Prognostic value of serum androgens, by ultrasensitive assay, in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Phase III trial data.
22 Background: Serum testosterone (T) and precursors, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstenedione (A4), may be prognostic of overall survival (OS) by identifying patients (pts) with varying dependency on androgen. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between the distribution of serum androgen concentrations measured by ultrasensitive mass spectrometric assays with OS, in pts with mCRPC treated in COU-AA-301, a randomized phase III study of abiraterone acetate (AA)(1000mg) plus prednisone (P) vs P. Methods: Pts were stratified by ECOG PS (0-1 vs 2), pain (present vs absent), prior chemotherapy regimens (1 vs 2), and type of progression (PSA only vs radiographic). Eligibility required baseline T ≤50 ng/dL. In a post hoc exploratory analysis, the effect of baseline serum androgen levels (T, DHEAS, A4) on OS (95% CI, months), stratified by quartiles of each androgen was determined. T, DHEAS, and A4 serum levels were measured using novel liquid-liquid extraction 1D or 2D-LC/tandem mass spectrometry ((LC)-LC-MS/MS) assays. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed. Results: Baseline T levels were available from 97% of pts (93% with baseline T ≤15 ng/dL). Median OS increased in a step-wise fashion per T quartile, regardless of treatment (p<0.0001) (Table). Similar results were observed for DHEAS and A4. A positive association was observed in the multivariate analysis adjusted for treatment, other androgens, and lab parameters (LDH, HGB, ALKP, PSA; all p<0.0001). In AA and P-treated pts, respectively, the hazard ratio for OS (95% CI) comparing pts with baseline T above and below baseline median was 0.64 (0.53-0.77; p<0.0001) and 0.51 (0.39-0.67; p=0.0004). Conclusions: Baseline serum androgen concentrations as measured by an ultrasensitive mass spectrometric assay may be prognostic of OS in mCRPC pts and bear consideration as a stratification variable in phase III studies. Clinical trial information: NCT00638690. [Table: see text]