Effects of short-term glucocorticoid administration on bone mineral density, biomechanics and microstructure in rats’ femur

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Chen ◽  
L Huang ◽  
J Zhu ◽  
K Wu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

The effects of short-term use of oral glucocorticoid (GC) on the skeleton are not well defined. To address this gap, the influences of 7 days, 21 days of GC administration on femurs of intact rats were investigated. Forty 4-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (Cont) and prednisone-treated group (Pre) and administered either distilled water or prednisone acetate at doses of 3.5 mg/kg/day for 0, 7 and 21 days, respectively. All the femurs were harvested for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, biomechanical testing and micro computed tomography scan. The whole body weight, femur bone mineral density (BMD), all three-point bending test parameters, microstructural parameters increased or improved significantly in Cont at day 21 when compared to day 0. The whole body weight, distal femur BMD, Young’s modulus, bending stiffness, density of tissue volume and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) decreased, while structure model index and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increased significantly in Pre at day 21 when compared to age-matched control but had no significant differences between day 7 and day 21. Our data demonstrate that 7-day use of prednisone does not influence on rats’ femur, and 21-day use of prednisone slows in rate of whole body weight gain, decreases femur metaphysis BMD and bone stiffness which mainly due to the deteriorated bone microstructure.

scholarly journals Effect of 12 weeks of recreational soccer on bone mineral density and sarcopenia in the elderly: a randomized clinical trial

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Henrique de Lima Matias ◽  
◽  
André dos Santos Costa ◽  
Romulo Maia Carlos Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: To verify the effect of recreational soccer on bone mineral density and sarcopenia in the elderly. Methods: Fourteen elderly people aged 65.9 ± 3.4 years were selected. They were separated into two groups: the intervention group and the control group; the intervention group played recreational soccer for 12 weeks on two days of the week. Assessments were performed for bone mineral density and body muscle mass before and after the intervention. For statistical analysis, the repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used. Results: After 12 weeks, there was a significant change in bone mineral density in the region of the total femur (p = 0.020). Analyzing the participants’ sarcopenia, no significant results were found after the intervention period. Conclusion: Playing recreational soccer causes a significant improvement in the total femur and maintains bone regions in the spine, whole body, and femoral neck. Also, it promotes a removal from the threshold for sarcopenia screening in the elderly.

Glucocorticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in adult primiparous Göttingen miniature pigs: effects on bone mineral and mineral metabolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. E385-E395 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Scholz-Ahrens ◽  
G. Delling ◽  
B. Stampa ◽  
A. Helfenstein ◽  
H.-J. Hahne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

Information on the pathophysiology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is limited, since its clinical picture often reflects a combined effect of glucocorticoids (GC) and the treated systemic disease (i.e., inflammation and immobility). In 50 healthy adult (30-mo-old) primiparous Göttingen minipigs, we studied the short-term (8 mo, n = 30) and long-term (15 mo, n = 10) effect of GC on bone and mineral metabolism longitudinally and cross-sectionally compared with a control group ( n = 10). All animals on GC treatment received prednisolone orally at a dose of 1.0 mg·kg body wt−1·day−1for 8 wk and thereafter at 0.5 mg/kg body wt−1·day−1. In the short term, GC reduced bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine by −47.5 ± 5.1 mg/cm3from baseline ( P < 0.001), which was greater ( P < 0.05) than the loss [not significant (NS)] in the control group of −11.8 ± 12.6 mg/cm3. Calcium absorption decreased from baseline by −2,488 ± 688 mg/7 days ( P < 0.001) compared with −1,380 ± 1,297 mg/7 days (NS) in the control group. Plasma bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) decreased from baseline by −17.8 ± 2.2 U/l ( P < 0.000), which was significantly different ( P < 0.05) from the value of the control group of −1.43 ± 4.8 U/l. In the long term, the loss of BMD became more pronounced and bone mineral content (BMC), trabecular thickness, mechanical stability, calcium absorption, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and parathyroid hormone tended to be lower compared with the control group. There was a negative association between the cumulative dose of GC and BMD, which was associated with impaired osteoblastogenesis. In conclusion, the main outcomes after GC treatment are comparable to symptoms of GC-induced osteoporosis in human subjects. Thus the adult Göttingen miniature pig appears to be a valuable animal model for GC-induced osteoporosis.

BONE MINERAL DENSITY OF THE RATS TIBIA AFTER MODELING OF ARTIFICIAL MENOPAUSE AND INFLUENCE OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
N. М. Kostyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Experimental Group

Early deficiency of female sex hormones provokes bone loss in various parts of the skeleton, which further requires therapeutic correction. However, it is known that vibrational oscillations are anabolic for the trabecular layer of bone, which have been studied in both animal models and humans under physiological norms. It is likely that this anabolic reaction does not occur evenly throughout the skeleton, on the one hand, due to the cushioning properties of muscle tissue, ligaments, joints, and resonance, on the other. The aim of the study is to assess the condition and mineral density of the tibia under the condition of artificial menopause and the influence of non-physiological whole body vibration (WBV) with acceleration 0,3 g. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 54 adult female Wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups: control group (n=18) – SHAM surgery, experimental group I (n=18) - rats with ovariectomy, experimental group II (n=18) - rats after ovariectomy + WBV. Rats of were subjected to total vibration with acceleration of 0,3 g for 30 minutes 5 days a week for 24 weeks. At the 8th, 16th and 24th week of the experiment CT-densitometry of the tibia was performed. Results. The greatest loss of bone tissue was observed in experimental group I at the 24th week of the experiment, which decreased by 23.5% compared with the control group. At the 8th week of the study, the rate did not change statistically, and at the 16th - decreased to 8.1%. In experimental group II, bone density did not decrease statistically at the 8th and 16th week of our study, however, at the 24th week decreased by -16% to the control group, and compared with group I, increased by +11,2 % on the 24th day. The cortical layer of the tibial bone tissue did not change statistically in the experimental groups in relation to the control group. Factors that can affect the anabolic response in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system are the parameters of vibration, in particular the frequency and level of vibration acceleration. In our experimental study, we observed a decrease in bone mineral density in rats with ovariectomy and compared with ovariectomized rats subjected to vibration. We observed a positive correlation between whole body vibration and bone mass increase, which may be due to the effect of increased mechanical stress on the skeleton. We also demonstrated the negative effect of time after ovariectomy on bone density in experimental rats. The use of vibration maintained normal bone mineral density for a long time, and until the 16th week of the experiment, but at the 24th week, rate decreased significantly compared with the control group, but was higher than in group I. Analysis of CT scans showed high values of mineral density in experimental group II (ovariectomy + WBV) compared with experimental group I. Conclusions. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the WBV inhibits the accelerated remodeling after ovariectomy and prevents the rapid loss of bone tissue for a long time. To this end, mechanical vibrations should be used in the early menopause to maintain normal bone mineral mass. This therapy can be used alone and as an adjunct to osteoporosis medication. Therefore, early detection of osteopenia and timely appropriate treatment is important, which, in addition to antiresorptive drug treatment, should include lifestyle changes and exercise.

scholarly journals Effects of Aleurone Layer Extract From Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Bone Mineral Density and Bone-Related Biomarkers of Ovariectomized Rats (FS14-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hyen Lee ◽  
Jung-Bong Kim ◽  
Hwan Hui Chang ◽  
Jeong Sook Choi ◽  
Gyeong Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Mineral Density

Abstract Objectives Black rice contains functional compounds, including anthocyanins. In a previous study, black rice increased bone mineral density and strength in ovariectomized rats, although its biological effects on bone-related markers have not been evaluated. The aleurone layer of black rice (BRA) contains most of anthocyanins of black rice. This study examined the effects of BRA extract on bone mineral density and bone-related markers of ovariectomized rats. Methods We compared the anthocyanin amount between BRA and whole grain of black rice and evaluated whether BRA extract can effectively improve bone health in ovariectomized rats at 30 mg/kg body weight (BRA30) and 90 mg/kg body weight (BRA90). These amounts are approximately one seventh and one half of the level (200 mg/kg body weight) used in the previous experiments. We compared its effects on bone-related biomarkers with those of isoflavones, which have been used to improve bone health in postmenopausal women. Results The cyanidin 3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside contents in BRA were 7.18 mg/g and 1.79 mg/g, respectively, which are 5.5-fold and 4.2-fold higher than those in the whole grain of black rice. Supplementation with BRA extract significantly decreased body weight compared with the control group of ovariectomized rats not treated with BRA extract. Mineral density of tibia was significantly higher in the BRA90 group than in the control group. The breaking force of tibia and femur and the concentrations of serum and bone calcium were higher in BRA30 and BRA90 than in the control. However, urinary pyridinoline level, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and parathyroid hormone concentration decreased in the BRA groups compared to the control group. Conclusions The results suggest that BRA has more anthocyanin than whole grain black rice and can improve bone health by modulating bone metabolism and reducing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, the BRA extract showed similar or even higher effect on bone-related biomarkers than isoflavones and hence can be used as a good food source to manage bone health of most postmenopausal women. Funding Sources PJ01327901, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences.

scholarly journals Interrelationships between Morphometric, Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties of Mandible in 6-month-old Male Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tymczyna ◽  
Teresa Bachanek ◽  
Marcin R. Tatara ◽  
Witold Krupski ◽  
Monika Tymczyna-Sobotka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Mandible Length

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate interrelationships between final body weight, and morphometric, densitometric, and mechanical properties of the mandible in 6-month-old Polish Large White pigs exposed to dexamethasone and nanocalcium. The study was performed on 27 males, castrated on the 28th d after weaning, and reared until the age of 6 months, after which the animals were slaughtered, and the mandible was obtained. The pigs were divided into four experimental groups: animals given per os nanopartical calcium, animals injected with dexamethasone, animals given both nanopartical calcium per os and dexamethasone injections, and animals injected with placebo. After the slaughter, morphological properties of the mandible such as bone weight and length were determined. Using computed tomography technique, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of the cortical bone (Cd), mean volumetric bone mineral density (MvBMD), and total bone volume (Bvol) of whole mandible were measured. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content were evaluated with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometric method. Using three-point bending test, mechanical parameters such as maximum elastic strength (Wy) and ultimate strength (Wf) of mandible were estimated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was determined between all the investigated variables. The obtained results showed a significantly positive correlation between body weight and mandible weight, mandible length, Bvol, Cd, BMD, BMC, Wy, and Wf. However, statistically insignificant correlations of MvBMD and body weight, mandible weight, mandible length, and Bvol were observed. Furthermore, Bvol and Cd were not found to be significantly correlated. In conclusion, this study showed numerous positive correlations between final body weight and densitometric, morphometric, and mechanical properties of the mandible. This bone of pigs may be used as an attractive model for further investigation on metabolic response of the skeleton to physiological, nutritional, toxicological, and pharmacological factors influencing bone tissue metabolism.

scholarly journals Effect of Regular Resistance Exercise, Vitamin D and Calcium Supplements in Pre-menopausal Period on the Bone Mineral Density in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Haji Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽  
Mohammadreza Vafaeenasab ◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Seyed Mohamad Mahdi Modares Mosala
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Calcium Supplements

Introduction: Menopause is the natural termination of menstruation, which affects the quality, and important aspects of women life. The aim of this study was to investigate regular resistance training along with vitamins D and calcium intake in the pre-menopausal period on bone mineral density (BMD) in rats. Methods:  In this experimental study, the rats were randomly divided into control groups, placebo, vitamin D, calcium, resistance training, vitamin D + calcium, vitamin D + resistance training, calcium + resistance training, vitamin D + calcium + resistance training. Control and placebo groups were fed with a standard diet and sesame oil, respectively. Ovariectomy was done after two months of resistance training (Ex), calcium (35 mg/kg) and vitamin D (10000 IU) administration. BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to examine bone total diameter and osteoclast and osteocyte cell numbers. The statistical analysis was done by a one-way analysis of variance (SPSS 20). Results: There was an increasing trend in BMD lumbar of the Ex group (P<0.001) in comparison with the control group. The amount of bone mineral in the whole body in calcium and calcium + resistance groups was higher than the control group (P <0.05). BMC total in the vitamin D, calcium + resistance training, vitamin D + resistance training and calcium + vitamin D + resistance-training groups was lower than the other groups. Osteoclast cell numbers were decreased in Ex, Vit D+Ex (P<0.05), Ca+Vit D, Ca+Ex and Ex+Vit D+Ca groups (P<0.001) compared to the control group, also, osteocyte numbers were decreased in VitD, Ca+Vit D (P<0.05), Ex, Vit D+Ex, and Ex+Vit D+Ca groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Regular resistance exercise, vitamin D and calcium supplements in pre-menopausal period can improve BMD and BMC and delay the process of osteoporosis in postmenopausal period.

scholarly journals Low Body Weight Mediates the Relationship between HIV Infection and Low Bone Mineral Density: A Meta-Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 4522-4528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bolland ◽  
Andrew B. Grey ◽  
Greg D. Gamble ◽  
Ian R. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Low Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Abstract Context: HIV infection has been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in many cross-sectional studies, although longitudinal studies have not demonstrated accelerated bone loss. The cross-sectional studies may have been confounded by the failure to control for low body weight in HIV-infected patients. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether low body weight might explain the association of HIV infection with low BMD. Data Sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for English language studies published from 1966 to March 2007, and conference abstracts prior to 2007 were hand-searched. Study Selection: All studies reporting BMD and weight or body mass index in adult patients with HIV and a healthy age- and sex-comparable control group were included. Nine of 40 identified studies and one of 68 identified abstracts were eligible. Data Synthesis: We adjusted for the between-groups weight differences using regression coefficients from published cohorts of healthy men and women. On average, HIV-infected patients were 5.1 kg [95% confidence interval (CI), −6.8, −3.4; P &lt; 0.001] lighter than controls. At all skeletal sites, unadjusted BMD was lower by 4.4–7.0% in the HIV-infected groups than the controls (P &lt; 0.01). After adjustment for body weight, residual between-groups differences in BMD were small (2.2–4.7%) [lumbar spine, −0.02 (95% CI, −0.05, 0.01) g/cm2; P = 0.12; total hip, −0.02 (95% CI, −0.04, 0.00) g/cm2; P = 0.031; femoral neck, −0.04 (95% CI, −0.07, −0.01) g/cm2; P = 0.013; and total body, −0.03 (95% CI, −0.07, 0.01) g/cm2, P = 0.11]. Conclusion: HIV-infected patients are lighter than controls and low body weight may largely account for the high prevalence of low BMD reported in HIV-infected patients. However, in the setting of current treatment practice, HIV infection per se is not a risk factor for low BMD.

scholarly journals Bone microarchitectural parameters can detect oxytocin induced changes prior to bone density on mitigating bone deterioration in rabbit osteoporosis model using micro-CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyou Qiu ◽  
Cuisong Tang ◽  
Mario Serrano-Sosa ◽  
Jian Hu ◽  
Jingqi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

Abstract Background This study is aimed to determine the efficacy of X-Ray Microtomography (micro-CT) in predicting oxytocin (OT) treatment response in rabbit osteoporosis(OP) model. Methods Sixty-five rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group, ovariectomy (OVX) -vehicle and OVX-oxytocin group. The controls underwent sham surgery. OVX-vehicle and OVX-oxytocin groups were subjected to bilateral OVX. The rabbits in OVX-oxytocin group were injected with oxytocin. In the 0th, 4th, 8th, 10th and 12th weeks post OVX operation, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone micro-architectural parameters were measured in three groups. Results Bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), Trabecular Number (Tb.N), and Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Th) decreased, while Trabecular Spacing (Tb.Sp) and Structure Model Index (SMI) increased overtime in all the three groups. In OVX-oxytocin group, the bone deterioration tendency is slowing down compared with that of the OVX-vehicle group. The BMD of the OVX-oxytocin group was significantly lower than those in the OVX-vehicle group at 12th week (P = 0.017). BV/TV and Tb.Sp in OVX-oxytocin group changed significantly from 8th week (P = 0.043) and 12th week (P = 0.014), which is earlier than that of BMD and other bone micro-architectural parameters. Conclusion BV/TV and Tb.Sp changed prior to BMD and other bone micro-architectural parameters with oxytocin intervention, which indicate that they are more sensitive markers for predicting early osteoporosis and treatment monitoring when using micro-CT to evaluate osteoporosis rabbit model.

scholarly journals Systemic Leptin Administration in Supraphysiological Doses Maintains Bone Mineral Density and Mechanical Strength Despite Significant Weight Loss

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 2245-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid K. Stunes ◽  
Irene Westbroek ◽  
Jan O. Gordeladze ◽  
Björn I. Gustafsson ◽  
Janne E. Reseland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mineral Density

The effects of leptin on bone are controversial. Although in vitro studies have shown that leptin stimulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and inhibits osteoclastogenesis, some rodent studies have shown that leptin administered centrally might result in decreased bone formation. In the present study we have investigated the skeletal effects of supraphysiological concentrations of leptin administered sc to rats. Female Fischer rats were given leptin 100 μg/d, 200 μg/d, or saline by continuous infusion for 9 wk. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone microarchitecture was analyzed by micro-computed tomography, and biomechanical properties were tested by three-point bending experiments. At the end of the study, the body weight was significantly lower in rats receiving leptin compared with controls (−10.8% and −12.0% in low- and high-dose leptin groups, respectively). The high-dose leptin group also significantly lost weight compared with baseline. The plasma leptin concentration was 14- and 33-fold increased in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively. No significant differences in femoral BMD were observed. Whole-body BMD was significantly lower in the low-dose leptin group, whereas there was no difference between the high-dose leptin group and the control. Mechanical strength and microarchitecture were similar in the high-dose and the control group. The low-dose group, however, had decreased cortical volume in the femoral metaphysis, lowered bone strength, and altered moment of inertia. In conclusion, leptin given at very high doses maintains BMD, microarchitecture, and mechanical strength in female rats, despite a significant decrease in body weight.

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