Bench-to-Bedside Approaches for Personalized Exercise Therapy in Cancer

2017 ◽  
pp. 684-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Jones ◽  
Neil D. Eves ◽  
Jessica M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Broad Array

The past 2 decades have witnessed a growing body of work investigating the feasibility and efficacy of exercise therapy on a broad array of outcomes in many different oncology scenarios. Despite this heterogeneity, the exercise therapy prescription approach and the dose tested has been largely similar. Thus, current exercise therapy prescriptions in the oncology setting adopt a one-size-fits-all approach. In this article, we provide an overview of personalization of exercise therapy in cancer using the principles of training as an overarching framework. Specifically, we first review the fundamentals of exercise prescription in chronic disease before focusing attention on application of these principles to optimize the safety and efficacy of exercise therapy on (1) cancer treatment–induced cardiovascular toxicity and (2) tumor progression and metastasis.

β-Blockers, Cocaine, and the Unopposed α-Stimulation Phenomenon

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Richards ◽  
Judd E. Hollander ◽  
Edward A. Ramoska ◽  
Fareed N. Fareed ◽  
I. Charles Sand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Absolute Contraindication ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Β Blockers

Cocaine abuse remains a significant worldwide health problem. Patients with cardiovascular toxicity from cocaine abuse frequently present to the emergency department for treatment. These patients may be tachycardic, hypertensive, agitated, and have chest pain. Several pharmacological options exist for treatment of cocaine-induced cardiovascular toxicity. For the past 3 decades, the phenomenon of unopposed α-stimulation after β-blocker use in cocaine-positive patients has been cited as an absolute contraindication, despite limited and inconsistent clinical evidence. In this review, the authors of the original studies, case reports, and systematic review in which unopposed α-stimulation was believed to be a factor investigate the pathophysiology, pharmacology, and published evidence behind the unopposed α-stimulation phenomenon. We also investigate other potential explanations for unopposed α-stimulation, including the unique and deleterious pharmacologic properties of cocaine in the absence of β-blockers. The safety and efficacy of the mixed β-/α-blockers labetalol and carvedilol are also discussed in relation to unopposed α-stimulation.

scholarly journals Alternative approaches to target Myc for cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Yichao Gan ◽  
Senlin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Global Transcriptome ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Signaling Modules ◽  
Druggable Targets

AbstractThe Myc proto-oncogene family consists of three members, C-MYC, MYCN, and MYCL, which encodes the transcription factor c-Myc (hereafter Myc), N-Myc, and L-Myc, respectively. Myc protein orchestrates diverse physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Myc modulates about 15% of the global transcriptome, and its deregulation rewires the cellular signaling modules inside tumor cells, thereby acquiring selective advantages. The deregulation of Myc occurs in >70% of human cancers, and is related to poor prognosis; hence, hyperactivated Myc oncoprotein has been proposed as an ideal drug target for decades. Nevertheless, no specific drug is currently available to directly target Myc, mainly because of its “undruggable” properties: lack of enzymatic pocket for conventional small molecules to bind; inaccessibility for antibody due to the predominant nucleus localization of Myc. Although the topic of targeting Myc has actively been reviewed in the past decades, exciting new progresses in this field keep emerging. In this review, after a comprehensive summarization of valuable sources for potential druggable targets of Myc-driven cancer, we also peer into the promising future of utilizing macropinocytosis to deliver peptides like Omomyc or antibody agents to intracellular compartment for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Progression

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Rushikesh S. Joshi ◽  
Samanvi S. Kanugula ◽  
Sweta Sudhir ◽  
Matheus P. Pereira ◽  
Saket Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Breast Cancers

In the era of genomic medicine, cancer treatment has become more personalized as novel therapeutic targets and pathways are identified. Research over the past decade has shown the increasing importance of how the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is a major structural component of the TME, regulate oncogenic functions including tumor progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, therapy resistance, and immune cell modulation, amongst others. Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been identified in several systemic cancers as critical regulators of the malignant cancer phenotype. This review of the literature comprehensively profiles the roles of CAFs implicated in gastrointestinal, endocrine, head and neck, skin, genitourinary, lung, and breast cancers. The ubiquitous presence of CAFs highlights their significance as modulators of cancer progression and has led to the subsequent characterization of potential therapeutic targets, which may help advance the cancer treatment paradigm to determine the next generation of cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of the key roles that CAFs play in the scope of systemic disease, the mechanisms by which they enhance protumoral effects, and the primary CAF-related markers that may offer potential targets for novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals Infliximab: A Review of its use in the Treatment of Pediatric Crohn's Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMT.S2840
Author(s):  
Arkady Broder ◽  
Joel R. Rosh
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The past decade has brought great change to the treatment of pediatric Crohn's disease. The majority of affected patients now receive therapy directed at the underlying immune dysregulation that is associated with this chronic disease. The monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha play an increasing role in such therapy. Infliximab is the prototype of this class of biologic based therapy. This review covers the basic pharmacokinetics of infliximab while reviewing the data on its efficacy in pediatric Crohn's disease patients. Current issues related to infliximab dosing and safety are also reviewed.

Cardiovascular Toxicity Associated With Cancer Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Hallquist Viale ◽  
Deanna Sanchez Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity

The Safety and Efficacy of Exercise Prescription in Silent Ischemia Patients.

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S218
Author(s):  
K. K. Hatcher ◽  
P. H. Brubaker ◽  
W. J. Rejeski ◽  
D. B. Bergey ◽  
H. S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Silent Ischemia ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

scholarly journals Paraneoplastic glomerular disease: The struggle is real

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Amarapurkar ◽  
Salim Bou-Slaiman ◽  
Bianca Madrid ◽  
Marco Ladino
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Paraneoplastic Diseases

Over the past decade, the relationships between various kidney disease and cancer have been established, but not fully elucidated. Development of acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease as a side effect of cancer treatment is not uncommon. However, renal paraneoplastic diseases are rather unique and less known examples of the association between kidney disease and cancer. These conditions are of importance to the nephrologist as they may be the initial presentation of an underlying malignancy and may not respond to the usual therapies used for their non-paraneoplastic variants. This article will discuss the pathogenesis and challenges in management of paraneoplastic glomerular diseases.

John Hinshaw, Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. 320 pp. $75.50 cloth; $25.95 paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Ruth Needleman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Growing Body

Richly descriptive and well documented, Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh by John Hinshaw makes a significant contribution to the growing body of historical research on steel unionism in the twentieth century. Over the past few years, a number of new studies have broadened our understanding of unionization and work practices in the nation's steel mills, by examining in greater detail the patterns of organization in specific mills and mill towns.

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