Suicidal Head Injuries

1943 ◽  
Vol 89 (374) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Guttmann
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Frontal Lesions

Damage to the frontal lobe is liable to produce personality changes; it is highly probable that lesions have to be bilateral to have this effect. But beyond that, there is little agreement about type, extent and localization within the frontal lobe of the lesions which are followed by personality change. Little is known about the different types of clinical picture caused by bilateral frontal lesions. In a certain proportion of the cases euphoria is the most impressive symptom, and it is for this reason that operations on the frontal lobes have been proposed in the treatment of depressions. (Lit., see Hutton.) The value of the procedure is still under discussion, and its theoretical foundation is far from being understood. This is not surprising, for if one tries to analyse such an operation, one has to take into account at least four variables: the patient's previous personality, his mental illness, the psycho-physiological effect of the lesion, and the psychological effect of operation, nursing care and environmental changes. The cerebral factor is obviously the most interesting one; to judge its importance one tends to interpret the operative results in the light of experience after other frontal operations or injuries.

A Comparison of the Psychological Effects of Different Types of Operations on the Frontal Lobes

1952 ◽  
Vol 98 (411) ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asenath Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Psychiatric Department

Three years ago at the last International Congress of Psychology I reported on a preliminary investigation of personality changes after the usual standard prefrontal leucotomy. This investigation was carrried out on 20 neurotic patients before and three months after the operation performed by Mr. McKissock (McKissock, 1943). An extensive group of objective personality tests were chosen to define the factors of “Neuroticism” and “Introversion” as described by Eysenck (1947), which to all intents and purposes are equivalent to Cattell's (1950) factors C and F. In addition, the following intelligence tests were used: the Wechsler Scale, Porteus Mazes, and the proverbs from the Stanford Binet. The changes found provided us with some evidence in support of the hypothesis with which the investigation had been planned. This was that as a result of this type of incision in the frontal lobe there was a decrease in “Neuroticism,” a decrease in “Introversion” and a decrease in certain aspects of intelligence (Petrie, 1949a).Since then a further 50 patients have been examined before and after operations on the frontal lobes, bringing the total to 70. Most of these were severe neurotics attending the psychiatric department of Dr. Desmond Curran at St. George's Hospital, London. Only those changes will be referred to as an alteration in personality where the probability is less than one in twenty that they could have occurred by chance.

Enzyme Immobilization on Nanomaterials for Biosensor and Biocatalyst in Food and Biomedical Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 2661-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundaresan Bhavaniramya ◽  
Ramar Vanajothi ◽  
Selvaraju Vishnupriya ◽  
Kumpati Premkumar ◽  
Mohammad S. Al-Aboody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simple Processing ◽  
Biomedical Industry

Enzymes exhibit a great catalytic activity for several physiological processes. Utilization of immobilized enzymes has a great potential in several food industries due to their excellent functional properties, simple processing and cost effectiveness during the past decades. Though they have several applications, they still exhibit some challenges. To overcome the challenges, nanoparticles with their unique physicochemical properties act as very attractive carriers for enzyme immobilization. The enzyme immobilization method is not only widely used in the food industry but is also a component methodology in the pharmaceutical industry. Compared to the free enzymes, immobilized forms are more robust and resistant to environmental changes. In this method, the mobility of enzymes is artificially restricted to changing their structure and properties. Due to their sensitive nature, the classical immobilization methods are still limited as a result of the reduction of enzyme activity. In order to improve the enzyme activity and their properties, nanomaterials are used as a carrier for enzyme immobilization. Recently, much attention has been directed towards the research on the potentiality of the immobilized enzymes in the food industry. Hence, the present review emphasizes the different types of immobilization methods that is presently used in the food industry and other applications. Various types of nanomaterials such as nanofibers, nanoflowers and magnetic nanoparticles are significantly used as a support material in the immobilization methods. However, several numbers of immobilized enzymes are used in the food industries to improve the processing methods which not only reduce the production cost but also the effluents from the industry.

scholarly journals A business transformation model to enhance the sustainability of small-sized family businesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Anita Wijayanti ◽  
Massila Kamalrudin ◽  
Safiah Sidek ◽  
Kartika Hendra Titisari
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Observation Period

Business transformation is essential to making the small-sized family business more sustainable. Technological and environmental changes have radically transformed the way of doing business. Business transformation into digital business is the key to success in these conditions. On the other hand, some of the previous studies of business transformation in several countries and industries show different empirical evidence. This study analyzes the transformation process in a small-sized family business. This is a case study of 15 small-sized family businesses with four different types of industry, with an interview and observation period of 12 months in 2019–2020. This study has formulated a business transformation model for a small-sized family business and presented the results of the transformation process carried out. The research results indicate that a business transformation model consists of several attributes and sub-attributes. Business transformation results indicate different processes and times between companies. In general, the transformation process can be grouped into the exploration, learning, and synchronizing stages. The industry with the fastest transformation process is the hospitality industry, while the manufacturing process for the industry takes a bit longer. The results of this study indicate that business transformation has improved the sustainability of a small-sized family business that is characterized by its ability to adapt to changing technology and environmental conditions.

Epilepsy and Arson

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Carpenter ◽  
Alan L. King
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Direct Result

A man temporarily developed an organic personality change, psychosis and epilepsy after a frontal lobe operation for a subarachnoid haemorrhage. While affected, he set fire to his house. The arson is thought to have been a direct result of a seizure. The case and its legal management are discussed.

scholarly journals Individual and group level personality change across the lifespan in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borbála Turcsán ◽  
Lisa Wallis ◽  
Judit Berczik ◽  
Friederike Range ◽  
Enikő Kubinyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Random Fashion ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
Related Personality

Abstract In humans, age-related changes in personality occur in a non-random fashion with respect to their direction, timing, and magnitude. In dogs, there are still gaps in our knowledge about the detailed dynamics of age-related personality changes. We analysed the personality of 217 Border collies aged from 0.5 to 15 years both cross-sectionally and longitudinally using a test battery, to specify age periods when changes most prominently occur, assess the magnitude of changes, and analyse individual differences in personality change. We found that similar to humans, changes in personality occur unevenly during the dogs’ life course, however, their dynamics seems to be specific for each trait. Activity-independence decreased mostly from puppyhood (0.5–1 years) to adolescence (> 1–2 years), then continued to decrease in a slowing rate. Novelty seeking did not change markedly until middle age (> 3–6 years), then showed a steady linear decrease. Problem orientation increased strongly until middle age then showed no marked changes in later age periods. We also revealed individual differences in personality change over time, and showed that a few individuals with potential age-related impairments significantly affected the general age trajectory of some traits. These results raise caution against the over-generalisation of global age trends in dogs.

Verbal and design fluency in patients with frontal lobe lesions

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA V. BALDO ◽  
ARTHUR P. SHIMAMURA ◽  
DEAN C. DELIS ◽  
JOEL KRAMER ◽  
EDITH KAPLAN
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Verbal Fluency Task ◽  
Frontal Lobe Lesions ◽  
Design Fluency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Frontal Lesions ◽  
Fluency Task

The ability to generate items belonging to categories in verbal fluency tasks has been attributed to frontal cortex. Nonverbal fluency (e.g., design fluency) has been assessed separately and found to rely on the right hemisphere or right frontal cortex. The current study assessed both verbal and nonverbal fluency in a single group of patients with focal, frontal lobe lesions and age- and education-matched control participants. In the verbal fluency task, participants generated items belonging to both letter cues (F, A, and S) and category cues (animals and boys' names). In the design fluency task, participants generated novel designs by connecting dot arrays with 4 straight lines. A switching condition was included in both verbal and design fluency tasks and required participants to switch back and forth between different sets (e.g., between naming fruits and furniture). As a group, patients with frontal lobe lesions were impaired, compared to control participants, on both verbal and design fluency tasks. Patients with left frontal lesions performed worse than patients with right frontal lesions on the verbal fluency task, but the 2 groups performed comparably on the design fluency task. Both patients and control participants were impacted similarly by the switching conditions. These results suggest that verbal fluency is more dependent on left frontal cortex, while nonverbal fluency tasks, such as design fluency, recruit both right and left frontal processes. (JINS, 2001, 7, 586–596.)

Changes in wild red squirrel personality across ontogeny: activity and aggression regress towards the mean

Behaviour ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (10) ◽  
pp. 1291-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Kelley ◽  
M.M. Humphries ◽  
A.G. McAdam ◽  
Stan Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Behavioural Syndrome ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
The Individual

Both juvenile and adult animals display stable behavioural differences (personality), but lifestyles and niches may change as animals mature, raising the question of whether personality changes across ontogeny. Here, we use a wild population of red squirrels to examine changes in activity and aggression from juvenile to yearling life stages. Personality may change at the individual level (individual stability), population level (mean level stability), and relative to other individuals (differential stability). We calculated all three types of stability, as well as the structural stability of the activity–aggression behavioural syndrome. Within individuals, both activity and aggression scores regressed towards the mean. Differential stability was maintained for activity, but not aggression. Structural stability was maintained; however, the activity–aggression correlation increased in squirrels that gained territories later in the season. These results suggest that personality undergoes some changes as animals mature, and that the ontogeny of personality can be linked to environmental changes.

Subjectively perceived personality and mood changes associated with subthalamic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Lewis ◽  
F. Maier ◽  
N. Horstkötter ◽  
A. Zywczok ◽  
K. Witt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Stn Dbs

BackgroundClinical and ethical implications of personality and mood changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) are under debate. Although subjectively perceived personality changes are often mentioned by patients and caregivers, few empirical studies concerning these changes exist. Therefore, we analysed subjectively perceived personality and mood changes in STN-DBS PD patients.MethodIn this prospective study of the ELSA-DBS group, 27 PD patients were assessed preoperatively and 1 year after STN-DBS surgery. Two categories, personality and mood changes, were analysed with semi-structured interviews. Patients were grouped into personality change yes/no, as well as positive/negative mood change groups. Caregivers were additionally interviewed about patients’ personality changes. Characteristics of each group were assessed with standard neurological and psychiatric measurements. Predictors for changes were analysed.ResultsPersonality changes were perceived by six of 27 (22%) patients and by 10 of 23 caregivers (44%). The preoperative hypomania trait was a significant predictor for personality change perceived by patients. Of 21 patients, 12 (57%) perceived mood as positively changed. Higher apathy and anxiety ratings were found in the negative change group.ConclusionsOur results show that a high proportion of PD patients and caregivers perceived personality changes under STN-DBS, emphasizing the relevance of this topic. Mood changed in positive and negative directions. Standard measurement scales failed to adequately reflect personality or mood changes subjectively perceived by patients. A more individualized preoperative screening and preparation for patients and caregivers, as well as postoperative support, could therefore be useful.

Perception of Building Occupants on the use of Generating Sets

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
A.B Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Generating Sets ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Quota Sampling

Poor power supply is a major bottleneck to the technological development of the country and this has forced building occupants to shift to dependence on generating sets of different types and brand which subject its users to myriad of effects. This study was aimed at assessing perception of the users of generators in buildings on the effects associated with its usage in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. The study area was divided into core, transition and suburban residential zones. Multistage and quota sampling techniques were used to select respondents sampled in residential and commercial buildings respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse data collected. The study showed that 50.29%, 51.19%, 45.90% of residential buildings’ respondents in the core, transition and suburban zone while 56.41%, 43.33% and 42.86% of occupants of commercial buildings in the corresponding core, transition and suburban zone indicated that hearing problem was the most physiological effect that the use of generating sets exposed them to. Cut injuries from the elcetro-mechanical components of generating sets were the most prominent injuries had by the occupants of residential buildings while irritation of the eyes during refueling was the most significant effect had by respondents in the commercial buildings. High cost of fuel and damage to electrical appliances were the most uncomfortable indicator with uncomfortability index of 0.804 and 0.776 in residential and commercial buildings respectively. The study also found that the use of generating sets had caused structional, functional and aesthetical effects on the building elements. It was recommended that there is dire need on the part of government to enhance environmental sustainability by provision of sustainable energy sources to buildings in view of the effects associated with the use of generating sets.

Selling and the Salesman: Prediction of Success and Personality Change

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1175-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen A. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Short Selling ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Attitude Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Sales Success

By administering a personality inventory and attitude questionnaire to 201 college-student salesmen prior to and after a selling experience, an attempt was made to (1) measure the predictive value of several personality and attitudinal variables in regard to sales success and (2) assess any personality changes after a short selling period. None of the main predictor variables (Extraversion, Self-esteem, and Machiavellianism) correlated significantly with the two criteria of sales success. Combining the variables via a discriminant function analysis did not result in significant discrimination of sales success among salesmen. However, at the end of the selling period, all salesmen showed a significant increase on the extraversion ( p < .005) and self-esteem scales ( p < .005). Several possible explanations for these results were discussed.

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