The State and Crime Prevention

2014 ◽  
pp. 304-343
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
The State

The Limits of Retributivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-325
Author(s):  
Jacob Bronsther
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
The State

“Limiting retributivists” believe that the vagueness of retributive proportionality represents a moral opportunity. They maintain that the state can permissibly harm an offender for the sake of crime prevention and other nonretributive goods, so long as the sentence resides within the broad range of retributively “not undeserved” punishments. However, in this essay, I argue that retributivism can justify only the least harmful sentence within such a range. To impose a sentence beyond this minimum would be cruel from a retributive perspective. It would harm an offender to a greater degree without thereby increasing the realization of our retributivist ends. Thus, if our nonretributive policy aims required a harsher sentence, the offender’s retributive desert could not provide the rationale, and we would need another theory that explains why, if at all, harming an offender as a means of realizing the desired nonretributive good is permissible.

Policing in divided societies: Officer inclusion, citizen cooperation, and crime prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-604
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Nanes
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Domestic Security

How does demographic inclusion in domestic security institutions affect security provision in divided societies? Police officers rely on information from citizens to identify problems and allocate resources efficiently. Where conflict along identity lines erodes trust between citizens and the state, the police face difficulty obtaining information, hindering their ability to provide public safety. I argue that inclusiveness in the police rank-and-file addresses this problem by fostering cooperation from previously excluded segments of society. I test this argument in Israel and its conflict between the Jewish majority and non-Jewish minority. First, a survey of 804 Israeli citizens shows that non-Jews who perceive the police as more inclusive are more willing to provide the police with information. I then use original panel data on police officer demographics at every police station in Israel over a six year period to show that increases in police inclusiveness are associated with decreases in crime.

scholarly journals Privatizing Crime Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 679 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Full Responsibility ◽  
Reducing Costs

Crime problems largely result from opportunities, temptations, and provocations that have been provided to offenders unintentionally by those pursuing other private interests. There is a widespread notion that the state and its agencies can and ought to take full responsibility for crime control and that there is, therefore, nothing that nonstate actors can or need to do. In practice, there is little that the state can do directly to address the opportunities, temptations, and provocations for crime; but where crime control responsibilities have been accepted in the private sector, successful measures to reduce opportunities and temptations have been devised and adopted, preventing many crimes and reducing costs that would otherwise fall on the state as well as on victims. This article sets out the reasons why a shift in responsibility for crime prevention from the public to private sector can produce patterns of crime control that are both effective and socially desirable, albeit important roles remain for the public sector in stimulating and supporting such measures.

Forms of prevention of illegal migration by the State Border Service of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
A. Mota
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operational Service

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze the theoretical and regulatory provisions relating to the definition of forms of preventive action to combat illegal migration and used in the protection of the state border. Methodology. The method covers the application of general theoretical and special methods of scientific knowledge aimed at processing the conclusions of the study. The dialectical method, system analysis, classification and grouping methods, as well as the sociological method are used in the work. Results. The use of the most appropriate and lawful preventive measures is associated with the definition of a scientifically sound system of crime prevention, detailed structural characteristics of which in the activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine to combat illegal migration are covered by two main blocks: procedural and operational. The procedural block concentrates such forms as operative-search activity, proceedings in cases of administrative offenses, proceedings on the application of forced return, forced expulsion and readmission of foreigners or stateless persons. The operational-service block covers the following forms: border service, border control, operational-search and information-analytical activity, engineering-technical control, complex preventive measures (operations). Scientific novelty. According to the results of the research, the system of forms of crime prevention in the activity of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on counteraction to illegal migration is substantiated, which envisages procedural and operational-service blocks. Forms of the procedural block of prevention of illegal migration are characterized by the impact on the offense, which has a preventive value, as well as the focus on the restoration of the disturbed state. Operational and official forms of prevention of illegal migration are designed to prevent offenses, as well as their detection to ensure an appropriate procedural response. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in research work for further study of general and special issues of improving the fight against illegal migration, in the field of lawmaking - to improve the current administrative and migration legislation of Ukraine, in the educational process during the organization of educational activities and teaching administrative law. cycle, in law enforcement - to increase the efficiency of bodies and units of state border protection.

Der Kampf gegen den Terror in Gegenwart und Zukunft

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Lone Wolf ◽  
Other Hand

In the 1970s, terrorist attacks usually were aimed at persons representing the state. Today, everyone may become a victim. Society is looking for strategies to cope with a permanent feeling of danger. An international approach is required. This anthology features authors from the fields of criminal justice, defense, and crime prevention, as well as criminology, psychology, and sociology. The reader will learn what has already been achieved. On the other hand, current problems are mentioned, e.g. the challenge of spotting „lone wolf“ terrorists, or surprising similarities between seemingly hostile ideologies. With contributions by Dr. Andreas Armborst, Prof. Dr. Britta Bannenberg, Prof. Dr. Andreas Beelmann/Sebastian Lutterbach/Max Rickert, Achim Brauneisen, Dr. Peter Frank, Prof. Dr. Helmut Fünfsinn, Barbara Havliza, Dr. Jens Lehmann, Johannes Pausch, Dr. Sebastian Römer/Dr. Katharina Sprave, Prof. Dr. Christoph Safferling

scholarly journals To the question of the concept of “operational situation” (on the example of the penal system facilities)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Grigorii Aleksandrovich Maistrenko
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Correctional Officers ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Valid Information

This article is dedicated to the questions of coordination of the activity of operational units aimed at prevention of complications of operational situation in correctional facilities. The author describes the operational situation in correctional facilities as the combination of interconnected objective factors (conditions) of the functional environment of correctional facilities, which are considered during planning, organization and implementation of crime prevention measures. In the context of ensuring security in the correctional facilities, the author characterizes the concept of “operational situation”, leaning on opinions of researchers on this subject to give a fuller definition to this concept. The article employs works of the Russian legal experts. Normative legal framework that regulates the indicated sphere is provided. The author underlines the need for further improvement of informational and analytical activity on the evaluation of operational situation in penitentiaries; determines the factors that negatively affect the operational situation in penitentiaries. Analysis is conducted on the data received from sociological survey of the correctional officers. It is stated that the presence of valid information that would characterize the state of operational situation in a correctional facility aids in achieving the goals of the penal process.

scholarly journals Migration flow management as crime prevention during and after COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 17024
Author(s):  
Elena Bagreeva ◽  
Angela Mottaeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Balance Of Interests ◽  
Migration Flows

In the context of the COVID – 19 pandemic, the problem of migration flows is becoming more acute and the tasks of managing them are being brought to the fore. The article provides a comparative analysis of the States management decisions during the pandemic concerning migrants, based on the goals of their migration policy. The article analyzes the criminal situation in countries at the beginning of the pandemic period, the structure of illegal actions, as well as the desire of the population to defend their interests. It is argued that institutional management decisions in achieving a balance of interests and needs of various groups of the country's population, including migrants, and the state at the macro and micro levels of social reality will help to avoid a surge in crime

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CRIME PREVENTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Yury A. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
Crime Theory ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Specific Direction ◽  
Legal Control ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Main Factor

The problem of criminality prevention is being updated. The relevance of issues related to crime prevention as the main factor of criminality prevention in general is substantiated. The essence of criminality prevention is in implementation of the law's educational function. Its mission is not in punishment, but in fostering anti-criminal cogitative-behavioral “in-stincts” of a personality. Criminality prevention should be based on certain universally rec-ognized international and national principles aimed at decriminalizing the identity of poten-tial criminals. Crime theory is a whole system of modern scientific knowledge, forms and methods (historical, socio-political, psychological, medical, legal, economic, etc.). The urgency of the research is caused by the fact that in the conditions of the Russian re-ality criminality is the most serious form of a social disease, in the “treatment” of which there are no universal and final remedies. There are only means to stabilize it, to minimize, to reduce it, etc. It is really utopian to remain on its complete eradication by state-legal means. However, the latter is very relevant for society, the state, the citizen. The problem of criminality prevention is notable for its complex and multifaceted character. Therefore, the state has applied and is now applying all available civilized means of its social and legal control. Effective criminality prevention requires improved law en-forcement activities, namely, focusing on identifying, researching, analyzing the main as-pects of criminality prevention, as well as on characterization and evaluation of the crim-inality prevention system in modern conditions, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. Various methods for prevention of crimes and offenses are analyzed. Criminality preven-tion must be understood as a specific direction in the state activity to affect the causal set of illegal behavior and conditions conducive to it, which results in the reduction, stabilization, quantitative reduction and qualitative mitigation of crime.

scholarly journals Terror Crime Prevention: Constructing Muslim Practices and Beliefs as ‘Anti-Social’ and ‘Extreme’ through CONTEST 2

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basia Spalek ◽  
Laura Zahra McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
The State ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Minorities

This article discusses recent research into engagement and partnership work between Muslim communities and police for the purposes of counter-terrorism. It is argued that asserting a notion of ‘shared values’ as a foundational criterion for choosing which individuals/groups to engage in countering terrorism is strategically flawed. Not only is the notion of ‘values’ overly diffuse and conceptually ill-defined, it is dangerous in its potential to construct even the most normative Muslim practices and beliefs as ‘anti-social’ and ‘extreme’. This is likely to further alienate Muslim communities in general and to exclude those groups with whom the State has so far successfully engaged to counter terrorism. The article further reflects upon engagement and partnership work between police and Muslim minorities perceived as ‘radical’, highlighting how the goal of terror crime prevention can be – and is – shared between police and communities, despite negative and stigmatizing impacts of the ‘War on Terror’.

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