Mortality in people with depressive, anxiety and alcohol use disorders in Finland

BackgroundMental disorders are associated with increased mortality, but population-based surveys with reliable diagnostic procedures controlling for somatic health status are scarce.AimsTo assess excess mortality associated with depressive, anxiety and alcohol use disorders and the principal causes of death.MethodIn a nationally representative sample of Finns aged 30–70 years, psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. After an 8-year follow-up period, vital status and cause of death of each participant was obtained from national registers.ResultsAfter adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health status and smoking, depressive (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.97) and alcohol use disorders (HR = 1.72) were statistically significantly associated with mortality. Risk of unnatural death was increased among individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders or alcohol dependence.ConclusionsIndividuals with depressive and alcohol use disorders have an increased mortality risk comparable with many chronic somatic conditions, that is only partly attributable to differences in sociodemographic, somatic health status and hazardous health behaviour.

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Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders in Mexico

Contemporary Drug Problems ◽

10.1177/009145090703400303 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 389-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guilherme Borges ◽

María Elena Medina-Mora ◽

Carmen Lara ◽

Joaquín Zambrano ◽

Corina Benjet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Service Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

The Past ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Low Prevalence

We provide information on prevalence rates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders, as well as service utilization among persons that present with alcohol abuse or dependence in Mexico. The data were collected in 2001 and 2002 in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey. The sample design was stratified, using a computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The response rate was 76.6%, for a total of 5,826 interviews; 86.2% of the population had ever tried alcohol and 43.5% drank in the past 12 months. Lifetime abuse or dependence was reported by 7.6% of the population, and in the past 12 months by 2.0%. Only 30.9% of all respondents with an alcohol use disorder had ever used any treatment service, and then after several years' delay. The low prevalence of service use is a matter of great concern in Mexico. Extension of services, increasing the number of health professionals in this area and more diverse and appropriate treatment programs are urgently needed.

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Trastornos mentales y consumo de drogas en la población víctima del conflicto armado en tres ciudades de Colombia

Biomédica ◽

10.7705/biomedica.v38i0.3890 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 77-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guillermo Castaño ◽

Gloria Sierra ◽

Daniela Sánchez ◽

Yolanda Torres ◽

Carolina Salas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Identification Test ◽

Salud Mental

Introducción. La violencia en sus diferentes modalidades incrementa el riesgo de trastornos mentales y de consumo de drogas.Objetivos. Estimar la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales, del uso y abuso de drogas, así como los factores asociados en víctimas de desplazamiento forzado en tres ciudades colombianas.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de prevalencia en una muestra de 1.026 personas entre los 13 y los 65 años de edad, a quienes se entrevistó utilizando el instrumento Composite International Diagnostic Interview y el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, así como un cuestionario sobre el consumo de drogas modificado a partir de la encuesta del Sistema Interamericano de Datos Uniformes sobre Drogas de la Comisión Interamericana para el Control del Abuso de Drogas de la Organización de Estados Americanos, y otro sobre aspectos relacionados con el desplazamiento forzado. El análisis se hizo mediante el programa estadístico SPSS™, versión 21.Resultados. La prevalencia de vida de los trastornos mentales fue la siguiente: fobia específica, 17,7 %; depresión mayor, 16,4 %; estrés postraumático, 9,9 %; trastorno oposicionista desafiante, 8,9 %; ansiedad por separación, 7,2 %; trastornos de conducta, 5,8 %, y déficit de atención, 5,6 %. La prevalencia de vida del consumo de alcohol fue de 68,7 %; de tabaco, 31,3 %, de marihuana, 11,2 %, de cocaína, 3,5 %, de basuco, 2,0 %, de inhalables, 2,3 %, y de medicamentos ansiolíticos sin receta, 2,5 %, en tanto que 0,7 % de los entrevistados se había inyectado drogas. El presentar cualquiera de los trastornos mentales se asoció con el sexo femenino (odds ratio, OR=1,61; IC95% 1,21-2,14), así como el haber sido sometido a más de un desplazamiento forzado (OR=1,47; IC95 1,05-2,05). El consumo de cualquiera de las drogas se asoció con ser hombre (OR=5,38; IC95% 2,35-12,34).Conclusiones. La alta prevalencia de trastornos mentales y de consumo de drogas en la población estudiada, comparada con la población general, constituye un problema de salud pública que justifica el diseño de planes y la implementación de programas orientados a la recuperación de su bienestar y salud mental.

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Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-210078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

pp. 856-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sören Kuitunen-Paul ◽

Michael Roerecke

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Moderate Drinking ◽

Identification Test ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Meta Analyses

BackgroundWe summarise the evidence for an association between screening scores from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and all-cause mortality.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, prospective cohort studies reporting all-cause mortality risk by AUDIT scores (complete AUDIT-10 or AUDIT-C) were identified through MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science up to September 2016. Risk estimates were pooled using random effects meta-analyses.ResultsSeven observational studies with 18 920 observed deaths among 309 991 participants were identified. At-risk drinking (ie, hazardous/harmful consumption, AUDIT-10 ≥8 and AUDIT-C ≥4) was associated with elevated mortality risk after 2–10 years of follow-up (pooled relative risk (RR)=1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.37) compared with moderate drinking (AUDIT-10=1–7, AUDIT-C=1–3). Compared to past year abstainers (AUDIT=0), moderate drinkers had a lower mortality risk (RR=0.75, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.79) in US Veterans and a similar mortality risk (RR=0.99, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.38) in population-based studies. Most data came from studies among Veterans using the short AUDIT-C in men and showed a dose–response relationship (RR=1.04, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.05 for each AUDIT-C score among drinkers). Data for women and young adults were scarce.ConclusionAUDIT screening scores were associated with mortality risk. The association was differential depending on the population examined, which may be related to prevalence of former drinkers among current abstainers. Due to heterogeneity between studies and the small number of populations examined, generalisability may be limited.

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Χρήση αλκοόλ και κοινές ψυχικές διαταραχές στην πρωβάθμια φροντίδα υγείας και στην κοινότητα

10.12681/eadd/39608 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Στέφανος Μπέλλος

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Clinical Interview ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Identification Test

ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ: Το αλκοόλ είναι παρόν σε όλα τα στάδια εξέλιξης του ανθρώπινου πολιτισμού, εδώ και τουλάχιστον 10000 χρόνια, αποτελώντας την πλέον διαδεδομένη ψυχοδραστική ουσία. Η επίδραση του αλκοόλ στην σωματική υγεία φαίνεται να είναι δοσοεξαρτώμενη και μη-γραμμική, “σχήματος-U”. Σε ότι αφορά την σχέση του αλκοόλ με την ψυχική υγεία η πλειονότητα των μελετών εστιάζεται στις καταστροφικές συνέπειες της βαριάς/προβληματικής χρήσης αλκοόλ ενώ τα δεδομένα που αφορούν την ήπια χρήση είναι περιορισμένα και αντικρουόμενα. ΣΤΟΧΟΣ της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση της σχέσης των διαφόρων επιπέδων χρήσης αλκοόλ με την κατάθλιψη και τις αγχώδεις διαταραχές. ΔΕΙΓΜΑ-ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ: Χρησιμοποιήθηκε α) δείγμα ασθενών ΠΦΥ από 14 χώρες που προσδιορίστηκε με διαστρωματοποιημένη δειγματοληψία (N=5438), ένα μέρος του οποίου, παρακολουθήθηκε διαχρονικά για ένα έτος (Ν=3201) και β) πανελλήνια αντιπροσωπευτικό δείγμα από την κοινότητα (N=4894). Η κατανάλωση αλκοόλ και τα προβλήματα από την χρήση αλκοόλ μετρήθηκαν με το εργαλείο AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Η ψυχιατρική νοσηρότητα προσδιορίστηκε με την βοήθεια δομημένων ψυχιατρικών συνεντεύξεων [Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) και Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R), αντίστοιχα για κάθε δείγμα].ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Η ήπια έως μέτρια χρήση αλκοόλ, που ορίζεται έως 280 γρ. καθαρής αλκοόλης την εβδομάδα για τους άνδρες και 140 γρ. για τις γυναίκες, είναι συχνότερη από την αποχή ή την προβληματική χρήση. Η ήπια έως μέτρια χρήση αλκοόλ δεν σχετίζεται με αυξημένη πιθανότητα παρουσίας κοινών ψυχιατρικών διαταραχών σε σχέση με την αποχή, ενώ υπάρχουν ενδείξεις ότι μπορεί να προφυλάσσει από την εμφάνιση τέτοιων συμπτωμάτων μεσοπρόθεσμα. Η σχέση μεταξύ κατανάλωσης μεγάλων ποσοτήτων αλκοόλ και παρουσίας κατάθλιψης ή αγχωδών διαταραχών διαμεσολαβείται σε σημαντικό βαθμό από την πρόκληση «προβλημάτων χρήσης αλκοόλ» ή συνδρόμου «εξάρτησης». Η βαριά κατανάλωση αλκοόλ από μόνη της, όταν δεν προκαλεί «διαταραχές χρήσης αλκοόλ», δεν σχετίζεται με αυξημένη παρουσία κοινών ψυχικών διαταραχών. Οι κοινωνικοδημογραφικοί και σχετιζόμενοι με την σωματική υγεία παράγοντες, επηρεάζουν ελαφρά την σχέση αλκοόλ και ψυχικής υγείας. Τα διάφορα επίπεδα χρήσης αλκοόλ σχετίζονται με μικρότερη πιθανότητα παρουσίας ψυχικών διαταραχών στους έχοντες οικονομικές δυσκολίες σε σχέση με όσους δεν αναφέρουν σημαντικές οικονομικές δυσκολίες, στους μεγαλύτερους ηλικιακά συμμετέχοντες (>40 ετών) και στους ασθενείς ΠΦΥ σε σχέση με τους συμμετέχοντες από την κοινότητα.ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ: Τα προβλήματα από την χρήση αλκοόλ (και όχι η βαριά κατανάλωση) σχετίζονται με μεγαλύτερη πιθανότητα ανάπτυξης ψυχιατρικών διαταραχών αλλά η ήπια χρήση μπορεί να είναι ωφέλιμη για κάποιους ανθρώπους. Η εντονότερη αντίστροφη συσχέτιση της χρήσης αλκοόλ με την παρουσία ψυχικών διαταραχών, στις ομάδες των ανθρώπων με περισσότερα οικονομικά προβλήματα ή προβλήματα υγείας, δείχνει έμμεσα ότι η χρήση αλκοόλ μπορεί να λειτουργεί «ρυθμιστικά» σε περιπτώσεις εξωτερικής πίεσης. Περαιτέρω διαχρονική έρευνα είναι απαραίτητη για να προσδιοριστούν τα δοσολογικά όρια της πιθανής ωφέλιμης χρήσης και δείκτες ή παράγοντες κινδύνου που υποδηλώνουν αυξημένη πιθανότητα μετάπτωσης από την ήπια χρήση αλκοόλ στην βαριά και ανάπτυξης προβλημάτων χρήσης αλκοόλ. Σε κάθε περίπτωση τα οφέλη στην ψυχική υγεία από την ήπια χρήση αλκοόλ πρέπει να σταθμιστούν σε σχέση με τον κίνδυνο ανάπτυξης «προβλημάτων χρήσης αλκοόλ» σε κάποιους από τους ήπιους χρήστες.

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Social support and delusional-like experiences: a nationwide population-based study

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796011000862 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 203-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. Saha ◽

J. Scott ◽

D. Varghese ◽

J. McGrath

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

General Population ◽

Community Sample ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Population Based ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

Physical Disorders ◽

The Relationship

Background.Population-based studies have identified that delusional-like experiences (DLEs) are common in the general population. While there is a large literature exploring the relationship between poor social support and risk of mental illness, there is a lack of empirical data examining the association of poor social support and DLEs. The aim of the study was to explore the association between social support and DLEs using a large, nationally representative community sample.Methods.Subjects were drawn from a national multistage probability survey of 8841 adults aged between 16 and 85 years. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify DLEs, common psychiatric disorders and physical disorders. Eight questions assessed various aspects of social support with spouse/partners and other family and friends. We examined the relationship between DLEs and social support using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results.Of the sample, 8.4% (n = 776) positively endorsed one or more DLEs. Individuals who (a) had the least contact with friends, or (b) could not rely on or confide in spouse/partner, family or friends were significantly more likely to endorse DLEs. The associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounding factors.Conclusions.DLEs are associated with impoverished social support in the general population. While we cannot exclude the possibility that the presence of isolated DLEs results in a reduction of social support, we speculate that poor social support may contribute in a causal fashion to the risk of DLEs.

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Correlates of transitions from alcohol use to disorder diagnosed by DSM-5 in China

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03413-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Zhang ◽

Zhaorui Liu ◽

Guohua Li ◽

Yueqin Huang ◽

Yanxiang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Face To Face ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Common Criteria ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the prevalence and lifetime criteria profiles of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and the transitions from alcohol use to disorder in Chifeng, China. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted using Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0 (CIDI-3.0) among 4528 respondents in Chifeng. Results The weighted lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-5 AUD were 3.03 and 1.05%, respectively. Mild lifetime AUD was the most prevalent severity level (69.53%). The two most common criteria were “failure to quit/cutdown” and “drinking more or for longer than intended.” Lifetime prevalence was 65.59% for alcohol use, and 22.97% for regular drinking. Male and domestic violence were risk factors for the transition from alcohol use to regular drinking or AUD and from regular drinking to AUD. Younger age was risk factor for the transition to AUD from alcohol use or regular drinking. Poverty (OR = 2.49) was risk factor for the transition from alcohol use to regular drinking. The earlier drinkers were more likely to develop to regular drinking (OR = 2.11). Conclusion AUD prevalence in Chifeng was not as high as that in Western countries. The study revealed that multiple risk factors might contribute to the transition across different stages of alcohol use. Further research should explore the underlying mechanisms.

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Alcohol Use and Mental Health Status Among University Students in Greece

Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal ◽

10.32437/mhgcj.v1i1.32 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Christos Tsiongas ◽

Christos Zilidis ◽

Evangelos C. Fradelos ◽

Konstantinos Tsaras ◽

Dimitrios Papagiannis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Status ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

University Students ◽

Research Study ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Mental Health Status

Alcohol abuse is a common incident in college student’s communities. The purpose of this research study was to evaluate the rates of alcohol use among university students in Greece and to search if there is a relation between alcohol use disorders and mental health status (depression, anxiety, stress).

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Empirical Investigation of Two Assumptions in the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Major Depressive Episode

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/00048670601050440 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Chika Sakashita ◽

Tim Slade ◽

Gavin Andrews

Keyword(s):

Depressive Episode ◽

Major Depressive Episode ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Population Based ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Diagnostic Threshold ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

The Relationship

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine two major assumptions behind the DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE): that depression represents a distinct category defined by a valid symptom threshold, and that each depressive symptom contributes equally to the diagnosis. Methods: Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10 641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV diagnoses of MDE and other mental disorders were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 2.0. Analyses were carried out on the subsample of respondents who endorsed either depressed mood or loss of interest (n =2137). Multivariate linear regression analyses examined the relationship between the number and type of symptoms and four independent measures of impairment. Results: The relationship between the number of depressive symptoms and the four measures of impairment was purely linear. Three individual symptoms (sleep problems, energy loss, and psychomotor disturbance) were all independent predictors of three of the four measures of impairment. Conclusions: Counting symptoms alone is limited in guiding a clear diagnostic threshold. The differential impact of individual symptoms on impairment suggests that impairment levels may be more accurately estimated by weighting the particular symptoms endorsed.

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