scholarly journals Chemotherapy Based on Supramolecular Chemistry: A Promising Strategy in Cancer Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmy ◽  
Brüßler ◽  
Alawak ◽  
El-Sayed ◽  
Bakowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Selective Targeting ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Chemotherapeutic agents are considered one of the strategies in treating cancer. However, their use is faced by many challenges, such as poor water solubility leading to poor bioavailability and non-selective targeting of cancerous cells leading to diminished therapeutic actions and systemic adverse effects. Many approaches were adopted to overcome these drawbacks and to achieve the targeted delivery of the chemotherapeutic agents to the cancerous cells while minimizing adverse effects. Recently, supramolecular systems such as macrocycles have gained attention in the field of cancer therapy for being able to encapsulate different anticancer drugs via either host-guest complexation or self-assembly leading to a myriad of advantages. This review highlights the most recent studies concerned with the design of such novel systems for cancer therapy.

Plant Polyphenolic Compounds Potentiates Therapeutic Efficiency of Anticancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs: A Review.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokanatha Oruganti ◽  
Balaji Meriga
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Potential Synergy

Background: Scientific research continues to develop more efficacious drugs to treat and cure cancer, the dreadful disease threatening the human race. Chemotherapy is an essential means in cancer therapy, however, plant drugs having pharmacological safety, can be used alone or as additions to current chemotherapeutic agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize chemotherapy-induced adverse effects. Objective: A combination therapy where the synergistic effect on multiple targets is possible has gained significance, because since a one-drug one-target approach fails to yield the desired therapeutic effect. Therefore, a detailed description of important plant polyphenolic compounds with anticancer activity and their role in potentiating chemotherapeutic efficiency of existing anticancer drugs is provided in this review. Systematically screening combinations of active pharmaceutical ingredients for potential synergy with plant compounds may be especially valuable in cancer therapy. Methodology: We extensively have gone through reviews and research articles available in the literature. We made use of databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, Science Direct, etc. The following keywords were used in our literature search: “Chemotherapy, drug development, cancer drugs, plant-derived polyphenolics, synergistic studies, combination therapy, diagnosis and genetics.” Conclusion: Systematic research studies on screening combinations of plant phytochemicals with potential chemotherapeutic pharmaceuticals throws light on their synergistic effects, mechanisms of actions paving the way to develop more efficient anticancer therapeutics to treat and cure the cancer menace, to nullify chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and our review substantially contributes in this direction.

scholarly journals Targeting Cancer Resistance via Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pedrosa ◽  
M. Luísa Corvo ◽  
Margarida Ferreira-Silva ◽  
Pedro Martins ◽  
Manuela Colla Carvalheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Selective Targeting ◽  
New Compounds

Resistance to chemotherapy is a major problem facing current cancer therapy, which is continuously aiming at the development of new compounds that are capable of tackling tumors that developed resistance toward common chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin (DOX). Alongside the development of new generations of compounds, nanotechnology-based delivery strategies can significantly improve the in vivo drug stability and target specificity for overcoming drug resistance. In this study, multifunctional gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been used as a nanoplatform for the targeted delivery of an original anticancer agent, a Zn(II) coordination compound [Zn(DION)2]Cl2 (ZnD), toward better efficacy against DOX-resistant colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116 DR). Selective delivery of the ZnD nanosystem to cancer cells was achieved by active targeting via cetuximab, NanoZnD, which significantly inhibited cell proliferation and triggered the death of resistant tumor cells, thus improving efficacy. In vivo studies in a colorectal DOX-resistant model corroborated the capability of NanoZnD for the selective targeting of cancer cells, leading to a reduction of tumor growth without systemic toxicity. This approach highlights the potential of gold nanoformulations for the targeting of drug-resistant cancer cells.

Receptor-Based Combinatorial Nanomedicines

2021 ◽  
pp. 339-355
Author(s):  
Harshita Abul Barkat ◽  
Md Abul Barkat ◽  
Mohamad Taleuzzaman ◽  
Sabya Sachi Das ◽  
Md. Rizwanullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Drug Regimens

Nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems, as an anticancer therapy tool, have shown significant potentials for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer therapy could be efficiently achieved by combinatorial therapies, approaches using multiple drug regimens for targeting cancers. However, their usages have been limited due to shorter half-lives of chemotherapeutic agents, insignificant targetability to tumor sites and suboptimal levels of co-administered conventional drug moieties. Thus, nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems with effective targetability have played a crucial role to overcome the limitations and challenges associated with conventional therapies and also have provided greater therapeutic efficacy. Herein, the authors have focused on various drug-incorporated combinatorial nanocarrier systems, the significance of various receptors-associated strategies, and various targeted delivery approaches for chemotherapeutic agents.

Cytotoxic Stilbenes and Derivatives as Promising Antimitotic Leads for Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (36) ◽  
pp. 4270-4311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Faustino ◽  
Ana P. Francisco ◽  
Vera M. S. Isca ◽  
Noélia Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Stable Configuration ◽  
Antiangiogenic Agents ◽  
Antitumor Effects

The growing incidence of cancer, the toxic side-effects associated with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) drive the search for novel and more effective drugs with multi-target activity and selectivity towards cancer cells. Stilbenes are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds of plant origin derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway that may exist as cis- or trans-isomers. Although the trans-isomer is the more common and stable configuration, resveratrol being a representative compound, cis-stilbenes are potent cytotoxic agents that bind to and inhibit tubulin polymerization, destabilizing microtubules. This review summarizes the chemistry and biological evaluation of cytotoxic stilbenes and their synthetic derivatives as promising antimitotic leads for cancer therapy, focusing on the most potent compounds, the combretastatins. Combretastatins isolated from the South African bushwillow Combretum caffrum are among the most potent antimitotic and vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) of natural origin. Preclinical studies have demonstrated their potent antitumor effects in a wide variety of tumors, both in vitro and in vivo, being currently under evaluation in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials for several types of solid tumors. Topics covered herein include synthetic medicinal chemistry, modes of action, structure-activity relationships (SAR), preclinical and clinical studies as VDAs in cancer therapy, either as single agents or in combination with cytotoxic anticancer drugs, antiangiogenic agents, or radiation therapy, and development of appropriate formulations based on nanocarriers (e.g., liposomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric, lipid and ceramic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes) for improved bioavailability and targeted delivery of combretastatins to the tumor vasculature.

Cardiotoxicity of Cancer Therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (30) ◽  
pp. 7685-7696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. Floyd ◽  
Duc T. Nguyen ◽  
Raymond L. Lobins ◽  
Qaiser Bashir ◽  
Donald C. Doll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antineoplastic Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Number Of Patients

Because cancer is a leading cause of mortality in the United States, the number of therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of neoplastic processes has increased. This has resulted in a large number of patients being exposed to a wide variety of cancer therapy. Historically, it has been well recognized that antineoplastic agents may have adverse effects on multiple organs and normal tissues. The most commonly associated toxicities occur in tissues composed of rapidly dividing cells and may spontaneously reverse with minimal long-term toxicity. However, the myocardium consists of cells that have limited regenerative capability, which may render the heart susceptible to permanent or transient adverse effects from chemotherapeutic agents. Such toxicity encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders, ranging from relatively benign arrhythmias to potentially lethal conditions such as myocardial ischemia/infarction and cardiomyopathy. In some instances, the pathogenesis of these toxic effects has been elucidated, whereas in others the precise etiology remains unknown. We review herein the various syndromes of cardiac toxicity that are reported to be associated with antineoplastic agents and discuss their putative mechanisms and treatment.

scholarly journals Suger-coated pillararenes for drug delivery applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 03048
Author(s):  
Zhang Chenglin ◽  
Su Jihao ◽  
Zhao Hongxia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Controllable Release ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
New Generation

Supramolecular drug delivery systems (SDDSs) provide a useful platform for smart and functional drug carriers owing to their high selectivity towards various guest molecules and stimulus-responsive properties. Pillar[n]arenes represent a new generation of macrocyclic hosts with unique structures and chemical properties. In recent times pillar[n]arenes have attracted considerable attention as ideal scaffolds for the construction of SDDSs. Since sugar functionalized pillar[n]arenes have good water solubility and excellent biocompatibility, they have been widely applied in supramolecular systems construction, such as nanoparticles, vesicles, and gels by non-covalent interactions, so as to meet the requirements of their applications in biomedicine. These SDDSs present good responsiveness, not only realizing targeted delivery and controllable release of drugs, but also improving drug solubility and reducing its toxic and side effects. Here, according to the different structure of the assembly, the SDDSs constructed by the sugar functionalized pillar[n]arenes are summarized, and the development prospect of the system is prospected.

scholarly journals Cinobufagin-Loaded and Folic Acid-Modified Polydopamine Nanomedicine Combined With Photothermal Therapy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwen Li ◽  
Zhanxia Zhang ◽  
Haibin Deng ◽  
Zhan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
On Demand

Cinobufagin is used as a traditional Chinese medicine for cancer therapy. However, it has some disadvantages, such as poor water solubility, short circulating half-life, and low bioavailability. In the present study, a targeted delivery and smart responsive polydopamine (PDA)-based nanomedicine for delivering cinobufagin was rationally designed to improve the anticancer efficacy of the compound for the treatment of lung cancer. The modification of the nanomedicine using folic acid first mediated tumor targeting via the interaction between folic acid and its receptors on tumor cells. After lysosomes escape, the PDA nanomedicine was triggered by the low pH and released its cargo into the tumor microenvironment. The nanomedicine had a better therapeutic effect against lung cancer when used in combination with photothermal therapy. Compared with other nanomedicines used with photothermal therapy, this nanocarrier was not only sensitive to biologically low pH levels for on-demand drug release, but was also biodegradable, breaking down into biocompatible terminal products. Therefore, the proposed drug delivery system with targeted delivery and smart release demonstrated potential as a multifunctional nanoplatform that can enhance the bioavailability and reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents.

Nanotherapeutics in Tumour Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhwani Rana ◽  
Sagar Salave ◽  
Suraj Longare ◽  
Rishabh Agarwal ◽  
Kiran Kalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Target Effects

Background: Cancer continues to be the most annihilating illness and despite vast research in understanding cancer biology as well as rational drug designing progressing profoundly, cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. The conventional chemotherapeutic agents being exploited for cancer therapy contain several limitations, including less selectivity, nonspecific targeting and high off-target effects, and the emergence of multidrug resistance. These drawbacks can be addressed by employing the use of nanotherapeutics. Objective: The main objective of this review is to summarize various mechanisms of cancer genesis. It focuses on several strategies employed for modifying nano formulations for localization and emerging stimuli-based nanotherapeutics with recent examples. Methods: The method involved the collection of the articles from different search engines like Google, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for the literature to get appropriate information regarding the topics. Results: Studies revealed that nanoscale-based therapy provides targeted delivery, minimizes the off-target effects, and improves the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment modalities. The characteristics of nanoparticles like larger surface area become favourable and provide a platform for surface modifications, thereby improving cell targeting, internalization, and opportunities for delivering multiple agents. Advances in rational designing like stimuli-responsive therapies employing the use of sensitive nanocarriers, further provide high specificity, controlled release, and more efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion: Characteristics of the nanoscale delivery system like larger surface area provide us with ample options for desired modifications, hence providing multimodal delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Nano therapy serves well as a potential tool for improving cancer therapies.

Gold Nanoparticles- Boon in Cancer Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5134-5151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehak Jindal ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Manjinder Singh ◽  
Geeta Aggarwal ◽  
Gitika Arora Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Abnormal Growth

Background: Cancer is the world’s second-largest cause of death, with an estimated 9.6 million fatalities in 2018. Malignant tumour (cancer) is caused by a mixture of genetic modifications due to the environmental variables that tend to activate or inactivate different genes, ultimately resulting in neoplastic transformations. Cancer is a multi-stage process that results from the conversion of the ordinary cells to tumour cells and progresses from a pre-cancer lesion to abnormal growth. Methods: Chemotherapy inhibits the ability of the cells to divide rapidly in an abnormal manner, but this treatment simultaneously affects the entire cellular network in the human body leading to cytotoxic effects. In this review article, the same issue has been addressed by discussing various aspects of the newer class of drugs in cancer therapeutics, i.e., Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) from metal nanoparticle (NP) class. Results: Metal NPs are advantageous over conventional chemotherapy as the adverse drug reactions are lesser. Additionally, ease of drug delivery, targeting and gene silencing are salient features of this treatment. Functionalized ligand-targeting metal NPs provide better energy deposition control in tumour. AuNPs are promising agents in the field of cancer treatment and are comprehensively studied as contrast agents, carriers of medicinal products, radiosensitizers and photothermal agents. For the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, AuNPs are used and also tend to enhance tumour imaging in vivo for a variety of cancer types and diseased organs. Conclusion: The first part of the review focuses on various nano-carriers that are used for cancer therapy and deals with the progression of metal NPs in cancer therapy. The second part emphasizes the use of nanotechnology by considering the latest studies for diagnostic and therapeutic properties of AuNPs. AuNPs present the latest studies in the field of nanotechnology, which leads to the development of early-stage clinical trials. The next part of the review discusses the major features of five principal types of AuNPs: gold nanorods, gold nanoshells, gold nanospheres, gold nanocages, and gold nanostars that have their application in photothermal therapy (PTT).

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Mitochondria-Targeted Drug and Drug-Free Agents for Cancer Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Jeena ◽  
Sangpil Kim ◽  
Seongeon Jin ◽  
Ja-Hyoung Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Selective Targeting ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Proteins Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondria Targeting ◽  
Drug Free

The mitochondrion is a dynamic eukaryotic organelle that controls lethal and vital functions of the cell. Being a critical center of metabolic activities and involved in many diseases, mitochondria have been attracting attention as a potential target for therapeutics, especially for cancer treatment. Structural and functional differences between healthy and cancerous mitochondria, such as membrane potential, respiratory rate, energy production pathway, and gene mutations, could be employed for the design of selective targeting systems for cancer mitochondria. A number of mitochondria-targeting compounds, including mitochondria-directed conventional drugs, mitochondrial proteins/metabolism-inhibiting agents, and mitochondria-targeted photosensitizers, have been discussed. Recently, certain drug-free approaches have been introduced as an alternative to induce selective cancer mitochondria dysfunction, such as intramitochondrial aggregation, self-assembly, and biomineralization. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy from the conventional approach of drug/cytotoxic agent conjugates to advanced drug-free approaches.

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