Contemporary outcomes for adults with AML requiring ICU admission.

7025 Background: Patients (pts) with AML frequently encounter life-threatening complications requiring transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 145 adults with AML requiring ICU admission at our tertiary cancer center 2018-19. Use of life-sustaining therapies (LSTs) and overall survival (OS) were reported using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for in-hospital death. Results: Median age was 64 yrs (range 18-86). 47% of pts had an ECOG status of ≥ 2 with a median of at least 1 comorbidity (Table). 117 pts (81%) had active leukemia at admission. 68 pts (47%) had poor-risk cytogenetics (CG) and 32 (22%) had TP53-mutated disease. 61 (42%), 27 (19%) and 57 pts (39%) were receiving 1st, 2nd and ≥ 3rd line therapy. 33 (23%) and 70 pts (48%) were receiving intensive and lower-intensity chemotherapy, respectively, and 77 pts (53%) were concurrently on venetoclax. Most common indications for admission were sepsis (32%), respiratory failure (24%) and leukocytosis (12%); Table outlines additional ICU admission details. Median OS from the date of ICU admission was 2.0 months (mo) for the entire cohort and 6.9, 1.6 and 1.2 mo in pts with favorable-, intermediate- and poor-risk CG. Median OS of pts receiving frontline vs. ≥ 2nd line therapy was 4.2 vs. 1.4 mo (P<0.001). Median OS in pts requiring 0-1 vs. 2-3 LSTs was 4.1 vs. 0.4 mo (P<0.001). OS was not different by age, co-morbidity burden nor therapy intensity. In a multivariate analysis that included SOFA scores, only adverse CG (OR 0.35, P = 0.028), and need for intubation with mechanical ventilation (IMV; OR 0.19, P = 0.009) were associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: A substantial portion of pts with AML survive their ICU admission with sufficient functionality to return home and receive subsequent therapy. In contrast to general medical populations, age, co-morbidities, and SOFA scores were not independently predictive of in-hospital mortality. Disease CG risk and the need for IMV were the strongest predictors of ICU survival. This suggests that many pts with AML can benefit from ICU care.[Table: see text]

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Outcome of cancer patients admitted through the emergency department (ED) of a comprehensive cancer center: A call for ED-based palliative care.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2014.32.31_suppl.194 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (31_suppl) ◽

pp. 194-194

Author(s):

Ahmed F. Elsayem ◽

Julio Silvestre ◽

Kelly W. Merriman ◽

Patrick S. Chaftari ◽

Carmen E. Gonzalez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Palliative Care ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Altered Mental Status ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Icu Admission

194 Background: The National Cancer Policy Forum advocated for improving quality of end life care, and reducing cost for cancer patients. Identifying those at high risk for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and hospital death may allow earlier palliative care and avoid futile interventions. The purpose of this study is to examine risk factors for ICU admission, and hospital death among cancer patients admitted through the emergency department (ED). Methods: We queried MD Anderson Cancer Center databases for all patients who visited our ED in 2010. ICU admission and hospital deaths of these patients were reviewed, and individual patients’ data were analyzed. Results: In 2010, 16,038 ED visits were made by 9,246 unique cancer patients. Of these patients, 5,362 (58%) were admitted to the hospital at least once (range 1-13 admits). Of all patients admitted through the ED, 697 (13%) were admitted at least once to ICU. Of all patients admitted, 11% died during hospitalization; of those, 29% died in ICU. Among patients who died in ICU, 73/233 (31.3%) had hematologic malignancies and 96/354 (27.1%) had solid tumors (P<0.001). Patients admitted to ICU had median lengths of hospital stay (MLOS) of 13 days for hematologic and 8 days for solid tumors (P<0.001; using means); patients without ICU admission had MLOS of 6 and 5 days, respectively (P<0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model for predicting in-hospital mortality, we found that ED presenting symptoms of respiratory distress or altered mental status; primary tumor of lung cancer, leukemia, unknown primary, or lymphoma; and nonwhite ethnicities were independent predictors of death. Insignificant factors included age, gender, residence, fever and pain. Conclusions: Cancer patients admitted through the ED experience high ICU admission rate, and hospital mortality. Lung and certain other cancers; race; and symptoms of respiratory distress and altered mental status were associated with increased risk of in-hospital death. Patients with these risk factors may benefit from efforts to improve palliative care and prevent futile interventions.

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Presenting Symptoms in the Emergency Department as Predictors of Intensive Care Unit Admissions and Hospital Mortality in a Comprehensive Cancer Center

Journal of Oncology Practice ◽

10.1200/jop.2015.009019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. e554-e563 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ahmed F. Elsayem ◽

Kelly W. Merriman ◽

Carmen E. Gonzalez ◽

Sai-Ching J. Yeung ◽

Patrick S. Chaftari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Altered Mental Status ◽

Hematologic Malignancies ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Presenting Symptoms

Purpose: The identification of patients at high risk for poor outcomes may allow for earlier palliative care and prevent futile interventions. We examined the association of presenting symptoms on risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and hospital death among patients with cancer admitted through an emergency department (ED). Methods: We queried MD Anderson Cancer Center databases for all patients who visited the ED in 2010. Presenting symptoms, ICU admissions, and hospital deaths were reviewed; patient data analyzed; and risk factors for ICU admission and hospital mortality identified. Results: The main presenting symptoms were pain, fever, and respiratory distress. Of the patients with cancer who visited the ED, 5,362 (58%) were admitted to the hospital at least once (range, 1 to 13 admissions), 697 (13%) were admitted to the ICU at least once, and 587 (11%) died during hospitalization (31% of 233 patients with hematologic malignancies and 27% of 354 patients with solid tumors died in the ICU; P < .001). In multivariable logistic regression, presenting symptoms of respiratory distress or altered mental status; lung cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma; and nonwhite race were independent predictors of hospital death. Patients who died had a longer median length of hospital stay than patients discharged alive (14 v 6 days for hematologic malignancies and 7 v 5 days for solid tumors; P < .001). Conclusion: Patients with cancer admitted through an ED experience high ICU admission and hospital mortality rates. Patients with advanced cancer and respiratory distress or altered mental status may benefit from palliative care that avoids unnecessary interventions.

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Clinical Significance of Bioimpedance Spectroscopy in Critically Ill Patients

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1177/0885066617702591 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 495-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shang-Feng Yang ◽

Ching-Min Tseng ◽

I-Fan Liu ◽

Shin-Hung Tsai ◽

Wein-Shung Kuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Mortality ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Fluid Management ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Acute Stage ◽

Volume Control ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Icu Admission ◽

The Third

Background: Early fluid resuscitation is a key aspect in the successful management of critically ill patients, but the optimal goal for volume control after the acute stage of critical illness remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of bioimpedance spectrometry for fluid management in critically ill patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients who consented to participate were screened within the first 24 hours of admission to a medical intensive care unit (ICU) from February 4, 2015, to January 31, 2016. Information on demographics, comorbidities, primary reasons for admission, baseline laboratory data, and ventilator or inotropic use were documented. Data of fluid intake, fluid output, and body weight were recorded for the first 3 days of ICU admission. Bioimpedance spectrometry was performed on the first and third days after ICU admission. All participants were followed until death or hospital discharge. Results: Of the 140 enrolled patients (median age: 70 years, interquartile range: 60-77 years), 23 (16.4%) patients died during hospitalization. Independent predictors of hospital mortality were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (per 1 point increase, odds ratio [OR]: 1.101) and overhydration (OH) volume on the first day (per 1 L increase, OR: 1.216). Compared to normal OH status (OH volume between −1 and 1 L), hyper OH status (OH volume < −1 L) on the third day after ICU admission was an independent predictor of hospital death (OR: 7.609). Normal OH status on the third day was associated with greater numbers of ICU-free and ventilator-free days. Conclusion: Bioimpedance spectrometry can be used to predict outcomes in critically ill patients. Increased OH volume on day 1 and hyper OH volume on day 3 of ICU admission are associated with a greater risk of hospital mortality. Volume status on day 3 is associated with durations of ventilator use and ICU stay.

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Impact of care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC): A comprehensive cancer center on overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with AJCC stage IV pancreas adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18128 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e18128-e18128

Author(s):

Fiona Boland ◽

Ahmad Cheema ◽

Maeve Aine Lowery ◽

Kenneth H. Yu ◽

Anna M. Varghese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Term Survival ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

Line Therapy ◽

Centralized Care

e18128 Background: PDAC has a rising incidence and relatively static mortality rates. Current cytotoxic regimens confer median survivals of 8.5- 11 months (Von Hoff, Conroy, et al. NEJM 2013, 2011). National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers potentially allow greater access to multidisciplinary consultation for complex cancer care. Although the widespread benefits of NCICCCs are acknowledged, there is limited data demonstrating superior outcomes for patients treated at these centers. Methods: Patients with stage IV PDAC, diagnosed between 01/01/13 and 12/31/14, were identified and followed until death or 12/31/2016. These patients had care centralized to MSKCC and the analysis was conducted to evaluate key patient (pt) and disease characteristics, systemic therapies and outcomes.Survival times were calculated from the date of diagnosis. Results: N=391 pts identified, 210 males (54%), 181 females (46%). Median age 66 years (range 27-91). Table 1 outlines key points. For entire cohort, median overall survival (mOS): 11.4 + 9 months, 1-year (yr) and 2-yr survival rates (SR) of 48% and 15.1% respectively. N= 165 (42%) received mFOLFIRINOX-based regimen as 1st-line therapy with mOS 13.2 + 8.9 months, 1-yr and 2-yr SR of 59.4.% and 20% respectively. N= 118 (30.1%) received gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel- based regimen as 1st line therapy had a mOS of 11.6 + 9 months with 1-yr and 2-yr SR of 49.1% and 16.2% respectively. Conclusions: At MSKCC, a major referral center for PDAC, outcomes for stage IV disease compare favorably to contemporary trial outcomes with notable 2-yr survivorship (long-term survival analysis of MPACT trial showed 1-yr and 2-yr SR of 35% and 10% respectively). Contributing factors likely reflect multidisciplinary expertize, patient selection and biases. Centralized care for complex illnesses may improve outcomes. [Table: see text]

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Polymicrobial and Monomicrobial Necrotizing Fasciitis: Clinical, Laboratory, Radiology, Pathological Hallmark and Differences, a Retrospective Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-264532/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eviatar Naamany ◽

Shachaf Shiber ◽

Hadar Daskin-Bitan ◽

Dafna Yahav ◽

Jihad Bishara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Mortality ◽

Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Medical Center ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Microbial Groups ◽

Vasopressor Use

Abstract Background: Necrotizing fasciitis(NF) is a life-threatening infection with high morbidity and mortality rates which should be diagnosed and treated with surgical and antibiotic therapy. Many studies have addressed NF and its subtypes, but few have reviewed the clinical, radiological and pathological differences between the poly-microbial and the mono-microbial groups. Objective: The objective of our study is to describe a relatively large cohort of patients with NF and study and compare the clinical, radiological and pathological differences between the poly-microbial(Pm) and the mono-microbial(Mm) groups.Methods: The charts of hospitalized patients with NF diagnosis from 2002-2019 at the Rabin Medical Center were reviewed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 90 days, secondary outcomes included duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit(ICU) admission, LRINEC score and the need for vasopressor use. Results: 81 patients with NF were included in the study, 54(66.6%) had Mm growth and 27(33.3%) had Pm growth. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the 90 days mortality, and moreover in hospital mortality was also insignificantly different. In a multivariate analysis, we found that 90 days mortality was more prevalent in the Mm group compared to Pm group. In addition, we found that in hospital mortality, ICU admission and vasopressors use were more frequent among the Mm-group compared to the Pm-group. Conclusions: our study is the first to compare the differences between the two most prevalent entities of NF. The results demonstrate better prognosis for Pm-NF, with minimal ICU stay, lower mortality, and lower use of vasopressors.

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Does Risk Calculator by Nationwide Survey Match The Postoperative Outcome in Patients Who Underwent Major Hepatectomy?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76187/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Atsushi Nanashima ◽

Naoya Imamura ◽

Masahide Hiyoshi ◽

Koichi Yano ◽

Takeomi Hamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

High Mortality ◽

Major Hepatectomy ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Risk Calculator ◽

Biliary Malignancy ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Hepatobiliary Diseases

Abstract Background: To clarify significance of the present National Clinical Database risk calculator (NCD-RC) for hepatectomy in Japan, relationship between perioperative parameters or outcomes in major hepatectomy and the mortality rate by NCD-RC was examined. Methods: Patient demographics, co-morbidity, surgical records, postoperative morbidity or mortality were examined and compared to the 30 days- or in-hospital-mortality rate among 55 patients with hepatobiliary diseases who underwent hemi- or more-extended hepatectomy and central (segment 458) hepatectomy. The cut-off percent for high risk mortality before hepatectomy was set at 5% in this period. Results: In-hospital morbidity over CD III was 17 (28%), The 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality was nil and two (3%), respectively. Male patient showed significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate (p<0.01). In the 37 patients (group woML), mean age was 67.8±8.7 years old ranging 45 and 84. Others included A) with severe complications or mortality in whom low mortality rate (group wML, n=13), B) without severe complications neither mortality in whom high mortality rate (group woMH, n=7), and C) with severe complications or mortality in whom high mortality rate (group wMH, n=4 (6.5%)). Age, distribution of elderly patients, gender, the hepatobiliary diseases and the prevalence of preoperative co-morbidity were not significantly different between groups. In the group wML, the bile leakage was dominant and, however, the in-hospital death was not observed. In the group wMH, all operations were right hepatectomy with bile duct resection (RH-BDR) for biliary malignancy and two died of hepatic failure and, however, the prevalence of RH-BDR was not significantly higher in comparison with other groups. Conclusions: Predictive mortality rate by risk calculator under nationwide survey did not always match with patient outcomes in the actual clinical setting and further improvement will be required. In case of RH-BDR for biliary malignancy with high predictive rate, the careful perioperative managements is important under the present nationwide database.

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The Frequency of, and Factors Associated with Prolonged Hospitalization: A Multicentre Study in Victoria, Australia

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9093055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 3055

Author(s):

Richard Ofori-Asenso ◽

Danny Liew ◽

Johan Mårtensson ◽

Daryl Jones

Keyword(s):

Hospital Mortality ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Current Smoker ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Discharge Disposition ◽

Prolonged Hospitalization ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Bed Days

Background: Limited available evidence suggests that a small proportion of inpatients undergo prolonged hospitalization and use a disproportionate number of bed days. Understanding the factors contributing to prolonged hospitalization may improve patient care and reduce the length of stay in such patients. Methods: We undertook a retrospective cohort study of adult (≥20 years) patients admitted for at least 24 h between 14 November 2016 and 14 November 2018 to hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Data including baseline demographics, admitting specialty, survival status and discharge disposition were obtained from the Victorian Admission Episode Dataset. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with prolonged hospitalization (≥14 days). Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to examine the association between various factors and in-hospital mortality. Results: There were almost 5 million hospital admissions over two years. After exclusions, 1,696,112 admissions lasting at least 24 h were included. Admissions with prolonged hospitalization comprised only 9.7% of admissions but utilized 44.2% of all hospital bed days. Factors independently associated with prolonged hospitalization included age, female gender, not being in a relationship, being a current smoker, level of co-morbidity, admission from another hospital, admission on the weekend, and the number of admissions in the prior 12 months. The in-hospital mortality rate was 5.0% for those with prolonged hospitalization compared with 1.8% in those without (p < 0.001). Prolonged hospitalization was also independently associated with a decreased likelihood of being discharged to home (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.52–0.54). Conclusions: Patients experiencing prolonged hospitalization utilize a disproportionate proportion of bed days and are at higher risk of in-hospital death and discharge to destinations other than home. Further studies are required to identify modifiable factors contributing to prolonged hospitalization as well as the quality of end-of-life care in such admissions.

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Intensive Care Unit and Hospital Outcomes of Patients Admitted with Blastomycosis: A 14-Year Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-220663/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yahya Almodallal ◽

Adham K Alkurashi ◽

Hasan Ahmad Hasan Albitar ◽

Hussam Jenad ◽

Suartcha Prueksaritanond ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Renal Replacement Therapy ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Admission Rate ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Life Threatening

Abstract Introduction: Blastomycosis is an uncommon; potentially life threatening granulomatous fungal infection. The aim of this study is to report hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes of patients admitted with blastomycosis. Methods: All patients admitted for treatment of blastomycosis at the Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Minnesota between 01/01/2006 and 09/30/2019 were included. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, ICU admission, and outcomes were reviewed.Results: A total of 84 Patients were identified with 93 unique hospitalizations primarily for blastomycosis. The median age at diagnosis was 49 (IQR 28.1-65, range: 6-85) years and 56 (66.7%) were male. The most frequent comorbidities included hypertension (n=28, 33.3%); immunosuppressed state (n=25, 29.8%) and diabetes mellitus (n=21, 25%). The lungs were the only organ involved in 56 (66.7%) cases and the infection was disseminated in 19 (22.6%) cases. A total of 29 patients (34.5%) underwent ICU admission due to complications of blastomycosis. ICU related events included mechanical ventilation (n=21, 25%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n=13, 15.5%), tracheostomy (n=9, 10.7%), renal replacement therapy (n=8, 9.5%), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (n=4, 4.8%). A total of 12 patients (14.3%) died in the hospital; all of whom had undergone ICU admission. In-hospital mortality was associated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) (P=0.0255).Conclusions: Blastomycosis is a serious, potentially life-threatening infection that results in significant morbidity and mortality with a 34.5% ICU admission rate. Renal replacement therapy was associated with in-hospital mortality.

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Patient trajectories among hospitalised COVID-19 patients vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine in Norway: a register-based cohort study

10.1101/2021.11.05.21265958 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Whittaker ◽

Anja Brathen Kristofferson ◽

Beatriz Valcarcel Salamanca ◽

Elina Seppala ◽

Karan Golestani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Capacity Planning ◽

Patient Management ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Vaccination Status ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Icu Admission

Objectives With most of the Norwegian population vaccinated against COVID-19, an increasing number and proportion of COVID-19 related hospitalisations are occurring among vaccinated patients. To support patient management and capacity planning in hospitals, we estimated the length of stay (LoS) in hospital and odds of intensive care (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients ≥18 years who had been vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine, compared to unvaccinated patients. Methods Using national registry data, we conducted a cohort study on SARS-CoV-2 positive patients hospitalised in Norway between 1 February and 30 September 2021, with COVID-19 as the main cause of hospitalisation. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to examine the association between vaccination status and LoS. We used logistic regression to examine the association between vaccination status and ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. Results We included 2,361 patients, including 70 (3%) partially vaccinated and 183 (8%) fully vaccinated. Fully vaccinated patients 18-79 years had a shorter LoS in hospital overall (adjusted hazard ratio for discharge: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.07-1.72), and lower odds of ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.33-0.96). Similar estimates were observed when collectively analysing partially and fully vaccinated patients. We observed no difference in the LoS for patients not admitted to ICU, nor odds of in-hospital death between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Conclusions Vaccinated patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Norway have a shorter LoS and lower odds of ICU admission than unvaccinated patients. These findings can support patient management and ongoing capacity planning in hospitals.

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Polymicrobial and monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis: clinical, laboratory, radiology, pathological hallmark and differences, a retrospective analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-264532/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eviatar Naaman ◽

Shachaf Shiber ◽

Daskin-Bitan Hadar ◽

Dafna Yahav ◽

Jihad Bishara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Mortality ◽

Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Medical Center ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Microbial Groups ◽

Vasopressor Use

Abstract Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening infection with high morbidity and mortality rates which should be diagnosed and treated with surgical and antibiotic therapy. Many studies have addressed NF and its subtypes, but few have reviewed the clinical, radiological and pathological differences between the poly-microbial and the mono-microbial groups. Objective: The objective of our study is to describe a relatively large cohort of patients with NF and study and compare the clinical, radiological and pathological differences between the poly-microbial (Pm) and the mono-microbial (Mm) groups.Methods: The charts of hospitalized patients with NF diagnosis from 2002-2019 at the Rabin Medical Center were reviewed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 90 days, secondary outcomes included duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, LRINEC score and the need for vasopressor use. Results: 81 patients with NF were included in the study, 54(66.6%) had Mm growth and 27(33.3%) had Pm growth. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the 90 days mortality, and moreover in hospital mortality was also insignificantly different. In a multivariate analysis, we found that 90 days mortality was more prevalent in the Mm group compared to Pm group. In addition, we found that in hospital mortality, ICU admission and vasopressors use were more frequent among the Mm-group compared to the Pm-group. Conclusions: our study is the first to compare the differences between the two most prevalent entities of NF. The results demonstrate better prognosis for Pm-NF, with minimal ICU stay, lower mortality, and lower use of vasopressors.

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