Impact of socioeconomic status on extent of disease at diagnosis and cancer and ocular outcomes in retinoblastoma: A population-based analysis.
10011 Background: The strong correlation between early diagnosis and improved outcomes has been consistently reported for retinoblastoma; extent of disease and eye preservation are associated with delayed diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to analyze the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnicity on extent on disease and cancer and ocular outcomes. Methods: All retinoblastoma cases (0-9 years) recorded in 18 SEER registries between 2000-2009 were included. The county-based disparity variables analyzed included poverty level, education attainment, language isolation, crowding, and percentage of immigrants. The cut-off values were defined as the median values for the cohort of patients. We also analyzed the impact of gender, race, and ethnicity. We tested for the association between SES and ethnicity with the percentage of extraocular disease and enucleation. Relative survival was calculated using Ederer II method; estimates were compared using Z-score. Results: We identified 753 cases. Percentage of extraocular cases was consistently higher in US counties with low SES indicators: higher vs. lower poverty status (29.3% vs. 22.1%, p=0.028); lower vs. higher education attainment (30.6% vs. 22.7%, p=0.003); higher vs. lower crowding (33.2% vs. 18.1%, p<0.001); higher vs. lower language isolation (32.2% vs. 19.3%, p<0.001); higher vs. lower percentage of immigrants (30.1% vs. 21.4%, p=0.008). Hispanic patients had significantly higher percentage of extraocular disease (35.2% vs. 20.9%, p<0.001). Poor ocular outcomes, reflected by high percentage of enucleation, were associated with counties with low education attainment (p=0.025), and with Hispanic origin (p=0.019). Decreased survival was associated with language isolation (p=0.016), but not with Hispanic origin or other SES indicators. Conclusions: Our study highlights significant disparities in the care and outcome of children with retinoblastoma. A low SES negatively impacts extent of disease, presumably by limiting access to primary care and delaying diagnosis. Hispanic patients have more advanced disease and higher enucleation rates, although survival is not significantly different.