Telomerase activity as a biomarker for (pre)neoplastic cervical disease in scrapings and frozen sections from patients with abnormal cervical smear.

PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic value of semi-quantitative telomerase activity assessment in cervical scrapings together with human papillomavirus (HPV) typing for detection of (pre)neoplastic cervical lesions and to compare telomerase activity in cervical scrapings and frozen specimens from the same patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 161 patients referred for an abnormal cervical cytology report. In cervical scrapings, telomerase activity was determined by modified telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and HPV typing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with general and type-specific primers. Final diagnosis was made by pathologic examination of biopsy and/or loop excision specimens. RESULTS Telomerase activity was detectable in assessable scrapings from one of nine (11%) patients without cervical intraepitheleal neoplasia (CIN), in three of 26 (12%) with CIN I, eight of 35 (22%) with CIN II, 18 of 62 (29%) with CIN III, and four of 13 (31%) with cancer. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of the TRAP assay for CIN II/III and cancer lesions were 25% and 28%, respectively, while specificity for no CIN or CIN I was 89%. In representative frozen sections, frequency of detectable telomerase activity was related to grade of CIN/cancer; none of 21 normal cervices, none of two CIN I, two of 12 (17%) CIN II, 10 of 31 (32%) CIN III, and 18 of 21 (86%) cervical cancer lesions were telomerase-positive (P < .0005). Telomerase activity levels in paired scrapings and frozen sections appeared to be only weakly related; telomerase-positive sections with negative scrapings and vice versa (only in CIN III) were observed. In oncogenic HPV-negative scrapings (n = 14), no telomerase activity was detected, but in frozen sections, telomerase activity levels appeared to be unrelated to presence of specific HPV types. CONCLUSION Telomerase activity is more frequent in higher grade CIN/cervical cancer lesions. Telomerase activity assessment in cervical scrapings has a low sensitivity for CIN II/III and/or cervical cancer and does not appear to be useful in primary screening for cervical cancer. However, increased telomerase activity in frozen CIN sections may be a possible marker of progressive disease.

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Raman spectroscopic study of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer

Lasers in Medical Science ◽

10.1007/s10103-020-03218-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Cheng-Xia Zheng ◽

Cai-Ling Ma ◽

Xiang-Xiang Zheng ◽

Xiao-Yi Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Cin Iii ◽

Cervical Precancerous Lesions ◽

Biochemical Components ◽

The Difference

AbstractEarly detection of cervical lesions, accurate diagnosis of cervical lesions, and timely and effective therapy can effectively avoid the occurrence of cervical cancer or improve the survival rate of patients. In this paper, the spectra of tissue sections of cervical inflammation (n = 60), CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) I (n = 30), CIN II (n = 30), CIN III (n = 30), cervical squamous cell carcinoma (n = 30), and cervical adenocarcinoma (n = 30) were collected by a confocal Raman micro-spectrometer (LabRAM HR Evolution, Horiba France SAS, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France). The Raman spectra of six kinds of cervical tissues were analyzed, the dominant Raman peaks of different kinds of tissues were summarized, and the differences in chemical composition between the six tissue samples were compared. An independent sample t test (p ≤ 0.05) was used to analyze the difference of average relative intensity of Raman spectra of six types of cervical tissues. The difference of relative intensity of Raman spectra of six kinds of tissues can reflect the difference of biochemical components in six kinds of tissues and the characteristic of biochemical components in different kinds of tissues. The classification models of cervical inflammation, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical adenocarcinoma were established by using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Six types of cervical tissues were classified and identified with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 85.7%. This study laid a foundation for the application of Raman spectroscopy in the clinical diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.

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State of HPV16 integration in Lithuanian women with cervical neoplasia

Open Medicine ◽

10.2478/s11536-011-0004-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 205-212

Author(s):

Agne Sepetiene ◽

Zivile Gudlevicienė ◽

Zana Bumbuliene ◽

Grazina Drasutiene ◽

Janina Didziapetriene

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

The European Union ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Cin Iii ◽

Cell Genome ◽

Virus Integration

AbstractCervical cancer morbidity and mortality in Lithuania is one of the biggest in the European Union. The main risk factor of cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV). The deletion of the HPV E2 gene influences HPV DNA integration into the cell genome, as well as a rapid progression of cervical lesions. The purpose of this study is to determine HPV, its types, and HPV 16 integration in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN). 253 women with cytological lesions were involved in the study. After a histology, 31 women were diagnosed with CIN I, 35 with CIN II, and 51 with CIN III. The biggest prevalence of HPV infection was detected in women younger than 25 years old (69.7%) and in women with CIN II (90.9%). HPV 16 was detected in 67.8% of all cases, with the highest prevalence in CIN III (84.4%). A partial integration form was detected in 65.0% of HPV 16 infected women, a complete virus integration in 26.5%, and an episomal form in 8.4% of cases. Our study concludes that in all the cases confirmed using a histology, the partial virus integration form of CIN was identified the most. It was less frequently detected in CIN I cases (60.0%), but more frequently in CIN II and CIN III cases (72.8 and 69.3%, respectively).

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Significance of the Viral Load of High-risk Hpv in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Cervical Lesions: A Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35312/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Changjun Xu ◽

Jing Pan ◽

Chunyi Sun ◽

Honglin Zhou

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Viral Load ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

High Risk ◽

High Viral Load ◽

Control Group ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Cin Iii ◽

Hpv Viral Load

Abstract Background: The significance of HPV viral load in the detection of cervical lesions is still controversial. This study analyzed the correlation between the high-risk (HR)-HPV viral load and different cervical lesion degrees.Methods: This was a retrospective study of the patients who first visited the hospital between January 2015 and June 2018. Patients with positive HR-HPV were screening for cervical cancer. The HR-HPV DNA load was measured by the second generation hybrid capture (HC2) technology. The patients grouped as normal, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III, and cervical cancer. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore the association between HR-HPV DNA load and cervical lesions.Results: Finally, 265 patients were grouped as normal (n=125), CIN I (n=51), CIN II (n=23), CIN III (n=46), and cervical cancer (n=20). Among them, 139 (52.5%) had a low viral load, 90 (34.0) had a moderate viral load, and 36 (13.4%) had a high viral load. Taking the normal control group as a reference, a high viral load was an independent factor for CIN I (CIN I: OR=3.959, 95%CI: 1.300-12.059, P=0.015) CIN II (OR=6.211, 95%CI: 1.641-23.513, P=0.007), CIN III (OR=7.002, 95%CI: 2.308-21.244, P=0.001), and cervical cancer (OR=9.439, 95%CI: 2.394-37.22, P=0.001).Conclusion: Cervical lesions are closely related to HR-HPV infection. Higher HR-HPV viral load in cervical lesions was associated with a higher risk of high-grade cervical lesions.

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Assess the Knowledge Regarding Pap Smear Among Women

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrst196216 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 87-90

Author(s):

V. Kumari ◽

Jayanthi V ◽

Indira S ◽

N Subhashini

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Early Stage ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Background: Cervical cancer screening is an essential part of women’s routine health care. The Pap smear test is the way to detect abnormal cervical cells including precancerous cervical lesions as well as early stage cervical cancer. Objectives: 1.To assess the level of knowledge regarding Pap smear among women. 2. To find out the association between level of knowledge regarding Pap smear among women with their selected socio demographic variables. Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive research design was used to conduct research study. 30 women residing at Kamakshi Nagar in Nellore were selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Result: The result reveals that,out of 30 women, 17 (57%) had in adequate knowledge, 10 (33%) had moderately adequate knowledge and only 3(10%) had adequate knowledge regarding pap smear. Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of women had inadequate knowledge on pap smear test .hence there is a need to conduct awareness programme in community to raise the level of awareness on pap smear test

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Evaluation of colposcopic and histopathological findings in precancerous cervical lesions

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v46i1.47469 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 48-54

Author(s):

Namkha Dorji ◽

Shirin Akter Begum ◽

Tasfia Mahmud ◽

Mehriban Amatullah

Keyword(s):

Precancerous Lesions ◽

P Value ◽

Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gold Standard Method ◽

Histopathological Findings ◽

Cin Iii ◽

Precancerous Cervical Lesions ◽

Postcoital Bleeding

Background: Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide. It is a preventable and curable disease with proper screening. After primary screening Colposcopy is a valuable tool in the detection and treatment of precancerous cervical lesions. Histopathology is the gold standard method of diagnosis of Precancerous lesions. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of colposcopy in the diagnosis and to make correlation between colposcopic & histopathological findings in precancerous cervical neoplasia (CIN). Materials and Method: It was a cross sectional study, conducted at the Colposcopy Clinic, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Study was done for a period of one year from January, 2016 to December, 2016. Sixty two married women having following complaints: positive visual inspection of cervix (VIA + ve) with 3-5% Acetic acid, postcoital bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, and intermenstrual bleeding were recruited for the study. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. The data collection was done using the interviewer administered questionnaire. Colposcopic examination of cervix was done in 62 participants. Colposcopy guided punch biopsy/Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) from acetowhite area was taken in cases of VIA +ve women and random four quadrants (1, 5, 7 & 11 O’ clock position) cervical biopsy in cases of VIA – ve women having other indications. Histopathological examinations of specimens were done in the Department of Pathology, BSMMU. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test (X2) and Fisher’s exact test were performed. P value<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result: The mean age of the study population was 36.8±11.9 years ranging from 20 to72 years. Out of 62 participants, 40.3% (n=25) had VIA positive, 41.9% (n=26) had postcoital bleeding among which 24 was VIA positive and 2 was VIA negative, 8.1% (n=5) had intermenstrual bleeding with positive VIA and 9.7% (n=6) post-menopausal bleeding among which 4 was VIA positive and 2 was VIA negative. Among total 62 participants Sensitivity of colposcopy to diagnose histopathologically confirmed CIN I was 82.6%, CIN II was 25% and CIN III was also 25%. The specificity to diagnose CIN I was 42.4%, CIN II was 91.4% and CIN III was 93.1%. PPV of colposcopy to diagnose histologically confirmed CIN I was 55.8%, CIN II was 16.7% and CIN III was 20%. The NPV to diagnose CIN I was 73.7%, CIN II was 94.6% and CIN III was 94.7%. The colposcopic accuracy to diagnose CIN I was 61.3%, CIN II was 87.1% and CIN III was 90.3%. There was statistically significant (P value <0.05) correlation for colposcopic diagnosis of histopathologically confirmed CIN I,CIN II and III. Conclusion: The accuracy of colposcopy to diagnose histopathologically confirmed precancerous cervical lesions was quite high. Patients presenting with postcoital bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding should have colposcopy and biopsies even if the screening test result normal. Moreover colposcopy has high sensitivity, so we can easily adopt the see and treat method to reduce the dropout. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(1): 48-54

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HPV-Chlamydial Coinfection, Prevalence, and Association with Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions: A Pilot Study at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2019/9092565 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frank Ssedyabane ◽

Diaz Anaya Amnia ◽

Ronald Mayanja ◽

Aisagbonhi Omonigho ◽

Charles Ssuuna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

Background. Human Pappilloma Virus (HPV) is the necessary cause of cervical cancer. A number of risk factors are believed to influence the role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer. This is so because majority of HPV infections are cleared and only a few are able to result into cancer. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is considered a potential cofactor in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), although different studies have produced contradicting information (Silins et al., 2005, Bellaminutti et al., 2014, and Bhatla et al., 2013). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and association of HPV-Chlamydial coinfection with cervical intraepithelial lesions and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial lesions at a hospital in south western Uganda (MRRH). Methods. The study included 93 participants, with an age range of 25 to 80 years, from whom cervical specimens were collected and enrolment forms were completed upon consent. Experienced midwives collected one cervical smear and two endocervical swabs from each participant. The swabs were used for HPV DNA and Chlamydia trachomatis antigen testing. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using STATA 12 software. With the help of spearman’s correlation at the 0.05 level of significance, bivariate and multivariate analysis were done by logistic regression, to determine associations of risk factors to cervical lesions. Results. The results showed the prevalence of HPV-Chlamydial coinfection to be 8.6% (8/93). Positive Pap smear results were found in 60.22% (56/93) participants, most of whom had low grade squamous intraepitherial lesion (LSIL) (54.84%). HPV-Chlamydial coinfection showed a significant correlation with a positive cytology result and only relatively significantly correlated with LSIL grade of cytological positivity. HPV was found to be the risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial lesions at MRRH. Conclusion. HPV, Chlamydia, and HPV-Chlamydial coinfection are prevalent infections and there is a likelihood of association between HPV-Chlamydial coinfection and with cervical intraepithelial lesions. This study recommends general sexually transimitted infections (STIS) screening for every woman that turns up for cervical cancer screening and a larger study, probably a multicentre study.

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Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types Among Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in Yazd, Iran, and Comparison of Cytology, Histology, and Colposcopy Results

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5812/jjm.100573 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Mojgan Karimi-Zarchi ◽

Nastaran Hajimaghsoudi ◽

Afsarosadat Tabatabai ◽

Mansour Moghimi ◽

Mohammad Shayestehpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Blot Hybridization ◽

High Grade ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv Typing ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus with more than 100 genotypes, at least 12 of which are high-risk and associated with high-grade cervical lesions. Data on the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes among women are not yet available for the total regions of Iran. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV types among women screened for cervical carcinoma in Yazd and compare the cytology, histology, and colposcopy results. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 402 women referring to gynecology clinics of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, were selected. The Pap smear and HPV typing were performed on cervical samples. The high-risk HPV types were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based reverse blot hybridization assay. Colposcopy was carried out on patients with high-risk HPV types, and biopsies were taken for histological examination. Results: Among 402 women screened by HPV-PCR, 32 (7.97%) women were positive for high-risk HPV types. Human papillomavirus 16 and HPV18 were the most frequent genotypes (46.9%). The cytology, histology, and colposcopy results were abnormal in 56.2%, 29.1%, and 71.9% of patients, respectively. Pap smear had 100% sensitivity and 58.3% specificity for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions, while these values for colposcopy were 75% and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of high-risk HPV types was relatively low among women living in Yazd than in those from other provinces of Iran. A significant percentage of patients with HPV had normal cervical cytology and histology. Therefore, HPV typing is recommended to decrease the development of cervical cancer. Colposcopy had acceptable sensitivity and specificity for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions.

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Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) Positivity Among Female Sex Workers: a Cross-sectional Study Highlighting One-year Experiences in Early Detection of Pre-cancerous and Cancerous Cervical Lesions in Kampala, Uganda

10.21203/rs.3.rs-270900/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gertrude Namale ◽

Yunia Mayanja ◽

Onesmus Kamacooko ◽

Daniel Bagiire ◽

Agnes Ssali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

One Year

Abstract Background: Although cervical cancer is preventable, most women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) do not receive routine screening and few treatment options exist. Female Sex Workers (FSWs) are among the Ugandan female population at highest risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and human papilloma viruses (HPV), the cause of cervical cancer. We report one-year experiences of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) positivity among FSWs in the early detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions in Kampala, Uganda.Methods: Between June 2014 and July 2015, we enrolled FSWs into a cross-sectional study at a research clinic. The women were screened using the VIA method (application of 3-5% acetic acid to the cervix). All VIA positive women were referred to a tertiary hospital for colposcopy, biopsy, and immediate treatment (if indicated) at the same visit according to national guidelines. Data on socio-demographic, sexual behaviour, sexual reproductive health and clinical characteristics were collected. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with VIA positivity.Results: Of 842 women assessed for eligibility, 719 (85%) of median age 30 (IQR 26, 35) were screened, and 40 (6%) women were VIA positive. Of the 24 histology specimens analysed, 6 showed inflammation, only 1 showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 13 women showed CIN2/3, while 4 women already had invasive cervical cancer. The overall prevalence of HIV was 43%, of whom only 35% were receiving ART. In the age-adjusted analysis, VIA positivity was more likely among women who reported having >100 life-time partners (aOR=3.34, 95%CI: 1.38-8.12), and HIV positive women (aOR=4.55; 95%CI: 2.12 - 9.84).Conclusion: We found a relatively low proportion of VIA positivity in this population. The experience from our program implies that the VIA results are poorly reproducible even among a category of trained professional health workers. VIA positivity was more likely among women with a high number of sexual partners and HIV infection. Interventions for improving cervical cancer screening should be recommended as part of HIV care for FSWs to reduce the disease burden in this population.

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Evaluation of portable colposcopy and human papillomavirus testing for screening of cervical cancer in rural China

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-2018-000006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Haley Newman ◽

Jilin Hu ◽

Xiao Li ◽

Jing He ◽

Leslie Bradford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Predictive Value ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Low Grade ◽

Hpv Testing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cin Iii ◽

Cancerous Lesions

ObjectiveTo evaluate the use of a portable, rechargeable colposcope combined with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, as compared with HPV testing alone, for screening of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among 488 women in Baoshan County, Yunnan. The women underwent HPV testing followed by Gynocular portable colposcopy with visual inspection with acetic acid. Obvious lesions were biopsied. If portable colposcopy testing was negative but HPV testing was positive, the women underwent follow-up testing with thin-prep cytology and traditional colposcopy. Cervical biopsies were performed for any abnormalities. Histopathology was followed up with diagnosis and treatment.ResultsAmong 488 women screened with portable colposcopy, 24 women underwent biopsy based on positive colposcopy screening. Of these 24 women, three were HPV positive and 21 were HPV negative. Five women had cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) I and one had advanced cervical cancer. Forty-six women tested positive for HPV. Three of these women had screened positive on preliminary colposcopy, with one positive for CIN III/squamous cell carcinoma and one woman with CIN I. Forty-three women underwent follow-up testing with thin-prep cytology. Two women had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and five had low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions and were biopsied; three women had CIN I, one had CIN II and one had CIN III. HPV testing and portable colposcopy was more sensitive but slightly less specific than portable colposcopy or HPV testing alone.ConclusionWhile HPV testing has high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions and portable colposcopy has lower specificity, both methods of detection have low positive predictive value and high negative predictive value. In tandem, HPV testing and portable colposcopy had higher sensitivity for detection among women who underwent biopsies. In clinical practice, portable colposcopy was an effective, easy and affordable tool to transport to villages where cytology is not currently feasible.

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Detection of gene amplification in MYCN, C-MYC, MYCL1, ERBB2, EGFR, AKT2, and human papilloma virus in samples from cervical smear normal cytology, intraepithelial cervical neoplasia (CIN I, II, III), and cervical cancer

Colombia Medica ◽

10.25100/cm.v42i2.765 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 144-153

Author(s):

Dabeiba Adriana García ◽

Ignacio Briceño ◽

Marcos Castillo ◽

Fabio Ancizar Aristizábal

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Gene Amplification ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Cancer Genes ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Normal Cytology ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Cin Iii

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and the second cause of cancer mortality in women. It has been demonstrated that the process of cervical carcinogenesis displays genetic and environmental epigenetic components. Currently, research is focused on new prognosis markers like oncogene amplification. Objectives: To perform detection of MYCN, C-MYC, MYCL1, ERBB2, EGFR, and AKT2 amplification. Additionally, to detect human papillomavirus in samples from normal cytology smear, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, II, and III and cervical cancer patients. Methods: Papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping by reverse line blot (RLB) performed and gene amplification by detection with real-time PCR with Taqman probes. Results: HPV was present in 4% of the patients with normal cytology, 48% in CIN I, 63.6% in CIN II, 64% in CIN III, and 70.8% in cervical cancer. Genes amplified in cervical cancer were MYCN (39.1%), ERBB2 (34.7%), and MYCL1 (30.4%); showed higher amplification in high-grade lesions and cervical cancer in relation to low-grade lesions and normal cytology with statistically significant differences. Besides the genes, C-MYC, EGFR, and AKT2 were amplified in samples from patients with cervical cancer by 12%, 18%, and 13%, respectively; we did not find statistical differences. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of gene amplification and HPV was found in high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer.

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