Municipal Wastewater Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Mary K. Theodore ◽  
Louis Theodore
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management

scholarly journals Hauled liquid waste as a pollutant of soils and waters in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Karczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Abstract Hauled liquid waste as a pollutant of soils and waters in Poland. Improperly maintained holding tanks are often underestimated source of contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water. As a rule, wastewater stored in holding tanks, should be transported and treated in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). There are 2,257,000 holding tanks in Poland, located mainly in rural areas. The article presents the results of analysis of wastewater management in 20 rural and urban-rural communes, which were chosen at random from the total number of 2,174 communes in Poland. The only criterion of commune selection was total or partial lack of sewerage system. Analysis of the collected data showed that on average only 27% of liquid waste from holding tanks ended at the WWTPs. The median is even lower and amounts to 17.5%. More than 4,000 Mg of P and 26,000 Mg of N is dispersed in the environment in uncontrolled manner. Those diffuse point sources of pollution may be one of the reasons in the difficulty of achieving of good ecological status of rivers and affect the quality of the Baltic Sea.

Rainwater harvesting and management – policy and regulations in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schuetze
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Decentralized Management ◽  
Private Actors

This paper discusses the most important policies and regulations supporting the decentralized management, harvesting and utilization of rainwater in Germany, where such measures have been increasingly applied during the last few decades. The development and implementation of specific policies and regulations contributed significantly to that trend. They also work as incentives for the development of advanced technologies and businesses as well as the widespread and growing implementation of measures for decentralized rainwater management, harvesting and utilization by public and private actors. This development can generally be associated with environmental and economic concerns related with required adaptation to changes in climate, demographic structures and infrastructures as well as climate resilience including flood control and drought resistance. The addressed and supported measures can be assigned to the two focus areas ‘Decentralized rainwater harvesting and utilization’, aiming for saving of precious fresh water resources and centrally supplied drinking water, as well as ‘decentralized rainwater retention and management’, aiming for flood control and protection of existing infrastructures and ecosystems. The decentralized management of rainwater and its separation from combined sewer systems at the source is generally regarded as the state of the art and basic condition for sustainable municipal wastewater management.

A conceptual model for decentralized municipal wastewater management

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Abstract This paper proposes a conceptual model for selecting the centralization level for wastewater management in urban areas, which is associated with main sewage collectors and wastewater treatment facilities. The model is supported in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Cost-Benefit Analysis. Additionally, the model is based on the results of variables and indicators identified previously through an expert consultation process and prioritized by Ranking and Rating Multi-criteria Analysis. Three municipalities of Colombia were used as case studies for model validation purposes. As a result, decentralized plans can be a viable option when their associated benefits are quantified.

scholarly journals Cost of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Ecotaxes: Evidence from Municipalities in Southern Europe

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Encarnación Moral Pajares ◽  
Leticia Gallego Valero ◽  
Isabel Román Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

The principle of cost recovery established by the Water Framework Directive underlines the need for tax rates, which can raise enough revenue to finance the cost of treatments applied to wastewater. The objective of this research is to gain an understanding the different types of charges related to urban wastewater treatment that can be levied by the authorities responsible for this service. This paper also aims to determine whether these taxes contribute to guaranteeing the economic feasibility of the wastewater treatment plants. The proposed methodological approach is applied to 18 municipalities of a province in southern Europe in 2017. The results confirm that in most of these cases, the taxes levied do not guarantee adequate tax revenues to cover the running, maintenance and investment costs of municipal wastewater treatment plants. This situation leads to a lack of financial self-sufficiency in the wastewater management service, meaning that the imbalance between income and expenditure has to be covered by government subsidies. The results of this study will help guide authorities around the world that are in charge of managing urban wastewater treatment services.

Multi-species plant systems for wastewater quality improvements and habitat enhancement

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Karpiscak ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
Pamela M. Watt ◽  
Kennith E. Foster ◽  
Jeanne A. Falabi
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Pima County ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Habitat Enhancement ◽  
Constructed Ecosystems

The use of macrophytic plants for the treatment of municipal wastewater is growing rapidly. The Constructed Ecosystems Research Facility (CERF) is a joint project of the Pima County Wastewater Management Department and The University of Arizona's Office of Arid Lands Studies. The facility consists of five 30-mil-hyperlon-lined raceways measuring 61 m long, 8.2 m wide, and 1.4 m deep and one slightly larger raceway. Research has been and is being conducted with aquatic plants such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Lemna spp.), giant reed (Arundo donax), bulrush (Scirpus olneyi), black willow (Salix nigra), and cottonwood (Populus fremontii). Composite water samplers are used to collect refrigerated samples from incoming secondary wastewater from Pima County's Sewage Treatment Facility and from the effluent leaving each raceway. Water samples have been analyzed for parameters such as pH, BOD5, and total nitrogen. Microbiological studies have concentrated on the removal of indicator coliform bacteria, as well as Giardia, Cryptosporidium and viruses from the wastewater. Data from the water quality studies indicate that these constructed ecosystems reduce BOD5 consistently to below the 10 mg/L BOD5 tertiary standard, remove nitrogen as well as decrease the concentration of pathogens significantly.

scholarly journals Identification of Biogenic Sulphate Corrosion of Concrete in Sewage Treatment Plant Settling Tank Walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Łukasz Krysiak ◽  
Paweł Falaciński ◽  
Łukasz Szarek
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Processes

Abstract One of the basic threats in terms of concrete used for tanks or ducts applied in wastewater management is the phenomenon of biogenic sulphate corrosion (BSC). BSC is a particular case of corrosion caused by the action of sulphuric acid (IV), which is formed as a result of a number of biochemical processes, which can take place, e.g. in an environment encountered within the aforementioned structures. Ions present in sulphuric acid react with cement hydration products, which leads to replacing the primary cement matrix components with compounds easily-soluble or highly-swelling during crystallization. The outcome of advanced corrosion is usually an observed formation of a white, amorphous, sponge-like mass, which is easily separated from the underlying concrete. The article discusses a case study of a BSC process in a newly constructed primary settling tank in a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

scholarly journals Intergrated Water Management in the Wood Manufacturing Industry

2017 ◽  
pp. 305-313
Author(s):  
William Hogland ◽  
Marcia Marques
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Catchment Areas

Industrial wastewater management is still neglected in a dominating part of the companies in Sweden and it is not considered as a threat to health of man and environment. The Environmental Science  &Engineering Research Group (ESERG) at LNU has under financial support of KK-foundation and large/medium-size companies in Southern Sweden been studied. Even though the problem has been studied for half a century there is knowledge missing and the stormwater is still a growing problem. Every time rain falls, it washes off oils, microorganisms, litter, sediments, fertilizers, and foreign chemicals from streets, parking lots, lawns, dumpster pads, metal roofs as well from landfill, industrial and harbour sites. Industrial facilities with large impervious surfaces for different types of handling of materials are generating stormwater effluents of different qualities which vary during different time periods and same stands for process water generated of a variety of volumes and often of high pollutant concentrations. In some catchment areas, industrial and small business activities can release a significant portion of some pollutants that ends up directly into receiving waters but also at the municipal wastewater treatment plant. Small businesses and enterprises do not pay attention to routine operations and neither have they had the economic resources to implement preventive measures, treatment facilities or to employ expertise on their particular environmental issues. The project “Development of an Integrated Approach for Industrial Wastewater and Stormwater Management in the Wood Industry Sector” has generated new knowledge about industrial waste water treatment that will be presented at the Linnaeus Ecotech 10 international conference.

SBR Technology Used for Advanced Combined Municipal and Tannery Wastewater Treatment with High Receiving Water Standards

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Banas ◽  
E. Plaza ◽  
W. Styka ◽  
J. Trela
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Plant Operation

The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Nowy Targ, Poland, is the largest in Europe based on classical sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology. The plant was completed in April 1995 as one of the essential elements in a program for the protection of the water quality in the Czorsztyn Reservoir. The process technology was designed for application to a typical municipal wastewater with a separate unit to treat tannery wastewater containing chromium. Experience from plant operation showed that the municipal wastewater inflow to the WWTP included tannery wastewater with increasing chromium concentrations, caused by poor wastewater management in the city. The average value in the influent was around 3 mg Cr/l (1996-1997) and showed an increasing trend. Investigations were focused on identification of the factors affecting the process performance. In this paper, evaluation of the treatment efficiency and process performance during 2 years of plant operation is presented, including studies of nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal. A cycle analysis was performed to investigate the reduction of different parameters during different phases of a cycle. Results of a sludge activity study based on OUR, AUR and NUR tests are presented and discussed.

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