Quantitative Methods for Analyzing Experimental Studies in Patient Ergonomics Research

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease featured by progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (DA) accompanied with motor function impairment. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that natural compounds from herbs have potent anti-PD efficacy in PD models. Among those compounds, resveratrol, a polyphenol found in many common plants and fruits, is more effective against PD. Resveratrol has displayed a potent neuroprotective efficacy in several PD animal models. However, there is still no systematic analysis of the quality of methodological design of these studies, nor of their results. In this review, we retrieved and analyzed 18 studies describing the therapeutic effect of resveratrol on PD animal models. There are 5 main kinds of PD rodent models involved in the 18 articles, including chemical-induced (MPTP, rotenone, 6-OHDA, paraquat, and maneb) and transgenic PD models. The neuroprotective mechanisms of resveratrol were mainly concentrated on the antioxidation, anti-inflammation, ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, and motor function. We discussed the disadvantages of different PD animal models, and we used meta-analysis approach to evaluate the results of the selected studies and used SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool to evaluate the methodological quality. Our analytical approach minimized the bias of different studies. We have also summarized the pharmacological mechanisms of resveratrol on PD models as reported by the researchers. The results of this study support the notion that resveratrol has significant neuroprotective effects on different PD models quantified using qualitative and quantitative methods. The collective information in our review can guide researchers to further plan their future experiments without any hassle regarding preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, this collective assessment of animal studies can provide a qualitative analysis of different PD animal models, either to guide further testing of these models or to avoid unnecessary duplication in their future research.

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Quantitative Epidemiology

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/s0195941700003842 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 249-255

Author(s):

Jonathan Freeman

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Hospital Epidemiology ◽

Quantitative Epidemiology ◽

Control Study

AbstractWe provide guidance for new practitioners in the vocabulary of modern epidemiology and the application of quantitative methods. Most hospital epidemiology involves surveillance (observational) data that were not part of a planned experiment, so the rubric and logic of controlled experimental studies cannot be applied. Forms of incidence and prevalence often are confused. The names “cohort study” and “case-control study” are unfortunate, as cohort studies rarely involve cohorts and case-control studies allow no active control by the investigator. Either type of study can be prospective or retrospective. Results of studies with discrete outcomes (infected or not, lived or died) often are represented best by a form of the risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The potential distorting effects of selection bias, misclassification, and confounding need to be considered.

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Learning Methods for Accounting Students: Explore The Effectiveness of Traditional Learning and Laptop-Based Active Learning

JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN BISNIS Jurnal Program Studi Akuntansi ◽

10.31289/jab.v7i1.4409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

Rizki Hamdani ◽

Ayu Chairina Laksmi ◽

Wirawan Hardinto

Keyword(s):

Active Learning ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Accounting Students ◽

Traditional Learning ◽

Class A ◽

Class B ◽

Business Course ◽

Learning Types ◽

Better Than

The main purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of Traditional Learning (TL) and Laptop-Based Active Learning (LAL) in the achievement of accounting students’ competence. This study is quantitative methods approach comprising of a systematic literature review, data analysis, and experimental studies on the two classes applying a different learning approach. Class A with 40 students applied the LAL approach, while class B with 38 students applied the TL approach. Students in the two classes received different treatments, but the question items tested were the same. This study also uses the independent samples t-test to analyze the hypotheses from the two data groups, both those using TL and LAL learning types. Overall, this study demonstrates that the accounting students’ learning achievement is higher when the class uses LAL approach instead of TL approach and that the LAL approach is better than the TL approach, especially on the Descriptive Statistics for Business course at Accounting Department, Islamic University of Indonesia.

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Pengaruh Penggunaan Medial Arc Support Terhadap Tingkat Kelelahan Dan Stress Pada Penderita Fascitis Plantaris

Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.37341/interest.v7i1.66 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yopi Harwinanda Ardesa ◽

Cica Tri Mandasari Ningsih ◽

Muhammad Syaifuddin

Keyword(s):

Plantar Fasciitis ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

P Value ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Reduction Of Pain ◽

Study Population ◽

Arch Support

Abstract: Plantaris Fascitis, Medial Arc Support, Fatigue, Stress. This research purpose to know the effect of Medial Arc Support in patients with plantar fascitis against fatigue and stress on employees packing PT TPS Food TBK. Experimental studies using quantitative methods to approach one group pretest-posttest design. The study population was all employees at PT TPS Food packing TBK suffering from plantar fascitis. To measure the reduction of pain in the plantar fasciitis with measuring tools such as Visual Analoc Scale by taking data on the day before treatment done and a day after the last treatment carried out (4 weeks). Examination carried out under pain painful motion, silent pain, and tenderness. Examination of pain before and after treatment. The results showed the average pretest fatigue patients with plantar fasciitis (24.60) while the average post-test (20.20). Wilcoxon test results showed statistical p value 0,000 <0,05 so that there is influence of Medial Arch Support to decrease fatigue in patients with plantar fasciitis. With the conclusion of the conclusions There is the influence of Medial Arch Support to decrease stress levels in patients with plantar fasciitis with p value 0,000 <0,05. There is the influence of Medial Arch Support to decrease fatigue in patients with plantar fasciitis with p value 0,000 <0,05.

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Quantitative Human Rights

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.603 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda M. Murdie ◽

K. Ann Watson

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

New Technologies ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Physical Integrity ◽

The Creation ◽

The Impact ◽

Events Data

Quantitative human rights scholarship is increasing. New data sets and methods have helped researchers examine a broad array of research questions concerning the many human rights laid out in the United Nations’ 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and related documents. These innovations have enabled quantitative human rights scholarship to better connect to existing qualitative and theoretical literatures and have improved advocacy efforts. Quantitative scholars have primarily operationalized the concept of human rights through the use of four kinds of data: events data (such as counts of abuses or attacks), standards-based data (such as coded scores), survey data, and socioeconomic statistics (such as maternal mortality or malnutrition rates). Each type of data poses particular challenges and weaknesses for analyses, including the biased undercounts of events data and the potential for human error or biases in survey or standards-based data. The human rights field has also seen a systematic overrepresentation of analyses of physical integrity rights, which have fewer component parts to measure. Furthermore, qualitative scholars have pointed out that it is difficult for quantitative data to capture the process of human rights improvement over time. The creation of new technologies and methodologies has allowed quantitative researchers to lessen the impact of these data weaknesses: Latent variables allow scholars to create aggregate measures from a variety of classes of quantitative data, as well as understandings from qualitative scholars, leading to the creation of new measures for rights other than physical integrity rights. New machine learning techniques and algorithms are giving scholars access to greater amounts of data than ever before, improving event counts. Expert surveys are pulling new voices into the data-generating process and incorporating practitioners into data processes that are too often restricted to academics. Experimental studies are furthering the field’s understanding of the processes underlying advocacy. Drawing on the lessons of past work, future scholars can use quantitative methods to improve the field’s theoretical and practical understandings of human rights.

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Comparative study of methods for the quantification of biofilm on complete dentures

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242004000300007 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 215-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos ◽

Cláudia Helena Lovato da Silva

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Methods ◽

Grid Point ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Complete Dentures ◽

Point Counting ◽

Geometric Figures ◽

Validation Test ◽

Computerized Method ◽

Internal Surfaces ◽

Weighing Method

This study compared the application and reliability of 4 methods for biofilm quantification (computerized, paper-weighing, point-counting, and planimetric) in complete dentures, verifying the correlation between them. The internal surfaces of 62 complete dentures were stained (5% erythrosine) and photographed. The slides were projected on paper, and the areas (total and biofilm-covered) were outlined with a pencil. These areas were measured with an equidistant point grid (point-counting method), a digital planimeter (planimetric method), and for the paper weighing method they were cut and weighed with a precision scale. For the computerized method, ImageTool software was used. In order to perform a validation test of the methods, all of them were applied to slide projections of geometric figures with known dimensions. The correlation tests showed high correlation values (r = 0.82 to 0.99) among the methods. The validation test (ANOVA) showed no statistically significant differences among the values obtained from the measurement of figures using all four quantitative methods and the real dimensions of these geometric figures. Quantitative methods were efficient and reliable for measuring quantity of biofilm in complete dentures, and may be useful in experimental studies on the efficacy of hygiene products. The computerized method was fast and easy to perform.

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Measurement Uncertainty in Microbiology

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/86.5.1089 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 1089-1094 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lynne I Forster

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Methods ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Published Data ◽

Routine Laboratory ◽

Uncertainty Of Measurement ◽

Microbiological Method ◽

Control Data ◽

Testing Laboratories ◽

Quality Control Data ◽

Estimate Uncertainty

Abstract Testing laboratories wishing to comply with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:1999 need to estimate uncertainty of measurement for their quantitative methods. Many microbiological laboratories have had procedures available for monitoring variability in duplicate results generated by laboratory analysts for some time. These procedures, however, do not necessarily include all possible contributions to uncertainty in the calculations. Procedures for estimating microbiological method uncertainty, based on the Poisson distribution, have been published but, at times, the procedures can either underestimate uncertainty or require laboratories to undertake considerable experimental studies and more complex statistical calculations. This paper proposes procedures for estimating uncertainty of measurement in microbiology, whereby routine laboratory quality control data can be analyzed with simple statistical equations. The approaches used in these procedures are also applied to published data and examples, demonstrating that essentially equivalent results can be obtained with these procedures.

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The effect of pre-anaesthetic assessment clinic: a systematic review of randomised and non-randomised prospective controlled studies

10.1101/2021.06.04.21258364 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eirunn Kristoffersen ◽

Anne Opsal ◽

Tor Tveit ◽

Rigmor Berg ◽

Mariann Fossum

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Anaesthetic Assessment

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of pre-anaesthetic assessment clinics (PACs) implemented to improve quality and patient safety in perioperative care. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: The electronic databases CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Medline, and Embase (OvidSP) were systematically searched from 1st April, 1996 to 4th February, 2021. Eligibility criteria: The main inclusion criterion was that the study, using empirical quantitative methods, addressed the effectiveness of PACs. Data extraction and synthesis: Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened in duplicate by two authors. Risk of bias assessment, using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies, and data extraction were performed by one author and checked by the other author. Results were synthesised narratively owing to the heterogeneity of the included studies. Results: Seven prospective controlled studies were conducted. Most studies had a high risk of bias. Three studies reported a significant reduction in the length of the hospital stay, and two studies reported a significant reduction in cancellation of surgery for medical reasons when patients were seen in the PAC. In addition, the included studies presented mixed results regarding anxiety in patients. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrated a reduction in the length of hospital stay and cancellation of surgery when the patients had been assessed in the PAC. There is a need for high-quality prospective studies to gain a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of PACs. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019137724

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Luminous Color in Architecture: Exploring Methodologies for Design-Relevant Research

Enquiry A Journal for Architectural Research ◽

10.17831/enq:arcc.v12i1.392 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ute Christa Besenecker ◽

Ted Krueger

Keyword(s):

Architectural Design ◽

Large Scale ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Hybrid Methods ◽

Academic Research ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Research Approach ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽

Research Fields

This paper describes our process in conducting research toward better understanding of the experience and perception of luminous colors in architectural contexts. Our intention is to contribute to a body of knowledge useful for designers by introducing a designerly way of working into an otherwise academic research approach. Luminous color influences our perception of form, space, and ambiance. The use of such color in architectural design has increased significantly over the past two decades, and with the advent of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), this trend is rapidly accelerating. However, LEDs produce luminous color in a different manner than traditional lighting systems. Identical-appearing colors can have different spectral compositions. Current work in health and perception sciences demonstrates that these different spectra can have distinct physiological and neurological effects. Current studies in different academic research fields into luminous color cannot be translated easily into a format relevant to architectural design. We therefore look to ways of studying the phenomenon using hybrid methods that would be consistent with design disciplines and goals. Efforts include structured experimental studies at a large scale to enable participants to experience different vantage points, peripheral perceptions, and free locomotion. The objective is to listen to the phenomenon and let it guide the research. We are following a process and developing research methods that are at a scale and in contexts appropriate to architectural applications. Although we borrow qualitative and quantitative methods from other disciplines for our individual studies, the overall goal is to remain fluid and open, to go beyond such established methods, structuring the endeavor as much as possible as a design process. Our approach is less structured than laboratory research, but targeted to be more ecologically and architecturally valid.

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3-D reconstruction and analysis of mammalian mitotic spindle structure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123295 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 578-579

Author(s):

Kent McDonald ◽

David Mastronarde ◽

Rubai Ding ◽

Eileen O'Toole ◽

J. Richard McIntosh

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Mitotic Spindle ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Video Camera ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Mitotic Spindles ◽

Black And White ◽

Reconstruction Methods ◽

Spindle Structure ◽

Tissue Culture Line

Mammalian spindles are generally large and may contain over a thousand microtubules (MTs). For this reason they are difficult to reconstruct in three dimensions and many researchers have chosen to study the smaller and simpler spindles of lower eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the mammalian spindle is used for many experimental studies and it would be useful to know its detailed structure.We have been using serial cross sections and computer reconstruction methods to analyze MT distributions in mitotic spindles of PtK cells, a mammalian tissue culture line. Images from EM negatives are digtized on a light box by a Dage MTI video camera containing a black and white Saticon tube. The signal is digitized by a Parallax 1280 graphics device in a MicroVax III computer. Microtubules are digitized at a magnification such that each is 10-12 pixels in diameter.

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