Breast cancer experience in Uruguay: A 21-year follow up of 1,906 patients in the same institution

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21163-21163
Author(s):  
G. D. Krygier ◽  
E. Barrios ◽  
S. Cataldi ◽  
A. Vazquez ◽  
R. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Node Negative ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

21163 Background: Breast cancer is the most common tumor arising in Uruguaian women accounting for 1,930 patients/year (adjusted incidence ratio 83.1/100,000) with 637 death/year (adjusted mortality ratio 24.1/100,000). Both incidence and mortality rank Uruguay at the top of the latinamerican countries ( IARC-GloboCan 2002). We are presenting our final results with 1,906 patients followed during a 21 year period in the biggest private Institution in our country (CENDIMA) and probably amongst all other latin-american countries. Methods: Although this study was initially designed to find a relationship between prognostic factors and survival parameters: OS (overall survival) and DFS (disease free survival) it also describes the epidemiological features of a big breast cancer population in the top ranked country for breast cancer incidence and mortality in Latin America. Statistical analysis was calculated with SPSS (11.0 version) and SAS (6.0 version) programs. OS and DFS results were obtained through Kaplan Meier method. Log rank test was implemented for univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazard rates were used for multivariate analysis. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 61.0 (SD 13.5). Ductal infiltrating carcinoma (DIC) accounted for more than 80% of patients and 56% were node negative (N0) patients at diagnosis. Stratification was: Stage 0: 8.6%, Stage I: 31.5%, Stage II: 41.8%, Stage III: 16.6%, Stage IV: 1.5%. For OS, the axillary status and hystologic grade showed the highest relative ratio (RR) value: 2.49 and 2.40. The nodal status was the main prognostic factor related to DFS with a 2.2 RR. The five and ten year survival rate was: 0.96 and 0.92 (stage I), 0.84 and 0.71 (stage II), 0.71 and 0.56 (stage III) and 0.39 and 0.29 (stage IV) respectively. Conclusions: This is the final analysis of our population in Uruguay representing the biggest report in breast pathology in a latin-american country with a long follow up period (more than 20 years). Our “good” survival results may reflect the initially low risk population at diagnosis (56% node negative, 40.1% stage 0-I ). Nodal status, histologic grade and staging at diagnosis were independent prognostic factors in univariate and multivariate analysis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Vyrų krūties vėžio diagnostika ir gydymas

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Algirdas Jackevičius ◽  
Leonarda Šarakauskienė ◽  
Valerijus Ostapenko ◽  
Saulius Bružas ◽  
Juozas Kurtinaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Male Breast Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Male Breast Carcinoma

Algirdas Jackevičius, Leonarda Šarakauskienė, Valerijus Ostapenko, Saulius Bružas, Juozas Kurtinaitis, Algimantas MudėnasVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos institutas,Santariškių g.1, LT-08660 VilniusKauno medicinos universiteto Onkologijos ligoninė,Volungių g. 16, LT-45434 KaunasEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Vyrų krūties vėžys yra reta onkologinė liga. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiame 75 ligonių, gydytų dviejose onkologijos ligoninėse, klinikinius duomenis, tiesioginius ir vėlyvuosius gydymo rezultatus. Ligoniai ir metodai Straipsnyje nagrinėjami Vilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto klinikoje ir Kauno universiteto Onkologijos ligoninėje1988–2003 metais gydytų 75 vyrų, sirgusių krūties vėžiu, klinikiniai duomenys. Ligonių amžiaus vidurkis – 69,2 metų (jauniausias 41, vyriausias 90 metų). Aštuoniems (10,7%) ligoniams diagnozuotas pirmos stadijos vėžys, 35 (46,7%) – antros, 22 (29,3%) – trečios, 10 (13,3%) ligonių – ketvirtos. Pagal histologinius vėžio tipus dažniausiai diagnozuota intraduktalinė karcinoma – 40 ligonių, 8 ligoniams – lobulinė karcinoma, tačiau 14 ligonių vėžio histologinis tipas nenustatytas. Dažniausiai, t. y. 53 ligoniams, buvo atlikta modifikuota Maddeno mastektomija, aštuoniems – paprastoji mastektomija, 8 ligoniams taikyta spindulinė terapija, 6 ligoniams dėl sunkių gretutinių ligų – simptominis gydymas. 37 ligoniai gydyti kombinuotu būdų: 30 – spinduline terapija, 5 – chemoterapija, 2 – abiem gydymo metodais. Rezultatai Vėlyvieji gydymo rezultatai nebuvo geri: iš 75 gyvena 28 liginiai, 47 mirė. Penkerius metus išgyveno 83,3% (95% PI 27,3–97,5) sergančiųjų pirmos stadijos krūties vėžiu, 69,6% (95% PI 49,1–83,1) – antros stadijos ir tik 6,2% (95% PI 4,2–24,2) – trečios. Nė vienas ligonis, kuriam diagnozuota ketvirta ligos stadija, neišgyveno penkerių metų. Išvados Lietuvoje vyrų sergamumas krūties vėžiu per pastaruosius metus nepakito. Nemažai vyrų buvo gydyti nuo IIIB stadijos krūties vėžio, kai navikas jau buvo lokaliai išplitęs ir susiformavo vėžinė opa. Vyrų, sergančių trečios stadijos krūties vėžiu, prognozė yra blogesnė negu moterų. Ligos stadija nulemia ligonių gyvenimo trukmę, tai patvirtina statistinis vėlyvųjų gydymo rezultatų skaičiavimas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vyrų krūties vėžys, diagnostika, gydymas, vėlyvieji rezultatai The diagnostics and treatment of male breast carcinoma Algirdas Jackevičius, Leonarda Šarakauskienė, Valerijus Ostapenko, Saulius Bružas, Juozas Kurtinaitis, Algimantas MudėnasVilnius University Institute of Oncology,Santariškių str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, LithuaniaKaunas Medical University Oncological Hospital,Volungių str. 16, LT-45434, Kaunas, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Male breast cancer is an uncommon oncological disease. In this paper, we have analysed the results of treatment of 75 patients treated in two oncologycal clinics. Patients and methods We analysed 75 male patients treated in 1988–2003 in the clinics of the Institute of Oncology of Vilnius University and Hospital of Oncology of Kaunas University of Medicine. The mean age of patients was 69.2 years (range, 46–90 years). The staging of disease: stage I 8 (10.7%) patients, stage II 35 (46.7%), stage III 22 (29.3%). Ten (13.3%) patients were treated in stage IV of the disease. The most common method of treatment was radical mastectomy by Madden which was performed in 53 cases. In 8 cases mastectomy simplex was performed. Eight patients received radiotherapy. The patients received this conservative treatment in late stages of the disease. In seven cases the patients were in poor health state, and only palliative treatment was applied. 37 patients received combined treatment: 30 patients were treated with radiotherapy, two patients received radiotherapy and chemotherapy, in 5 cases after mastectomy the patients were treated with chemotherapy. Results The follow-up results were not satisfactory: from 75 patients 28 patients are alive and 47 died. The 5-year survival of the patients according to the stage of disease: 83.3% (95% CI 27.3–97.5) of patients in stage I, 69.6% (95% CI 49.1–83.1) in stage II, stage III 6.2% (95% CI 4.2–24.2). In this period, all patients in stage IV of the disease died. Conclusions The incidence of male breast cancer in Lithuania is low, and over the last years has remained at the same level. Many of our patients had ulceration of tumor and were treated in stage III B of the disease. The prognosis of male breast cancer in stage III of the disease is worse than of female breast cancer of the same stage. The stage of the disease was statistically significant for the survival of patients. Keywords: male breast carcinoma, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up results

Identification of biomarkers and functional modules from genomic data in stage-wise breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athira K ◽  
Vrinda C ◽  
Sunil Kumar P V ◽  
Gopakumar G
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Functional Modules ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Multiple Stages

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women across the world, with high incidence and mortality rates. Being a heterogeneous disease, gene expression profiling based analysis plays a significant role in understanding breast cancer. Since expression patterns of patients belonging to the same stage of breast cancer vary considerably, an integrated stage-wise analysis involving multiple samples is expected to give more comprehensive results and understanding of breast cancer. Objective: The objective of this study is to detect functionally significant modules from gene co-expression network of cancerous tissues and to extract prognostic genes related to multiple stages of breast cancer. Methods: To achieve this, a multiplex framework is modelled to map the multiple stages of breast cancer, which is followed by a modularity optimization method to identify functional modules from it. These functional modules are found to enrich many Gene Ontology terms significantly that are associated with cancer. Result and Discussion: predictive biomarkers are identified based on differential expression analysis of multiple stages of breast cancer. Conclusion: Our analysis identified 13 stage-I specific genes, 12 stage-II specific genes, and 42 stage-III specific genes that are significantly regulated and could be promising targets of breast cancer therapy. That apart, we could identify 29, 18 and 26 lncRNAs specific to stage I, stage II and stage III respectively.

scholarly journals Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Pathology and 2-Year Postsurgical Recurrence of Breast Cancer in Kenyan Women

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Brand ◽  
Ronald Wasike ◽  
Khalid Makhdomi ◽  
Rajendra Chauhan ◽  
Zahir Moloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Node Biopsy

Purpose The goal of this study was to describe the pathologic findings and early follow-up experience of patients who underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) between 2008 and 2017. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of women with breast cancer who underwent an SLNB at AKUH between 2008 and 2017. The SLNB was performed on patients with stage I and stage II breast cancer, and identification of the sentinel lymph node was made by radioactive tracer, blue dye, or both, per availability and surgeon preference. Demographic, surgical, and pathologic data, including immunohistochemistry of the surgical sample for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, were abstracted from the patient records. Follow-up data were available for a subset of patients. Results Between 2008 and 2017, six surgeons performed SLNBs on 138 women, 129 of whom had complete records and were included in the study. Thirty-one of 129 (24%) had a positive SLNB, including 10 of 73 (14%) with stage I and 21 of 56 (38%) with stage II disease. Seventy-eight patients (60%) received systemic adjuvant chemotherapy and 79 (62%) received radiation therapy, and of the 102 patients who were estrogen receptor positive, 86 (85%) received endocrine therapy. Seventy-nine patients were observed for > 2 years, and, of these, four (5.1%) had a regional recurrence. Conclusion The SLNB positivity rates were similar to those of high-income country (HIC) cohorts. However, preliminary data suggest that recurrence rates are elevated at AKUH as compared with those of HIC cohorts, perhaps because of a lower use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy at AKUH compared with HIC cohorts or because of differences in the characteristics of the primary tumor in patients at AKUH as compared with those in HICs.

Clinical significance of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification in primary breast cancer. The South Australian Breast Cancer Study Group.

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1936-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Seshadri ◽  
F A Firgaira ◽  
D J Horsfall ◽  
K McCaul ◽  
V Setlur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Node Negative ◽  
Node Positive ◽  
Oncogene Amplification ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Neu Oncogene

PURPOSE To determine prospectively the prognostic significance of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification in the primary tumors of breast cancer patients. METHODS HER-2/neu amplification in tumor DNA was determined by the slot-blot technique in 1,056 patients with breast cancer (stage I to III) diagnosed between 1987 and 1990. Parameters such as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) levels, tumor size, axillary nodal involvement, tumor grade, and time to relapse were prospectively obtained. RESULTS HER-2/neu oncogene amplification, > or = 2, > or = 3, and > or = 5 copy number, was detected in 21%, 11%, and 7% of patients, respectively. In a test set of 529 patients, Cox multivariate analysis showed HER-2/neu copy number > or = 3 or > or = 5 was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) duration. HER-2/neu copy number > or = 3 correlated significantly with pathologic stage of disease, number of axillary nodes with tumor, histologic type, and absence of ER and PgR. For all patients, after a median follow-up duration of 39 months, Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis indicated that tumor oncogene copy number > or = 3 correlated with shorter DFS in both node-negative and node-positive patients. In Cox multivariate analysis, HER-2/neu copy number > or = 3 was associated with shorter DFS, independent of nodal status, ER level, and tumor size. CONCLUSION Although the follow-up duration of this study is relatively short, we conclude that HER-2/neu amplification is an independent predictor of shorter DFS in both node-negative and node-positive patients.

Triple-negative breast cancer: Epidemiology, characteristics, and survival in a Lebanese cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22228-e22228
Author(s):  
M. Ghosn ◽  
C. Hajj ◽  
F. Nasr ◽  
F. El Karak ◽  
G. Abadjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Stage Iii

e22228 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women in Lebanon. Triple negative (TN) phenotype is known to be associated with an increased likelihood of recurrence and death. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, characteristics and survival of TN BC patients in a Medical Oncology department in a University Hospital in Lebanon. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the pathology of all women with breast cancer that were seen in our institution between 1997 and 2008. TN BC patients (pts) were defined as those that were negative for all 3 receptors (estrogen, progesterone and HER2neu on immunohistochemistry). Pts' characteristics and survival of TN women were analyzed. Results: Of the 1599 breast cancer pts, 155 (9.7%) had a triple negative phenotype. Median age was 52 years. A positive family history of breast/ovarian cancer was found in 15 pts (10%). Pathology studies showed: invasive ductal carcinoma component in 138 pts (89%), pure medullary carcinoma in 7 pts (5%), pure invasive lobular carcinoma in 6 pts (4%), pure mucinous carcinoma in 3 pts (2%) and epidermoid carcinoma in 1 pt (1%). A grade III was found in 98 of specimens (63%). Twenty-six pts (17%) presented with stage I, 73 (47%) with stage II, 37 (24%) with stage III and 19 (12%) with stage IV. Twelve percent had inflammatory breast cancer. After a median follow up of 17 months (mths), 43 pts had relapsed (5 stage I, 18 stage II and 20 stage III). The most common sites of relapse were brain (in 20 % of cases), lungs (in 20% of cases) and bone (in 11% of cases). Five- year disease free survival and 5-year overall survival were respectively 75% and 88% for stage I, 58% and 72% for stage II and 40% and 63% for stage III. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 96% of pts among which a taxane-based regimen was used in 38% of cases . Median survival for stage IV was 19 mths with a first line taxane-based regimen used in 50% of cases. Conclusions: The incidence of TN BC in Lebanon is similar to that described in the literature. It has an aggressive course. Focus on understanding the biology of this particular BC subtype is essential for determining targets for future therapeutic options. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Survival after locoregional recurrence in patients after breast cancer surgery.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
T. Osako ◽  
R. Nishimura ◽  
Y. Okumura ◽  
R. Tashima ◽  
Y. Toyozumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Locoregional Recurrence ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Breast Conserving Therapy ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Systemic Metastasis

141 Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors for survival after locoregional recurrence in patients who underwent mastectomy or breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for primary breast cancer in our hospital. Methods: Out of 3,332 patients operated on from 1989 to 2008, 50 patients had chest wall recurrences after mastectomy (CWR), 40 patients had regional nodal recurrences (RNR), and 24 patients had ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences (IBTR) from 1997 to 2008. To investigate the prognostic factors for survival after locoregional recurrence, we conducted uni- and multivariate analyses of these cases. Results: The median follow-up time was 49.2 months. The 5-year survivals after recurrence of the patients with CWR, RNR and IBRT were 52%, 28%, and 68%, respectively. And the 10-year survivals were 15%, 0%, and 62%, respectively. Furthermore, the 5-year distant metastasis-free survivals were 24%, 13%, and 59%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis of the patients with CWR, type of recurrent nodules (diffuse/single, RR 21.0, p= 0.001), pT (T3 or 4 /T1, RR 11.4, p=0.01), pN (N3/N0, RR 15.5, p= 0.03), Ki67 of primary tumor (>50%/<20%, RR6.7, p=0.02) and ER of the primary tumor (+ / -, RR 2.6, p = 0.02) were independent prognostic factors. In a multivariate analysis of RNR, the method of first line salvage therapy (local /local + systemic, RR 16.1, p = 0.01) was only an independent prognostic factor. In the cases of IBTR, there were no independent prognostic factors for survival after recurrence. Conclusions: Although CWR developed distant metastases within 5 years, the survival depended upon the several biological factors. RNR developed distant metastases within a few years and provided poor prognosis. These suggested that RNR would be the first appearance of systemic metastasis not local disease. In contrast, IBTR provided better prognosis and a salvage treatment cured about 60% of the patients.

scholarly journals Impact of Superselective Intra-Arterial and Systemic Chemoradiotherapy for Gingival Carcinoma; Analysis of Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Mukai ◽  
Yuichiro Hayashi ◽  
Izumi Koike ◽  
Toshiyuki Koizumi ◽  
Madoka Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival

Abstract Background: We compared outcomes and toxicity between radiation therapy (RT) with concurrent retrograde super-selective intra-arterial chemotherapy (IACRT) and RT with concurrent systemic chemoradiotherapy (SCRT), for gingival carcinoma (GC).　Methods: We included 84 consecutive patients who were treated for GC ≥ stage III, from 2006 to 2018, in this retrospective analysis (IACRT group: n=66; SCRT group: n=18).Results: Median follow-up time was 24 (range: 1–124) months. The median prescribed dose was 60 (6–70.2) Gy (IACRT group: 60 Gy; SCRT group:69 Gy). At 3 years, the two groups significantly differed in overall survival (OS; IACRT: 78.75%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 66.00–87.62; SCRT: 50.37%, 95% CI: 27.58–73.0; P = 0.039), progression-free survival (PFS; IACRT: 75.64%, 95% CI: 62.69–85.17; SCRT: 41.96%, 95% CI: 17.65–70.90; P = 0.028) and local control (LC; IACRT: 77.17%, 95% CI: 64.23–86.41; SCRT: 41.96%, 95% CI: 17.65–70.90; P = 0.015). In univariate analysis, age ≥ 65, decreased performance status (PS) and SCRT were significantly associated with worse outcomes (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years, clinical stage IV, and SCRT were significantly correlated with poor OS (P < 0.05). Patients with poorer PS had significantly worse PFS.Conclusions: This is the first report to compare outcomes from IACRT and SCRT among patients with GC. IACRT is an effective and organ-preserving treatment for GC.Trial registration: retrospectively registered

Use of a novel convolutional neural network-based mammographic evaluation to assess response to adjuvant endocrine therapy in women with early-stage breast cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 530-530
Author(s):  
Julia Elizabeth McGuinness ◽  
Vicky Ro ◽  
Simukayi Mutasa ◽  
Richard Ha ◽  
Katherine D. Crew
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neural Network ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Risk Scores

530 Background: The standard of care for early-stage hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC) is 5-10 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), which leads to a 50-60% relative risk reduction in BC recurrence. However, 10-40% of patients may relapse up to 20 years (y) after diagnosis, and there is a need for biomarkers of response to ET. We developed a novel, fully-automated convolutional neural network (CNN)-based mammographic evaluation that accurately predicts BC risk, which is being evaluated as a pharmacodynamic response biomarker to adjuvant ET. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among women with HR-positive stage I-III unilateral BC diagnosed at Columbia University Irving Medical Center from 2007-2017, who received adjuvant ET and had at least 2 mammograms of the contralateral breast (baseline and annual follow-up). Demographics, clinical characteristics, BC treatments, and relapse status were extracted from the electronic health record and New York-Presbyterian Hospital Tumor Registry. We performed CNN analysis of mammograms at baseline (start of ET) and annual follow-up. Our primary endpoint was change in CNN risk score, expressed as a continuous variable (range, 0-1). We used two-sample t-tests to assess for differences in mean CNN scores between patients who relapsed or remained in remission. We evaluated if CNN score at baseline and change from baseline were associated with relapse using logistic regression, with adjustment for known prognostic factors. Results: Among 870 evaluable women, mean age at diagnosis was 59.5y (standard deviation [SD], 12.4); 60.3% had stage I tumors, 72.6% underwent lumpectomy, and 45.8% received chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 4.9y, there were 68 (7.9%) breast cancer relapses (36 distant, 26 local, 6 new primary). Median number of evaluable mammograms per patient was 5 (range, 2-13). Mean baseline CNN risk scores were significantly higher among women who relapsed compared to those in remission (0.258 vs 0.237, p = 0.022), which remained significant after adjustment for known prognostic factors. There was a significant difference in mean absolute change in CNN risk score from baseline to 1y follow-up between those who relapsed vs. remained in remission (0.001 vs. -0.022, p = 0.027), but this was no longer significant in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We demonstrated that higher baseline CNN risk score was an independent predictor of BC relapse. A greater decrease in mean CNN risk scores at 1-year follow-up after initiating adjuvant ET was seen among BC patients who remained in remission compared to those who relapsed. Therefore, baseline CNN risk scores may identify patients at high-risk for breast cancer recurrence to target for more intensive adjuvant treatment. Early changes in CNN risk scores may be used to predict response to long-term ET in the adjuvant setting.

scholarly journals Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Amol R. R. Rajhans, MD ◽  
Dr. Deepak S. Howale
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, and the second main cause of cancer death in women, after lung cancer. Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. In 2017, around 252, 710 new diagnoses of breast cancer are expected in women, and around 40,610 women are likely to die from the disease. Awareness of the symptoms and the need for screening are important ways of reducing the risk. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the department of Pathology, DCP Consultant Pathologist Shashwat Hospitals, Pune, a total of 38 retrospective breast carcinoma tissues were obtained from female patients. Representative paraffin blocks and haematoxylin and eosin (HandE)-stained sections were retrieved from the pathology department. The patients' records were reviewed to look for the patient age and the clinical stage of the disease. The stage of the cancer was reported according to the American Joint Committee of Cancer. As tissue and patient data was collected in an anonymous way no written or informed consent was required for the study purpose. Results and Observations: According to data by clinical staging Stage I, Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV were 16 (42.11%), 11(28.95%), 7 (18.42%) and 4 (10.53%) respectively. According to histology Stage I, Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV were 2 (5.26%), 11(28.95%), 24 (63.16%) and 1 (2.63%) respectively. Hand E-stained sections showed that tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were present in 31 of the 38 carcinomas (81.58%). Majority of theTILs were T lymphocytes and was present in all 31 cases. CD4+ cells were seen31 patients and CD 8+ were seen in 25 cases. B cells were seen in 21 cases. TILs were analysed according to the clinical stage of breast cancer, stages III and IV tumors showed significantly higher densities of total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and CD4+ lymphocytes as compared to stage II tumors. Lymphocyte immuno phenotypes and the total TILs also showed a high significantly positive correlation between each lymphocyte population/subpopulation and the total TILs. Conclusion: T and B lymphocytes were expressed in breast carcinoma with High prevalence of T lymphocytes CD4+ cells. However larger no of cases are required to confirm the findings and extensive large studies are required.

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