In vitro Laboratory Tests for the Diagnosis of Allergy

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Vijaya Knight ◽  
Preveen Ramamoorthy ◽  
Ronald J Harbeck
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests

scholarly journals Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian F. Burgess ◽  
Elizabeth R. Brunton ◽  
Christine M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Head Louse ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Louse Infestation ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Head Louse Infestation

Context.During the late 1990s, insecticide resistance had rendered a number of treatment products ineffective; some companies saw this as an opportunity to develop alternative types of treatment. We investigated the possibility that a surfactant-based lotion containing 10% cocamide diethanolamine (cocamide DEA) was effective to eliminate head louse infestation.Settings and Design.Initialin vitrotesting of the lotion formulation versus laboratory reared body/clothing lice, followed by two randomised, controlled, community-based, assessor blinded, clinical studies.Materials and Methods.Preliminary laboratory tests were performed by exposing lice or louse eggs to the product using a method that mimicked the intended use. Clinical Study 1: Children and adults with confirmed head louse infestation were treated by investigators using a single application of aqueous 10% cocamide DEA lotion applied for 60 min followed by shampooing or a single 1% permethrin creme rinse treatment applied to pre-washed hair for 10 min. Clinical Study 2: Compared two treatment regimens using 10% cocamide DEA lotion that was concentrated by hair drying. A single application left on for 8 h/overnight was compared with two applications 7 days apart of 2 h duration, followed by a shampoo wash.Results.The initial laboratory tests showed a pediculicidal effect for a 60 min application but limited ovicidal effect. A longer application time of 8 h or overnight was found capable of killing all eggs but this differed between batches of test material. Clinical Study 1: Both treatments performed badly with only 3/23 (13%) successful treatments using cocamide DEA and 5/25 (23.8%) using permethrin. Clinical Study 2: The single overnight application of cocamide DEA concentrated by hair drying gave 10/56 (17.9%) successes compared with 19/56 (33.9%) for the 2 h application regimen repeated after 1 week. Intention to treat analysis showed no significant difference (p= 0.0523) between the treatments. Over the two studies, there were 18 adverse events possibly or probably associated with treatment, most of which were increased pruritus after treatment.Conclusions.Cocamide DEA 10% lotion, even when concentrated by hair drying, showed limited activity to eliminate head louse infestation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the “Guanidez” disinfectant on the agents of bee infectious diseases in laboratory conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
O. S. Sirenko ◽  
O. V. Desyatnikova ◽  
V. B. Gurieva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Paenibacillus Alvei ◽  
Bactericidal Properties ◽  
European Foulbrood

The aim of the work is to study the effect of the disinfectant “Guanidez” on bee infectious diseases agents in vitro. Clinical-epizootological and microbiological methods have been used in the work. There were detected high disinfecting properties of the disinfectant “Guanidez” against pathogens of putrefactive diseases of bees. According to the results of the research, the technological regulation for the manufacturing of the preparation was developed: polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride at a concentration of at least 20.0%, hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of at least 35.0% and dimethylsulfoxide — 0.05 %. Disinfectant “Guanidez” exhibits pronounced bactericidal properties against the following cultures of microorganisms: Paenibacillus larvae (pathogen of American foulbrood), Melissococcus pluton, Paenibacillus alvei (pathogens of European foulbrood). The results of the “Guanidez” test indicate the effectiveness of the combined use of polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, hydrogen peroxide and dimethylsulfoxide. The analysis of the results of laboratory tests of the “Guanidez” disinfectant for prophylactic and forced disinfection confirm its effectiveness and expediency of use for the control of putrefactive diseases

Microchip system for monitoring microbial physiological behaviour under drug influences

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Arora ◽  
C S Lim ◽  
J Y Foo ◽  
M K Sakharkar ◽  
P Dixit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Adaptive Mutation ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Effective Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory

Single-step real-time high-throughput monitoring of drug influences on bacterial cell behaviour has become important with growing interests in personalized therapy and medication. Conventional microchip assemblies to perform similar work do exist. However, most of these devices have complex set-ups incorporating micromixers, separators, pumps, or valves. These microcomponents can sometimes damage the entities being monitored because of the creation of unfavourable biological environments. This paper presents a microchip-based system that enables single-step mixing of two solutions in various ratios, without the need for additional microcomponents such as mixers and pumps, in order to screen effectively their combinatory effects on cell outcomes. In this work, in-vitro experiments were carried out using ampicillin at various concentrations to investigate their effects on Escherichia coli ( E. coli). Results showed that the microchip provided effective screening, which yielded useful results such as effective dosages, ineffective dosages, and other possible outcomes; for instance, in this case, the occurrence of adaptive mutation of the bacteria at certain drug concentrations. Comparative microbiological laboratory tests were carried out as standard for confirmation of the results.

Comparative Effects of Platelet Suppressant Drugs on Platelet Survival Time

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Genton ◽  
J. Ellis ◽  
P. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Valvular Heart Disease ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Drug Effect ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Platelet Survival

The important role of platelets in thrombosis makes inhibitors of their reactivity potentially useful therapeutically. A number of laboratory tests have been identified which measure platelet reactivity, but it is not clear which test and which drug effect will correlate with thrombosis and thrombosis prevention. Platelet survival (SURV) correlates with thromboembolism in patients with valvular heart disease and is shortened in several other diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to identify drugs which prolong shortened SURV. Patients with arterial and venous thromboembolism and shortened SURV (51Chromium) were treated with platelet suppressants and restudied after 12 weeks. Sulfinpyrazone prolonged SURV(2.4±.04 to 3.1 ±.06 days; p < 0.001; n = 94; average ± SEM; normal, 3.7±.04 days) and 68 (72%) had some prolongation and 39 (42%) had normalization (> 3.3 days). Dipyridamole (100 mg qd) combined with aspirin (1200 mg qd) prolonged SURV (2.6±.11 to 3.2±0.12 days; p < 0.001; n = 13) and 9 of 13 (69%) had prolongation and 6 (46%) had normalization. Clofibrate altered SURV (2.6±.09 to 3.4±.14days;p < 0.001; n = 12) and 10 of 12 (83% ) had prolongation and normalization occurred in 6 (50%). Aspirin (1200 mg qd), cyproheptadine (32 mg qd) and propranolol (160 mg qd) failed to alter SURV.Thus, of drugs which alter in vitro tests of platelet reactivity, only sulfinpyrazone, dipyridamole and clofibrate improve shortened SURV.

An Arsenic-resistant Tick and its Control with “Gammexane” Dips.—Part II

1949 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. M. Whitnall ◽  
B. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Paralysis Tick

The rapid spread of the single host arsenic-resistant blue tick, B. decoloratus, a transmitter of piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis, seriously affected a large and important cattle ranching area in South Africa.Biological tests, using the laboratory technique described in an earlier paper, enabled the most effective “Gammexane” preparations to be rapidly selected from numbers of experimental dips. The technique was also employed as a supplement to chemical analyses of dip wash samples where only the total hexachlorocyclohexane and not gamma isomer was estimated. Twenty-thousand adult female ticks were used in these in vitro tests. Oil emulsions seemed more active than dispersible powders or pastes, but all tests indicated that 50 parts per million “Gammexane” should satisfactorily control the tick in the field.Laboratory tests with larvae of the blue tick showed that “Gammexane” had a persistent action and was very toxic to this stage of the tick. Excellent control of larval ticks could be anticipated in the field.In vitro tests indicated that “Gammexane” was effective against the two- and three-host ticks, R. evertsi, R. appendiculatus, A. hebraeum, H. silacea and Hyalomma spp., but hand dressing and shorter dipping intervals might be necessary to control these ticks in the field. The sheep paralysis tick, I. pilosus, seemed to be resistant to “Gammexane” but was readily killed by arsenic.

THE VALUE OF IN VITRO DIAGNOSTIC TESTING IN THE PROVISION OF MEDICAL CARE TO ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
A. S. Pushkin ◽  
O. V. Lyang ◽  
T. A. Ahmedov ◽  
S. A. Rukavishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Attending Physicians ◽  
The Impact

In vitro diagnostics are used at all stages of patient care. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of laboratory examination on clinical decision-making in providing medical care to patients with a cardiovascular profile. We also took into account the level of financing for the laboratory industry in the Russian Federation. We divided our study on three sequential steps: literature review, survey of clinicians and test-survey of clinicians. The share of costs for the laboratory tests in 2017 amounted to about 8% of the total funding for Russian health care. About 80% (70; 90) of the visits of the attending physicians are associated with the appointment of laboratory tests. Among patients who were prescribed any laboratory test - in 62.1% (95% CI 16.9-24.9) cases, the results of these tests influenced clinical decision making related to the initiation, modification or termination of any treatment. All visits of clinicians were divided by purpose: tests were prescribed in almost 100% (90; 100) cases during the initial examination, in 40% (20; 60) cases during repeated visits, and in 40% (15; 40) cases when patients were examined before discharge. In more than half of cases (57,4%; n=31), doctors correctly assumed about the about the share of financing of the laboratory industry. The majority of respondents considered the amount of expenses adequate and recommended to maintain the current level in the future. According to attending physicians, new laboratory markers should demonstrate additional information about clinical relevance to improve patient outcomes. Thus, in current economic realities, future laboratory tests should be financially maximally available and at the same time be clinically highly effective auxiliary instruments. It creates new challenges in finding laboratory biomarkers and putting them into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Performance of Diagnostic Tests for Plasma Cell Myeloma

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5570-5570
Author(s):  
Gilda Zagoya ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz-Argüelles ◽  
Guillermo J. Ruiz-Arguelles
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Plasma Cell Myeloma ◽  
Immunoglobulin Light Chains ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Total Immunoglobulin

Abstract Introduction. In vitro laboratory tests to diagnose of plasma cell myeloma vary considerably in sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values. We compared the performance of quantification of free immunoglobulin light chains with other methods used to detect a monoclonal protein in serum and/or urine. Objective. Compare sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of several in vitro laboratory tests to detect monoclonal proteins in serum and urine in persons with plasma cell myeloma. Methods. 70 subjects with plasma cell myeloma and 50 controls were studied. Diagnostic tests included: (1) quantification of free and total immunoglobulin light-chains by immune assays; (2) immune fixation of heavy-and light-chains in serum and urine after gel electrophoresis; and (3) serum protein capillary electrophoresis. Diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma was based on clinical and radiological criteria, bone marrow examination and flow cytometric immune phenotyping with monoclonal antibodies to CD56, CD19, CD138 (CD38) and CD45. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for each tests were estimated from contingency tables. Results. Quantification of free immmunoglobulin light-chains had the highest sensitivity and specificity and best positive and negative predictive values. Immune fixation of serum immunoglobulins was next best. Quantification of total immunoglobulin light-chains was the least sensitive and specific with the worst positive and negative predictive values. Quantitation of free light-chains had the additional advantage of objectivity (independence from observer bias). The immune fixation test was the most subject to observer bias. Conclusion. Quantification of free immunoglobulin light-chains had the best sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for diagnosing plasma cell myeloma. (Table 1) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Artificial neural networks in diagnosis of thyroid function from in vitro laboratory tests

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2248-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Sharpe ◽  
H E Solberg ◽  
K Rootwelt ◽  
M Yearworth
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Artificial Neural

Abstract We studied the potential benefit of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the diagnosis of thyroid function. We examined two types of ANN architecture and assessed their robustness in the face of diagnostic noise. The thyroid function data we used had previously been studied by multivariate statistical methods and a variety of pattern-recognition techniques. The total data set comprised 392 cases that had been classified according to both thyroid function and 19 clinical categories. All cases had a complete set of results of six laboratory tests (total thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, triiodothyronine uptake test, thyrotropin, and thyroxine-binding globulin). This data set was divided into subsets used for training the networks and for testing their performance; the test subsets contained various proportions of cases with diagnostic noise to mimic real-life diagnostic situations. The networks studied were a multilayer perceptron trained by back-propagation, and a learning vector quantization network. The training data subsets were selected according to two strategies: either training data based on cases with extreme values for the laboratory tests with randomly selected nonextreme cases added, or training cases from very pure functional groups. Both network architectures were efficient irrespective of the type of training data. The correct allocation of cases in test data subsets was 96.4-99.7% when extreme values were used for training and 92.7-98.8% when only pure cases were used.

Effect of Some Drugs on Clinical Laboratory Values as Determined by the Technicon SMA 12/60

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
H P Singh ◽  
M A Hebert ◽  
M H Gault
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biochemical Laboratory ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Abstract We examined the quantitative in vitro effects of 45 drugs on 12 automated biochemical laboratory tests done on the Technicon SMA 12/60. Of these, 25 drugs in 1 mmol/liter concentration interfered in one or more of the assays. However, only eight drugs (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, p-aminosalicylate, isoniazid, L-dopa, α-methyldopa, 6-mercaptopurine, sulfathiazole, and ascorbic acid) reacted positively with the test reagents at concentrations likely to occur in plasma after administration of maximum single therapeutic doses. A slight false elevation of plasma uric acid and a major false increase in urine values occurred in patients after ingestion of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol and phenacetin, corresponding to the greater concentrations of these drugs and their metabolites in urine. The relative importance of various factors affecting the influence of drugs on biochemical test values is discussed.

In Vitro Measurements of Thyroid Hormones

1976 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
W. F. D. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Considerable Confusion ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

AbstractConsiderable confusion among requesting physicians is often engendered by the multiplicity of laboratory tests of thyroid function. This paper seeks to set out in a simple manner the main in vitro techniques employed in this laboratory to measure serum thyroid hormone levels, their strengths and their weaknesses.

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