acid was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Various factors were adjusted by using Model 1 and Model 2. Results. 1,003 subjects were enrolled in this study and 96.7% (n=970) of the subjects were men. In both models, the odds ratio of the presence of carotid plaque and thickened carotid IMT had no consistent trend and statistical significance. In the analysis of the PWV (%) and uric acid, there was no significant relationship with FEV1 (%) in both models. Conclusion. FEV1 had no significant relationship with CV risk factors. The result suggests that FEV1 may have no association with CV risk factors or may be insensitive to detecting the association in general population without airflow limitation.

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