Rainwater and floodwater harvesting for crop irrigation Dieter Prinz, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany

2018 ◽  
pp. 185-224
Keyword(s):  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute ◽  
Crop Irrigation

scholarly journals KIT coaxial gyrotron development: from ITER toward DEMO

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ruess ◽  
K. A. Avramidis ◽  
M. Fuchs ◽  
G. Gantenbein ◽  
Z. Ioannidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Electron Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Coaxial Cavity ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Coaxial Gyrotron ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) is doing research and development in the field of megawatt-class radio frequency (RF) sources (gyrotrons) for the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) systems of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and the DEMOnstration Fusion Power Plant that will follow ITER. In the focus is the development and verification of the European coaxial-cavity gyrotron technology which shall lead to gyrotrons operating at an RF output power significantly larger than 1 MW CW and at an operating frequency above 200 GHz. A major step into that direction is the final verification of the European 170 GHz 2 MW coaxial-cavity pre-prototype at longer pulses up to 1 s. It bases on the upgrade of an already existing highly modular short-pulse (ms-range) pre-prototype. That pre-prototype has shown a world record output power of 2.2 MW already. This paper summarizes briefly the already achieved experimental results using the short-pulse pre-prototype and discusses in detail the design and manufacturing process of the upgrade of the pre-prototype toward longer pulses up to 1 s.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of H2-Air Deflagration in the Presence of Concentration Gradients

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kudriakov ◽  
E. Studer ◽  
M. Kuznetsov ◽  
J. Grune
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gravity Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Flame Acceleration ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute

A set of experiments performed at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in the framework of the LACOMECO European project is devoted to flame propagation in an obstructed large scale facility A3 (of 8 m height and 33 m3 volume) with initially vertical hydrogen concentration gradients. Almost linear positive and negative (relative to gravity) concentration gradients are created prior to ignition in the range from 4% to 13%, and the process of flame acceleration is investigated depending on hydrogen concentration gradient and ignition positions. In this paper we describe the A3 facility and analyse the experimental data obtained during the project. The results of numerical simulation performed using Europlexus code are presented together with the critical discussions and conclusions.

scholarly journals A Cooperative and Competitive Workshop in Mechatronics Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Stefan Krebs ◽  
Sebastian Schmidt ◽  
Sven Matthiesen ◽  
Sören Hohmann
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
High Level ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute

This paper presents a new mechatronics laboratory for students in the 5th semester of the mechatronics degree course at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. It is the aim of this teaching event to sharpen the appreciation of synergy effects in the development of mechatronic systems among the students. Despite of the great freedom in the development process, a concept has been evolved, which causes low running costs due to the combination of a model kit with rapid prototyping methods. A first pilot study of the laboratory starting in the winter term 2014 has shown that the students approach the task despite of the high level of difficulty with fun and dedication, especially because of the wide solution space which was unknown for them from previous lectures.

The PACE-1450 Test Campaign - Leakage Behaviour of a Pre-Stressed Concrete Containment Wall Segment

2016 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 863-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Herrmann ◽  
Harald S. Müller ◽  
Christoph Niklasch ◽  
Sylvie Michel-Ponnelle ◽  
Benoît Masson
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute

Investigating nuclear power plant containments under accidental conditions obviously leads to the question of possible leakage through cracks of the pre-stressed concrete containment. In the last decades a number of civil engineering R&D programs dedicated to theoretical and experimental analyses have been performed. For the PACE-1450 experiment a leakage testing facility for pre-stressed curved specimen has been built in the laboratory of the Materials Testing and Research Institute (MPA Karlsruhe) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The test campaign has now been successfully finished with the evaluation of gained results still ongoing. The first half of the campaign was mainly dedicated to the cracking of the realistically reinforced specimen while the second half was focussing on the leakage behaviour of the cracked specimen. In the tests cold air, heated air and air-steam mixtures were used.

scholarly journals HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF CHROME-NICKEL ALLOY

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Adéla Chalupová ◽  
Martin Steinbrück ◽  
Mirco Grosse ◽  
Jakub Krejčí ◽  
Martin Ševeček
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute ◽  
Nuclear Applications

The investigations in this paper deal with the Cr-Ni alloy. The material has been recently proposed as a potential ATF concept, primarily due to its behaviour under high-temperature oxidation. A set of experiments to determine the melting point and describe the oxidation kinetics of the Cr-Ni alloy were performed in Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Presented results reveal its superb oxidation resistance comparing to zirconium alloys. Therefore, the alloy has a great potential for nuclear applications.

scholarly journals Improved calibration procedures for the EM27/SUN spectrometers of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberti ◽  
Frank Hase ◽  
Matthias Frey ◽  
Darko Dubravica ◽  
Thomas Blumenstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Network ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Open Path ◽  
Original Laboratory ◽  
Instrumental Line ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Network Instrument ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. In this study, an extension on the previously reported status of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network’s (COCCON) calibration procedures incorporating refined methods is presented. COCCON is a global network of portable Bruker EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometers for deriving column-averaged atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases. The original laboratory open-path lamp measurements for deriving the instrumental line shape (ILS) of the spectrometer from water vapour lines have been refined and extended to the secondary detector channel incorporated in the EM27/SUN spectrometer for detection of carbon monoxide (CO). The refinements encompass improved spectroscopic line lists for the relevant water lines and a revision of the laboratory pressure measurements used for the analysis of the spectra. The new results are found to be in good agreement with those reported by Frey et al. (2019), and discussed in detail. In addition, a new calibration cell for ILS measurements was designed, constructed and put into service. Spectrometers calibrated since January 2020 were tested using both methods for ILS characterisation, open path (OP) and cell measurements. We demonstrate that both methods can detect the small variations of ILS characteristics between different spectrometers, but the results of the cell method indicate a systematic bias of the OP method. Finally, a revision and extension of the COCCON network instrument-to-instrument calibration factors for XCO2, XCO, and XCH4 is presented, incorporating 47 new spectrometers (of 83 in total by now). This calibration is based on the reference EM27/SUN spectrometer operated by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and spectra collected by the collocated TCCON station Karlsruhe. Variations in the instrumental characteristics of the reference EM27/SUN during 2014 to 2017 were detected probably arising from realignment and the dual-channel upgrade performed in early 2018. These variations are considered in the evaluation of the instrument-specific calibration factors in order to keep all tabulated calibration results consistent.

scholarly journals The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Translation Systems for the WMT 2015

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunah Cho ◽  
Thanh-Le Ha ◽  
Jan Niehues ◽  
Teresa Herrmann ◽  
Mohammed Mediani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Translation Systems ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute

scholarly journals Best-Estimate for System Codes (BeSYC): A New Software to Perform Best-Estimate Plus Uncertainty Analyses with Thermal-Hydraulic and Safety System Codes for Both Fusion and Fission Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Bruno Gonfiotti ◽  
Michela Angelucci ◽  
Bradut-Eugen Ghidersa ◽  
Xue Zhou Jin ◽  
Mihaela Ionescu-Bujor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Best Estimate ◽  
Uncertainty Analyses ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Fission Reactors ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute

The development and the validation of old and new software in relevant DEMO reactor conditions have been exploited in the latest years within the EUROfusion Consortium. The aim was to use—if possible—the software already validated for fission reactors and to fill the gaps with new ad-hoc software. As contribution to this effort, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) developed and tested a novel software to apply the Best-Estimate Model Calibration and Prediction through Experimental Data Assimilation methodology to the system codes RELAP5-3D, MELCOR 1.8.6, and MELCOR 2.2. This software is called Best-estimate for SYstem Codes (BeSYC), and it is developed as a MATLAB App. The application is in charge of applying the mathematical framework of the methodology, writing and executing the code runs required by the methodology, and printing the obtained results. The main goal of BeSYC is to wrap up the methodology in a software suitable to be used by any user through a simple graphical user interface. Albeit developed in the fusion research context, BeSYC can be applied to any reactor/scenario type supported by the specific system code. The goals of BeSYC, the mathematical framework, the main characteristics, and the performed verification and validation activities are described in this paper.

scholarly journals Detailed Spectroscopic Studies in the Aquatic Environment Using Synchrotron Radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
N. Moraitis ◽  
K. Vassalos ◽  
T. J. Mertzimekis ◽  
A. Godelitsas ◽  
P. Gamaletsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Metals And Metalloids ◽  
Synchrotron Facility ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Karlsruhe Institute

The important role of metals and metalloids in the aquatic environment can be studied by means of Syn- chrotron Radiation (SR)-based X-ray spectroscopic techniques. In the present work, we have performed analyses of data sets (μ–XRF, μ–XANES and μ–EXAFS), for coastal sediments and marine precipitates, obtained at the ANKA Synchrotron Facility in Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Germany). Prelim- inary results with regard to the distribution and speciation of toxic (Hg and As) and biocompatible (Fe) metals and metalloids are presented herein. It is therefore demonstrated that Fe is easily precipitated as FeIII oxyhydroxides, most likely related to As, as well as ferrihydrite-type FeIII hydrated oxyhydroxides, whereas Hg is rather accumulated in the form of methyl-containing compounds.

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