Glucose Tolerance Status Is a Better Predictor of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Outcomes Than Metabolic Syndrome

Prenatal hyperandrogenism is hypothesized as one of the main factors contributing to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS patients have high risk of developing fatty liver and steatosis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of prenatal hyperandrogenism in liver lipid metabolism and fatty liver development. Pregnant rats were hyperandrogenized with testosterone. At pubertal age, the prenatally hyperandrogenized (PH) female offspring displayed both ovulatory (PHov) and anovulatory (PHanov) phenotypes that mimic human PCOS features. We evaluated hepatic transferases, liver lipid content, the balance between lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathway, oxidant/antioxidant balance and proinflammatory status. We also evaluated the general metabolic status through growth rate curve, basal glucose and insulin levels, glucose tolerance test, HOMA-IR index and serum lipid profile. Although neither PH group showed signs of liver lipid content, the lipogenesis and fatty oxidation pathways were altered. The PH groups also showed impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance, a decrease in the proinflammatory pathway (measured by prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 levels), decreased glucose tolerance, imbalance of circulating lipids and increased risk of metabolic syndrome. We conclude that prenatal hyperandrogenism generates both PHov and PHanov phenotypes with signs of liver alterations, imbalance in lipid metabolism and increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The anovulatory phenotype showed more alterations in liver lipogenesis and a more impaired balance of insulin and glucose metabolism, being more susceptible to the development of steatosis.

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Metabolic syndrome and its single traits as risk factors for diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.3132/dvdr.2009.006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 32-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Markolf Hanefeld ◽

Avraham Karasik ◽

Carsta Koehler ◽

Torsten Westermeier ◽

Jean-Louis Chiasson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

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Kaempferol ameliorates symptoms of metabolic syndrome by improving blood lipid profile and glucose tolerance

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/bbb/zbab132 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayasa Ochiai ◽

Mahmoud Ben Othman ◽

Kazuichi Sakamoto

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Apolipoprotein A1 ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Blood Lipid Profile ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Apoa1 Gene

Abstract Kaempferol (KPF) is a dietary polyphenol reported to have various beneficial effects on human health. However, its molecular mechanisms in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism are not fully understood. This study examined the effects of KPF on obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes in Tsumura, Suzuki, Obese Diabetes (TSOD) mice. The six-week administration of KPF decreased fat weight, serum total cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs); increased high-density lipoproteins (HDLs); and improved glucose tolerance. Additionally, KPF increased LDL receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) gene expression and decreased serum resistin levels. These findings suggest that the decrease in LDL and the increase in HDL caused by KPF may be due to increases in hepatic LDLR and ApoA1 expression, respectively. Furthermore, it is possible that the improvement in glucose tolerance by KPF may occur via resistin reduction. These mechanisms may be parts of complex mechanism by which KPF improves metabolic syndrome.

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The Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Hispanic Youth and the Role of Insulin Sensitivity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2003-031188 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 108-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 342

Author(s):

Martha L. Cruz ◽

Marc J. Weigensberg ◽

Terry T.-K. Huang ◽

Geoff Ball ◽

Gabriel Q. Shaibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Family History ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Hispanic Youth ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is highest among Hispanic adults. However, studies exploring the metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth are lacking. Subjects were 126 overweight children (8–13 yr of age) with a family history for type 2 diabetes. The metabolic syndrome was defined as having at least three of the following: abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, systolic and diastolic hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance was 62, 67, 26, 22, 4, and 27%, respectively. The presence of zero, one, two, or three or more features of the metabolic syndrome was 9, 22, 38, and 30%, respectively. After controlling for body composition, insulin sensitivity was positively related to HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) and negatively related to triglycerides (P < 0.001) and systolic (P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as the number of features of the metabolic syndrome increased. In conclusion, overweight Hispanic youth with a family history for type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and this appears to be due to decreased insulin sensitivity. Improving insulin resistance may be crucial for the prevention of chronic disease in this at-risk population.

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