scholarly journals Low Rates of Hepatitis B Virus Screening at the Onset of Chemotherapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e32-e39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Hwang ◽  
Michael J. Fisch ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Michael A. Kallen ◽  
Mark J. Routbort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Screening

Future research directed toward identifying best screening methods and HBV risk tools will be necessary to reduce the risk of reactivation of HBV infection after chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ABEBE ◽  
D. J. NOKES ◽  
A. DEJENE ◽  
F. ENQUSELASSIE ◽  
T. MESSELE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus

A community-based seroepidemiological survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted in 1994 to inform on the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Venous blood from 4736 individuals under 50 years of age from 1262 households, selected using stratified cluster-sampling, was screened for HBV markers using commercial ELISAs. HBsAg prevalence was 7% (95% CI 6–8), higher in males (9%; 7–10) than females (5%; 4–6). HBeAg prevalence in HBsAg positives was 23% (18–29), and less than 1% of women of childbearing age were HBeAg positive. Overall HBV seroprevalence (any marker), rose steadily with age to over 70% in 40–49 year olds, indicating significant childhood and adult transmission. Estimated instantaneous incidence was 3–4/100 susceptibles/year, higher in males than females in 0–4 year olds, and peaking in early childhood and young adults. The age at which 50% had evidence of infection was around 20 years, and the herd immunity threshold is approximated at 63–77%. Addis Ababa is of intermediate-high HBV endemicity, with negligible perinatal transmission. Our main findings are the identification of a significant difference between males and females in the age-acquisition of HBV infection, and marked differences between age groups in HBV incidence rates. These results should target future research studies of underlying risk factors. Furthermore, we generate a crude estimate of the level of coverage of HBV vaccine that would be required to eliminate the virus from the study population.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors and Management of Hepatitis B Virus Screening in Mothers and Infants: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nurul Kurniati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Screening

ABSTRACT Background: The importance of screening for HBV infection is to identify the risk of perinatal transmission from infected mothers. People infected with HBV during infancy or childhood are more likely to suffer chronic infection to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for HBV infection. This study aimed to review the factors and management of hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were English/ Indonesian-language and full-text articles (scoping review, meta-analysis, systematic review)/ documents/ reports/ policy brief/ guidelines from WHO/ other organizations published between 2009 and 2019. The data were selected by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: The searched database obtained a total of 27.862 articles. After screening, 27.325 articles were excluded because of unmet the inclusion criteria. After conducting critical appraisal for the remaining 537 articles, only 11 articles were eligible for further review. The selected articles obtained from developing countries (China, South Africa, and Tanzania) and developed countries (Netherlands, Japan, Denmark, Northern Europe, and Canada) with quantitative studies design (cross-sectional, case series, and cohort) met the inclusion criteria. The findings emphasized on four main topics around hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants, namely demographic factors, risk factors, post-screening benefit, and challenges in screening uptake. Conclusion: Early detection of HBV infection with prenatal screening reduce the HBV prenatal transmission, especially from infected pregnancy. Screening plays an important role in the administration of universal infant HBV vaccination and postexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. Keywords: pregnant women, hepatitis B virus, perinatal transmission, screening Correspondence: Setianingsih. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 082242081295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.67

How Far we are towards Eradication of HBV Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Voiculescu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem with an important biological and a significant socio-economic impact all over the world. There is a high pressure to come up with a new and more efficient strategy against HBV infection, especially after the recent success of HCV treatment. Preventing HBV infection through vaccine is currently the most efficient way to decrease HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer incidence, as well as the best way to suppress the HBV reservoir. The vaccine is safe and efficient in 80-95% of cases. One of its most important roles is to reduce materno-fetal transmission, by giving the first dose of vaccine in the first 24 hours after birth. Transmission of HBV infection early in life is still frequent, especially in countries with high endemicity.Successful HBV clearance by the host is immune-mediated, with a complex combined innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immune response. Different factors, such as the quantity and the sequence of HBV epitope during processing by dendritic cells and presenting by different HLA molecules or the polymorphism of T cell receptors (TOL) are part of a complex network which influences the final response. A new potential therapeutic strategy is to restore T-cell antiviral function and to improve innate and adaptive immune response by immunotherapeutic manipulation.It appears that HBV eradication is far from being completed in the next decades, and a new strategy against HBV infection must be considered. Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APC: antigen presenting cells; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBIG: hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HbsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN: interferon; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analogues; pg RNA: pre genomic RNA; TLR: toll-like receptors; TOL: T cell receptors.

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an adult: a case report

Kanzo ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 615-619
Author(s):  
Yuichi Honma ◽  
Masaru Harada ◽  
Masaaki Hiura ◽  
Ryoichi Narita ◽  
Shintaro Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fiorino ◽  
L. Bacchi-Reggiani ◽  
S. Sabbatani ◽  
F. Grizzi ◽  
L. di Tommaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were ‘HBV therapy’, ‘HBV treatment’, ‘VE antiviral effects’, ‘tocopherol antiviral activity’, ‘miRNA antiviral activity’ and ‘VE microRNA’. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle,in vitroandin vivoavailable studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnancy: Immunological Response, Natural Course and Pregnancy Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2926
Author(s):  
Sirinart Sirilert ◽  
Theera Tongsong
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

This review aimed to provide an update on the impact of pregnancy on the natural course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and also on the impact of HBV infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). For the literature review, original research articles, review articles, and guidelines were narratively reviewed and comprehensively validated. The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL were carefully searched for articles in English on topics related to HBV infection, pregnancy, and vertical transmission from 1960 to May 2021. Immunological changes during pregnancy such as suppression of Th1 response and induction of Th2 immunity lead to an impaired immune reaction to HBV and stimulate viral activity along with the reduction of CD8 T cells to escape immune detection. The impact of pregnancy on the natural course of chronic HBV infection seems to be minimal, while pregnancy can increase morbidity and mortality in the case of advanced HBV hepatitis or cirrhosis. Importantly, hepatitis flare or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare can occur during pregnancy and is more common during the postpartum period due to the interaction between HBV and the immune response. Interestingly, the impact of HBV infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes is more serious than ever thought. Updated evidence indicates that pregnancies with chronic HBV infection increase the risk of preterm birth and gestational diabetes, especially in cases of positive hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg).

scholarly journals Epitope–Paratope Interaction of a Neutralizing Human Anti-Hepatitis B Virus PreS1 Antibody That Recognizes the Receptor-Binding Motif

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Jisu Hong ◽  
Youngjin Choi ◽  
Yoonjoo Choi ◽  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Hyo Jeong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Complementarity Determining Regions

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health burden that causes acute and chronic hepatitis. To develop an HBV-neutralizing antibody that effectively prevents HBV infection, we previously generated a human anti-preS1 monoclonal antibody (1A8) that binds to genotypes A–D and validated its HBV-neutralizing activity in vitro. In the present study, we aimed to determine the fine epitope and paratope of 1A8 to understand the mechanism of HBV neutralization. We performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis on the preS1 (aa 19–34, genotype C) and the heavy (HCDR) and light (LCDR) chain complementarity-determining regions. The 1A8 recognized the three residues (Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25) within the highly conserved receptor-binding motif (NPLGFFP) of the preS1, while four CDR residues of 1A8 were critical in antigen binding. Structural analysis of the epitope–paratope interaction by molecular modeling revealed that Leu100 in the HCDR3, Ala50 in the HCDR2, and Tyr96 in the LCDR3 closely interacted with Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25 of the preS1. Additionally, we found that 1A8 also binds to the receptor-binding motif (NPLGFLP) of infrequently occurring HBV. The results suggest that 1A8 may broadly and effectively block HBV entry and thus have potential as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.

scholarly journals SAT0140 SAFETY OF TOFACITINIB THERAPY IN HBSAG CARRIERS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1008.2-1008
Author(s):  
L. Fang ◽  
Z. Lin ◽  
Z. Liao ◽  
O. Jin ◽  
Y. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Group 1

Background:Targeted synthetic DMARDs (ts-DMARDs) are becoming more available and affordable in developing countries, where the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still an important public health issue. The safety of ts-DMARDs therapy in terms of the reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection need more concern. Rare data from a prospective study focus on the use of ts-DMARDs in patients with concurrent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and HBV infection were available by now.Objectives:To evaluate the influence of tofacitinib on reactivation of HBV infection in HBsAg carriers with RA.Methods:In this 52 weeks observation, HBsAg carriers with active RA (DAS28>5.1) despite failed combined treatment with MTX and other non-biological DMARDs were enrolled. Patients must have normal liver function prior to study. All patients received therapy with tofacitinib (5mg twice daily) and concomitant MTX (10-12.5mg/w). Entecavir was prescribed preventively for patients who had a baseline HBV load >2000 copy/ml (group 1), and Lamivudin for patients with HBV load ≤ 2000 copy/ml (group 2). Liver enzymes (AST/ALT) and HBV viral load were monitored every 4 weeks. Increased viral load and abnormal liver function were managed according to expert opinion.Results:Thirteen patients (10 female) were recruited. Nine patients had a baseline viral load >2000 copy/ml (group 1, with preventive Entecavir), and the other 4 patients had a viral load ≤ 2000 copy/ml (group 2, with preventive Lamivudin). Two patients from group 1 discontinued tofacitinib at week 12 due to ineffectiveness, and both continued taking Entecavir for another 3 months after the discontinuation of tofacitinib.No reactivation of hepatitis B was observed in patients from group 1. One patients (female, 54 years old) from group 2 underwent a mild increase of both ALT and AST (67 and 56 IU/L, respectively) at week 16. An elevated viral load (4.9e6 copies/ml, baseline 1.4e3) and a HBV YMDD mutant was also found. The tofacitinib treatment continued. After prescription of Adefovir (combined with the pre-existing Lamivudin), both liver enzyme and viral load decreased to normal range in 8 weeks and remained normal throughout the study.Conclusion:An aggressive Tofacitinib + MTX therapy may be a safe option for HBsAg carriers with cs-DMARDs refractory RA. More active and effective prophylaxis strategy may be recommended to reduce the risk of HBV reactivation during the treatment.References:[1]Chen YM, Huang WN, Wu YD, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving tofacitinib: a real-world study. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:780-2.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared

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