Impact of RAS testing on treatment duration among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 773-773
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Bach ◽  
Alexandra Christodoulopoulou ◽  
Andrew Klink ◽  
Guy Hechmati ◽  
Urvi Mujumdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Insurance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Ras Mutations ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The Impact

773 Background: Current clinical guidelines recommend that all patients with mCRC have tumor tissue genotyped for RAS mutations. Tumor RAS testing enables the widest range of treatment options, with potential impact on patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of RAS testing on the duration of treatment, across multiple lines of chemotherapy in mCRC. Methods: Adults with a diagnosis of mCRC (ICD-9 codes 153.x, 154.0x, or 154.1x and 197.x–198.x) were identified from a database of US public and private insurance claims (129 million covered lives) from 2012–2014. Time to treatment discontinuation, overall and by line of chemotherapy, was compared through univariate analysis between patients who were tested for RAS mutations (identified by CPT codes) to those who were not tested. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the risk of discontinuation attributable to prior RAS testing (i.e., hazard ratio [HR]), adjusting for patient characteristics. Results: We identified 4,527 mCRC patients (mean age at diagnosis, 61.2 years; 54% male), 39% (n = 1,787) of whom had a claim for RAS testing during the study period. Patients tested for RAS mutations stayed on treatment significantly longer in first-line (1LD), second-line (2LD), and overall treatment (OTD) vs those who were not tested for RAS mutations (1LD: median, 245 days [95% confidence interval–CI: 232–251] vs 196 days [95% CI: 189–205]; 2LD: median, 189 days [95% CI: 168–203] vs 147 days [95% CI: 133–161]; OTD: median, 903 days [95% CI: 815–1,040] vs 305 days [95% CI: 281–337]; all P < 0.01). Adjusting for patient characteristics, RAS testing significantly reduced the risk of discontinuation in 1LD, 2LD, and OTD (HRs: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.76–0.90], 0.80 [95% CI: 0.71–0.91], and 0.32 [95% CI: 0.27–0.37], respectively; all P< 0.01). Conclusions: These observational data show that RAS testing is associated with significantly greater time on treatment for mCRC patients compared to not testing, suggesting that patients under the care of physicians who decide to test for RAS mutations, regardless of test result, are on therapy for a longer period of time than untested patients.

scholarly journals The impact of public coverage of newer hepatitis C medications on utilization, adherence, and costs in British Columbia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247843
Author(s):  
Harriet Ho ◽  
Naveed Z. Janjua ◽  
Kimberlyn M. McGrail ◽  
Mark Harrison ◽  
Michael R. Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Drug Coverage ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Treatment Uptake ◽  
Private Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

Background Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir-sofosbuvir are both newer direct-acting antiviral agents for the treatment of hepatitis C. The high list prices for both drugs have led to concern about the budget impact for public drug coverage programs. Therefore, we studied the impact of public prescription drug coverage for both drugs on utilization, adherence, and public and private expenditure in British Columbia, Canada. Methods We used provincial administrative claims data from January 2014 to June 2017 for all individuals historically tested for either hepatitis C and/or human immunodeficiency virus. Using interrupted time series analysis, we examined the impact of public insurance coverage on treatment uptake, adherence (proportion of days covered), and public and private expenditures. Results Over our study period, 4,462 treatment initiations were eligible for analysis (1,131 sofosbuvir and 3,331 ledipasvir-sofosbuvir, which include 19 patients initiated on both treatments). We found the start of public coverage for sofosbuvir and ledipasvir-sofosbuvir increased treatment uptake by 154%. Adherence rates were consistently high and did not change with public coverage. Finally, public expenditure increased after the policy change, and crowded out some private expenditure. Conclusion Public coverage for high-cost drugs for hepatitis C dramatically increased use of these drugs, but did not reduce adherence. From a health policy perspective, public payers should be prepared for increased treatment uptake following the availability of public coverage. However, they should not be concerned that populations without private insurance coverage will be less adherent and not finish their treatment course.

scholarly journals Comparing cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis and outcomes of First Nations and all other Manitobans: a retrospective analysis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara C. Horrill ◽  
Lindsey Dahl ◽  
Esther Sanderson ◽  
Garry Munro ◽  
Cindy Garson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Registry System ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Globally, epidemiological evidence suggests cancer incidence and outcomes among Indigenous peoples are a growing concern. Although historically cancer among First Nations (FN) peoples in Canada was relatively unknown, recent epidemiological evidence reveals a widening of cancer related disparities. However evidence at the population level is limited. The aim of this study was to explore cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and outcomes among status FN peoples in comparison with all other Manitobans (AOM). Methods All cancers diagnosed between April 1, 2004 and March 31, 2011 were linked with the Indian Registry System and five provincial healthcare databases to compare differences in characteristics, cancer incidence, and stage at diagnosis and mortality of the FN and AOM cohorts. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine mortality. Results The FN cohort was significantly younger, with higher comorbidities than AOM. A higher proportion of FN people were diagnosed with cancer at stages III (18.7% vs. 15.4%) and IV (22.4% vs. 19.9%). Cancer incidence was significantly lower in the FN cohort, however, there were no significant differences between the two cohorts after adjusting for age, sex, income and area of residence. No significant trends in cancer incidence were identified in either cohort over time. Mortality was generally higher in the FN cohort. Conclusions Despite similar cancer incidence, FN peoples in Manitoba experience poorer survival. The underlying causes of these disparities are not yet understood, particularly in relation to the impact of colonization and other determinants of health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Beta Blockers on Survival in Heart Transplant Recipients: Insights from the Zabrze HTx Registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Grzegorz M. Kubiak ◽  
Radosław Kwieciński ◽  
Agnieszka Ciarka ◽  
Andrzej Tukiendorf ◽  
Piotr Przybyłowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The data assessing the impact of beta blocker (BB) medication on survival in patients after heart transplantation (HTx) are scarce and unequivocal; therefore, we investigated this population. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the HTx Zabrze Registry of 380 consecutive patients who survived the 30-day postoperative period. Results. The percentage of patients from the entire cohort taking BBs was as follows: atenolol 24 (17%), bisoprolol 67 (49%), carvedilol 11 (8%), metoprolol 28 (20%), and nebivolol 8 (6%). The patients receiving BBs were older (56.94 ± 14.68 years vs. 52.70 ± 15.35 years, p=0.008) and experienced an onset of HTx earlier in years (11.65 ± 7.04 vs. 7.24 ± 5.78 p≤0.001). They also had higher hematocrit (0.40 ± 0.05 vs. 0.39 ± 0.05, p=0.022) and red blood cells (4.63 (106/μl) ± 0.71 vs. 4.45 (106/μl) ± 0.68, p=0.015). Survival according to BB medication did not differ among the groups (p=0.655) (log-rank test). Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that the following parameters were associated with unfavorable diagnosis: serum concentration of albumin (g/l) HR: 0.87, 95% CI (0.81–0.94), p=0.0004; fibrinogen (mg/dl) HR: 1.006, 95% CI (1.002–1.008), p=0.0017; and C-reactive protein (mg/l) HR: 1.014, 95% CI (1.004–1.023), p=0.0044. Conclusions. The use of BBs in our cohort of patients after HTx was not associated with survival benefits.

Measuring the impact of integrating palliative care into a multidisciplinary brain and spine oncology clinic.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
Matthew Manning ◽  
Mary Larach ◽  
Susan Boyles ◽  
Abigail Stern
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Do Not Resuscitate ◽  
Goals Of Care ◽  
Cancer Centers ◽  
Metastatic Lung ◽  
The Impact

163 Background: Recent literature indicates that palliative care (PC) improves the outcomes of patients with cancer. Integration of PC providers into cancer centers is increasingly recognized to enhance symptom management with a beneficial effect on patient survival. In order to predict the impact of widespread PC integration, we hypothesized that a small pilot program may provide evidence supporting broader implementation. The current study endeavors to measure the result of adding a dedicated PC provider to a multidisciplinary brain and spine oncology program. Methods: Over the six month study period, a PC nurse practitioner was integrated into an existing weekly multidisciplinary brain and spine oncology conference and clinic. The provider participated in the multidisciplinary conference reviewing recent MRIs and discussing current disease status and treatment options. Following conference, the PC provider would consult on up to four of the clinic patients. Data were recorded regarding patient characteristics, goals of care, and changes in therapy. Results: The PC provider participated in 14 multidisciplinary clinics with a total of 180 subjects. Of those, 24 subjects met with the PC provider in formal consultation. The most common diagnoses were 41.6% with metastatic lung cancer and 25% with glioblastoma. For goals of care, an Advanced Directive discussion was documented in 100%. Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders were activated in 37.5% and documented in 54%. Medical Orders for Scope of Treatment (MOST) forms were introduced in 87.5% and completed in 25%. For changes in therapy, enrollment in hospice occurred in 33.3%. Pain medication was changed in 33.3%. Other symptoms including fatigue, weakness, anorexia, constipation, anxiety, lymphedema, dysphagia, depression, insomnia, and alopecia were managed in 87.5%. Conclusions: This study suggests that the integration of a PC provider into an existing multidisciplinary cancer program can produce a high rate of establishing goals of care and result in changes in treatment in a significant number of cases. Further study on the impact of integrating PC in cancer centers seems to be warranted.

The effect of socioeconomic factors on the outcome of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 465-465
Author(s):  
Cortlandt Sellers ◽  
Johannes M Ludwig ◽  
Johannes Uhlig ◽  
Stacey Stein ◽  
Jill Lacy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Locoregional Therapy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Impact

465 Background: To investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors on overall survival (OS) for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at an inner-city tertiary care hospital. Methods: Consecutive patients treated for ICC diagnosed between 2005 and 2016 in the cancer registry were studied. Patients were stratified by demographic, socioeconomic variables, and treatment course. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard modeling were performed. Results: Patients were 52% male (95 pts) and 74% white (136 pts) with mean age of 65.7 yrs (SD 10.7 yrs). 82% of patients were married or had been previously married (148 pts). 11% of patients had Medicaid as their primary insurance (20 pts), 45% of patients had Medicare (78 pts) and 44% of patients had private insurance (77 pts). Patients with private insurance (66 pts, 87%) and Medicare (64 pts, 83%) were more likely to have been married than Medicaid (12 pts, 60%) (p = 0.036). Patients with Medicare (mean 72.0 yrs, SD 6.9 yrs) were older than private insurance patients (mean 60.3 yrs, SD 10.3 yrs) and Medicaid patients (mean 61.8 yrs, SD 12.4 yrs) (p < 0.001). Gender and ethnicity were similarly distributed by primary insurance. Median OS stratified by primary insurance demonstrated median OS in private insurance of 13.2 mo (95% CI: 8.2–18.7 mo) vs 7.3 mo (95% CI: 3.8–10.6 mo) for Medicare (HR 1.3, p = 0.11) vs 4.7 mo (95% CI: 1.7–11.3 mo) for Medicaid (HR 1.8, p = 0.0488), (p = 0.0465). Cancer-directed treatments were utilized by 81% in private insurance vs. 67% in Medicare vs 67% in Medicaid (p = 0.18). Median OS stratified by main treatment demonstrated 43.3 mo in resection (37 pts, 21%), 17.3 mo in locoregional therapy (LRT) (22 pts, 13%), 10.0 mo in chemotherapy or radiation (79 pts, 45%), and 1.4 mo in palliative or no treatment (37 pts, 21%) (p < 0.0001). Increased age was associated with decreased median OS (correlation -0.23, p = 0.0019). No differences in median OS were seen with ethnicity, gender, or marital status. Conclusions: Screening and early treatments appear to affect the OS of patients with ICC. Further investigations for preventive care for vulnerable populations to enhance survivals are warranted.

Potential Survival Benefit of Secondary Cytoreductive Surgery for Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian, Tubal, and Peritoneal Cancers

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Goto ◽  
Masashi Takano ◽  
Akio Watanabe ◽  
Morikazu Miyamoto ◽  
Masafumi Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Secondary Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The Impact

Objective:Although treatment for recurrent epithelial ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers is usually not curative and intends to be palliative, a certain significance of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) for recurrent tumor has been reported; still, there are limitations in this strategy including difficulty in predicting successful complete resection and selecting good candidates. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential survival benefit of SCS in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers.Methods:Among all patients who underwent primary therapy for epithelial ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers between 1994 and 2006 at our institute, medical records of patients who were submitted to SCS for recurrence following complete remission after primary therapy were retrospectively investigated. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for quantifying the relations between survival and covariates.Results:Thirty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. Complete resection of all visible tumors at SCS was achieved in 24 of patients (75%). Median postrecurrence survival was 60 months. On univariate analysis, solitary recurrence, disease-free interval, CA125 value at recurrence, and complete resection were significant prognostic factors on postrecurrence survival; whereas on multivariate analysis, CA125 value at recurrence and complete resection were independent prognostic factors. In addition, a comparison according to the initial method that detected recurrence revealed that patients whose recurrence was detected with CA125 elevations had significantly worse postrecurrence survival than those detected with routine examinations including image scans (P= 0.021).Conclusions:In the present study, the impact of SCS on the significant survival benefit was identified for patients with low CA125 value at recurrence as well as with complete resection. Although further analyses are needed, patients whose recurrence was diagnosed by routine examinations without CA125 elevation might be better candidates for SCS.

Anticoagulation after Iliofemoral Vein Stenting - Old Versus New

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (38) ◽  
pp. 4525-4533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja B. Drebes ◽  
Neil H. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Antithrombotic Treatment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Stent Patency ◽  
Venous Outflow Obstruction ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in endovascular iliofemoral vein stenting to prevent/ alleviate symptoms related to proximal venous outflow obstruction. Maintaining long-term stent patency is one of the main challenges, and risk factors for the development of re-thrombosis are not well understood. Published data on the safety and efficacy of the procedure predominantly come from cohort studies mainly focusing on mechanical aspects relating to stent placement and flow. Aetiology of thrombus formation and thrombotic tendencies of patients due to underlying medical conditions are not captured well or linked to clinical outcomes, and the impact of choice and length of antithrombotic therapy have not been specifically investigated. Here, we review different procedure-related factors and patient characteristics that might increase the risk of re-thrombosis and the utility of antithrombotic treatment options currently available.

The Impact of Long Working Hours on Cognitive Function: A Follow-Up Study with Gender Stratification

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 727-734
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Lee ◽  
Joon Yul Choi ◽  
Wanhyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Gender Stratification ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Recent studies have shown that long working hours can have adverse consequences on health and possibly trigger biological processes that mediate the relationship between long working hours and cognitive decline. Objective: To investigate whether long working hours and the overall duration such exposure is associated with a decline in cognitive function. Methods: Data obtained during the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 2,518) during the period 2006–2018 were used to explore the relationship between long working hours and cognitive decline. Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) scores were used to evaluate cognitive function. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), which were used to evaluate declines in K-MMSE scores over the 12-year study period. Results: Overall HR (95% CI) for a decline in cognitive function in long working hours group was 1.13 (0.73–1.17). When categorized by sex, women with long working hours had an HR (95% CI) of 1.50 (1.05–2.22), K-MMSE scores decreased significantly after working long hours for 5 years (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study furthers understanding of the effects of long working hours on cognitive decline among female workers. Further research is required to determine the effects of long working hours on cognitive functions.

scholarly journals 848. Trends of Carbapenem Resistance in Enterobacterales in the US Between 2015 and 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S464-S464
Author(s):  
Stephen Marcella ◽  
Hemanth Kanakamedala ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Bin Cai ◽  
Jason M Pogue
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Healthcare Database ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are considered an urgent threat to human health by the CDC. Tracking resistance over time is of importance to understand trends and patterns. Tracking carbapenem resistance is complicated by definitions which include resistance to ertapenem only which can differ in epidemiology, mechanism, and treatment options. This study examines trends of CRE from 2015 to 2019 and the impact of carbapenem resistance on outcomes. Methods Enterobacterales infections identified in the Premiere HealthCare database from 2015 to 2019 were categorized into 3 groups: ertapenem only resistant (Erta-R); isolates resistant to ertapenem and class 2 carbapenems (CR-1/2); and carbapenem susceptible (CS). Trends in resistance over the study period were assessed. Furthermore, patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups. Results Among 225,457 unique cultures 692 were Erta-R, 2,397 were CRE-1/2, and 222,368 were CS. Overall rates of CRE-1/2 slightly increased from 0.9% to 1.2% over the study period (P for trend of &lt; 0.0001) while there was a slight negative trend for Erta-R rates (P for trend =0.006). Rates of CR by pathogen (Figures 1 and 2) were relatively stable over the study period. Enterobacter cloacae was the most common organism in the Erta-R group and K. pneumoniae was the most common CRE-1/2 pathogen. Differences in patient characteristics were seen between the three groups for race, gender, and comorbidities (Table). Both mortality (Erta-R: 10%, CRE-1/2: 9% vs CS: 4%, respectively) and infection-associated length of stay (Erta-R: 8 days; CRE-1/2: 8 days vs CS: 6 days, respectively) were higher in both Erta-R and CRE 1/2 when compared to CS (P&lt; 0.001). There were no differences in outcomes between patients with Erta-R and CRE 1/2. Figure 1. Annual rates of CRE (resistance to both classes) by pathogen over the study period Figure 2. Annual rates of CRE (ertapenem R only) by pathogen over the study period Table. Patient demographics and outcomes Conclusion CRE rates were relatively stable over the study period. Despite low incidence, CRE continue to have significant associations with morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, outcomes were similar in patients with isolates resistant to ertapenem only when compared to isolates resistant to both classes of carbapenems. This might be reflective of novel treatment options available over the study period. Disclosures Stephen Marcella, MD, Shionogi Inc. (Employee) Hemanth Kanakamedala, BS, Shionogi Inc. (Independent Contractor) Yun Zhou, MS, Shionogi Inc. (Independent Contractor) Bin Cai, MD, PhD, Shionogi Inc. (Employee) Jason M Pogue, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP, Shionogi Inc. (Advisor or Review Panel member)

scholarly journals IL-6 and Other Biomarkers associated with Poor Prognosis in a Cohort of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Madrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 117727192110133
Author(s):  
Encarnación Donoso-Navarro ◽  
Ignacio Arribas Gómez ◽  
Francisco A Bernabeu-Andreu
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Relationship Of

Objectives: There are several published works on the prognostic value of biomarkers in relation to the severity or fatal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Spain, the second European country in incidence of the disease at the time of data collection, there are few studies that include both laboratory parameters and clinical parameters. Our aim is to study the relationship of a wide series of biomarkers with admission to intensive care and death in a hospital in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain), with special attention to IL-6 due to its role in the systemic inflammatory response associated with a worse prognosis of the disease. Methods: Data were collected from 546 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. All of them had IL-6 results, in addition to other biochemical and haematological parameters. The difference of the medians for the selected parameters between the groups (ICU vs non-ICU, dead vs survivors) was studied using a Mann-Whitney analysis. The independent variables that predicted death were studied using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Higher age and blood concentrations of ALT, creatinine, CK, cTnI, LDH, NT-proBNP, CRP, IL-6, leucocyte count and D-dimer together with lower blood concentrations of albumin and lymphocyte count were associated with mortality in univariate analysis. Age, LDH, IL-6 and lymphocyte count remained associated with death in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Age, LDH, IL-6 and lymphocyte count, as independent predictors of death, could be used to establish more aggressive therapies in COVID-19 patients.

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