scholarly journals Heritability of Serum Resistin and Its Genetic Correlation with Insulin Resistance-Related Features in Nondiabetic Caucasians

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 2792-2795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Menzaghi ◽  
Angelo Coco ◽  
Lucia Salvemini ◽  
Ryan Thompson ◽  
Salvatore De Cosmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Score

Abstract Context: Serum levels of resistin are believed to modulate insulin resistance in humans. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum resistin levels are genetically controlled and whether this control is shared with other insulin resistance traits. Design and Methods: The study cohort included 264 nondiabetic probands, Caucasian from Italy, and their 473 adult family members. Phenotypic characterization included anthropometric variables, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profile, and resistin levels. Genotypes were determined at position g.−420C→G (rs1862513), IVS2+181G→A (rs3745367), and GAT(n) polymorphisms of the resistin (RETN) gene. Results: In the 264 unrelated probands, resistin levels were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with adiposity, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and the metabolic syndrome score. In a variance component analysis of the 264 probands and their 473 relatives, about 70% of the observed variation of serum resistin levels was heritable (P < 0.0001). A small, but significant (P = 0.004) proportion of this variance was explained by the G→A variation at position IVS2+181 of the RETN gene. Significant genetic correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between resistin and body mass index (ρg = 0.30), waist circumference (ρg = 0.32), the insulin resistance index HOMAIR (ρg = 0.28), and the metabolic syndrome score (ρg = 0.35). Conclusions: These data indicate that serum resistin is highly heritable and has some common genetic background with traits related to insulin resistance, reinforcing the hypothesis that this adipokine may play a pathogenic role in insulin resistance-related abnormalities, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals High TSH Level within Normal Range Is Associated with Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Inflammation, Hypercoagulability, and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Novel Cardiometabolic Marker

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Cheng Chang ◽  
Shih-Che Hua ◽  
Chia-Hsuin Chang ◽  
Wei-Yi Kao ◽  
Hsiao-Lin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

(1) Background: Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with increased cardiometabolic risks. Here we further explore whether thyroid function within normal range is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a large population-based study. (2) Methods: We screened 24,765 adults participating in health examinations in Taiwan. Participants were grouped according to high-sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (hsTSH) level as: <50th percentile (0.47–1.48 mIU/L, the reference group), 50–60th percentile (1.49–1.68 mIU/L), 60–70th percentile (1.69–1.94 mIU/L), 70–80th percentile (1.95–2.3 mIU/L), 80–90th percentile (2.31–2.93 mIU/L), and >90th percentile (>2.93 mIU/L). Cardiometabolic traits of each percentile were compared with the reference group. (3) Results: Elevated hsTSH levels within normal range were dose-dependently associated with increased body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumferences, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high homeostasis model of assessment of beta-cell (HOMA-β), triglycerides, total cholesterols, fibrinogen, and uric acids (p-for-trend <0.001), but not with fasting glucose levels. The association remained significant after adjustment of age, sex, and lifestyle. As compared to the reference group, subjects with the highest hsTSH percentile had significantly increased risk of being overweight (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR): 1.35), increased body fat (adjOR: 1.29), central obesity (adjOR: 1.36), elevated blood pressure (adjOR: 1.26), high HbA1c (adjOR: 1.20), hyperinsulinemia (adjOR: 1.75), increased HOMA-IR (adjOR: 1.45), increased HOMA-β (adjOR: 1.40), hypertriglyceridemia (adjOR: 1.60), hypercholesterolemia (adjOR: 1.25), elevated hsCRP (adjOR: 1.34), increased fibrinogen (adjOR: 1.45), hyperuricemia (adjOR: 1.47), and metabolic syndrome (adjOR: 1.42), but significant risk of low fasting glucose (adjOR: 0.89). Mediation analysis indicates that insulin resistance mediates the majority of the association between thyroid hormone status and the metabolic syndrome. (4) Conclusion: Elevated hsTSH within the normal range is a cardiometabolic risk marker associated with central obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, inflammation, and hypercoagulability.

scholarly journals Electronic Cigarette Use and Metabolic Syndrome Development: A Critical Review

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Ilona Górna ◽  
Marta Napierala ◽  
Ewa Florek
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Impact

The metabolic syndrome is a combination of several metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle modifications, including quitting smoking, are recommended to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Not much research has been conducted in the field of e-cigarettes and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, taking into account the influence of e-cigarettes vaping on the individual components of metabolic syndrome, i.e, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and elevated arterial blood pressure, the results are also ambiguous. This article is a review and summary of existing reports on the impact of e-cigarettes on the development of metabolic syndrome as well as its individual components. A critical review for English language articles published until 30 June 2020 was made, using a PubMed (including MEDLINE), Cochrane, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science data. The current research indicated that e-cigarettes use does not affect the development of insulin resistance, but could influence the level of glucose and pre-diabetic state development. The lipid of profile an increase in the TG level was reported, while the influence on the level of concentration of total cholesterol, LDL fraction, and HDL fraction differed. In most cases, e-cigarettes use increased the risk of developing abdominal obesity or higher arterial blood pressure. Further research is required to provide more evidence on this topic.

scholarly journals Association between proinsulin, insulin, proinsulin/insulin ratio, and insulin resistance status with the metabolic syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Pivatto ◽  
Patricia Bustos ◽  
Hugo Amigo ◽  
Ana Maria Acosta ◽  
Antonio Arteaga
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) constitutes an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that proinsulin blood levels and the proinsulin/insulin ratio are associated to the MS. The purpose of this study was to compare proinsulin and insulin, insulin resistance index, and the proinsulin/insulin ratio as predictors of MS. This is a cross-sectional study involving 440 men and 556 women with a mean age of 24 years. Diagnosis of MS was made according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Blood levels of insulin and proinsulin were measured, and the insulin resistance status was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The prevalence of MS was 10.1%. HOMA-IR was the best MS risk factor for both women and men (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68-2.48 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13, respectively). HOMA-IR presented the best positive predictive value for MS: 22% and 36% for men and women, respectively, and was the best MS indicator. The proinsulin/insulin ratio did not show significant association with MS. HOMA-IR, proinsulin, and insulin presented good negative predictive values for both genders that could be used to identify an at-risk population.

Effects of pharmacological reversal of hyperuricemia on features of the metabolic syndrome in patients with gouty arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036
Author(s):  
Mariana Marin ◽  
Naim M Maalouf
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Hyperuricemia has been associated in epidemiological studies with the development of obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether lowering of serum uric acid (UA) alters any of the features of the metabolic syndrome. In this prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01654276), 24 patients with gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia were treated for 6 months with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat to lower serum UA to <6 mg/dL. Measurements of 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and serum and urine markers of the metabolic syndrome were measured at baseline and at the end of 6 months of febuxostat. The study population consisted of 18 men and 6 women, 18 of which completed the baseline and 6 months visits. Serum UA decreased significantly from 8.7±1.5 mg/dL at baseline to 4.4±1.1 mg/dL at 6 months (P<0.0001). During that time frame, there was no significant change in body mass index, systolic or diastolic blood pressure measured by 24 hours ABP monitor, serum glucose, insulin or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, serum total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, serum triglycerides or urine pH (P>0.05 for all). There was no correlation between parameters of the metabolic syndrome and the decline in serum UA or serum UA achieved at study end. In conclusion, in patients with gouty arthritis, UA lowering with febuxostat below 6 mg/dL had no significant impact on features of the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Sensorineural Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 4866
Author(s):  
Hwa-Sung Rim ◽  
Myung-Gu Kim ◽  
Dong-Choon Park ◽  
Sung-Soo Kim ◽  
Dae-Woong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hearing Thresholds

The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss has increased along with increases in life expectancy and exposure to noisy environments. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of co-occurring conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes, along with other conditions that affect the blood vessels. Components of MetS include insulin resistance, body weight, lipid concentration, blood pressure, and blood glucose concentration, as well as other features of insulin resistance such as microalbuminuria. MetS has become a major public health problem affecting 20–30% of the global population. This study utilized health examination to investigate whether metabolic syndrome was related to hearing loss. Methods: A total of 94,223 people who underwent health check-ups, including hearing tests, from January 2010 to December 2020 were evaluated. Subjects were divided into two groups, with and without metabolic syndrome. In addition, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane libraries were systematically searched, using keywords such as “hearing loss” and “metabolic syndrome”, for studies that evaluated the relationship between the two. Results: Of the 94,223 subjects, 11,414 (12.1%) had metabolic syndrome and 82,809 did not. The mean ages of subjects in the two groups were 46.1 and 43.9 years, respectively. A comparison of hearing thresholds by age in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome showed that the average pure tone hearing thresholds were significantly higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome than in subjects without it in all age groups. (p < 0.001) Rates of hearing loss in subjects with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the components of metabolic syndrome were 7.9%, 12.1%, 13.8%, 13.8%, 15.5% and 16.3%, respectively, indicating a significant association between the number of components of metabolic syndrome and the rate of hearing loss (p < 0.0001). The odds ratio of hearing loss was significantly higher in subjects with four components of metabolic syndrome: waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride and fasting blood sugar concentrations (p < 0.0001). (4) Conclusions: The number of components of the metabolic syndrome is positively correlated with the rate of sensorineural hearing loss.

Exercise Blood Pressure is associated with Insulin Resistance in subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome.

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
V. Gaudreault ◽  
N. Almeras ◽  
J.P. DesprÉs ◽  
A. Tremblay ◽  
J. Bergeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Blood Pressure

scholarly journals Fetuin-A and Its Relation to Metabolic Syndrome and Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children Before and After Weight Loss

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 4479-4485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Reinehr ◽  
Christian L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

Context: There are very limited data available concerning the relationships between fetuin-A, weight status, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese humans, and especially in children. Objective: Our objective was to study the longitudinal relationships between fetuin-A, NAFLD, and MetS in obese children. Design: This was a 1-yr longitudinal follow-up study. Setting: This study was performed in primary care. Patients: A total of 36 obese and 14 lean children was included in the study. Intervention: An outpatient 1-yr intervention program based on exercise, behavior, and nutrition therapy was performed. Main Outcome Measures: Changes of weight status (sd score-body mass index), waist circumference, fetuin-A, blood pressure, lipids, transaminases, insulin resistance index homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and prevalence of NAFLD (defined by liver ultrasound) were calculated. Results: The 12 obese children with NAFLD had significantly higher fetuin-A levels (0.35 ± 0.07 g/liter) than the 24 obese children without NAFLD (0.29 ± 0.06 g/liter) and the 14 normal weight children (0.29 ± 0.05 g/liter). Fetuin-A levels were independent of age, pubertal stage, and gender. Fetuin-A correlated significantly to systolic (r = 0.50) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.41), insulin resistance index HOMA (r = 0.28), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = −0.31). Changes of fetuin-A correlated significantly to changes of insulin resistance index HOMA (r = 0.34), systolic (r = 0.31) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.37), and waist circumferences (r = 0.36). Substantial weight loss in 21 children led to a significant decrease of fetuin-A and the prevalence of NAFLD in contrast to the 15 children without substantial weight loss. Conclusions: Fetuin-A levels were higher in children with NAFLD, and were related to insulin resistance and to features of the MetS in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Therefore, fetuin-A might be a new promising link between obesity and its comorbidities.

scholarly journals HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT IN METABOLIC SYNDROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-347
Author(s):  
E. V. Reznik ◽  
I. G. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Therapy Target ◽  
Based Medicine

Hypertension is one of the key risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome (synonyms: syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome) is characterized by increased visceral fat mass, decreased sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin (insulin resistance) and hyperinsulinemia, which cause disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, and purine metabolism. Hypertension is an integral component of the metabolic syndrome. The severity of hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome is higher in comparison with patients without metabolic disorders. In patients with metabolic syndrome, the probability of cardiac and brain damage increases fivefold, kidney damage threefold, and the vessels twofold. The presence of diabetes reduces the likelihood of achieving effective control of blood pressure by 1.4 times, hypercholesterolemia — by 1.5 times, obesity — by 1.7 times. In the presence of any three factors, the effectiveness of treatment is reduced twofold. In this article, approaches to the management of patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome, aspects of non-drug therapy, target blood pressure levels, and the choice of drugs are presented in accordance with evidence-based medicine and current recommendations.

METABOLIC SYNDROME - THIS IS SERIOUS!

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Tatiana I. Turkina ◽  
S. N Shcherbo ◽  
P. D Vaganov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Common Variant ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Disorders

Metabolic syndrome is a complex of metabolic, hormonal and clinical disorders that are risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, which are based on insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. The main mechanisms of the effects of chronic hyperinsulinemia on blood pressure are given, and the main symptoms and manifestations of the metabolic syndrome are given. The most common variant of dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome is the lipid triad.

Relative risks of the metabolic syndrome according to the degree of insulin resistance in apparently healthy Korean adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Ha PARK ◽  
Won-Young LEE ◽  
Eun-Jung RHEE ◽  
Woo-Kyu JEON ◽  
Byung-Ik KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

A new simple criterion for diagnosing metabolic syndrome was proposed in the third report of the NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program). In the present study, we analysed the association between metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance to investigate the effects of the latter on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome based on the new criteria recommended in the ATP (Adult Treatment Panel) III report. A total of 7057 participants (4472 men and 2585 women), who underwent medical screening at the Sungkyunkwan University Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, were investigated. Fasting insulin levels were measured and components of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the ATP III report were determined. We also applied the criteria for abdominal obesity as defined by APC-WC (Asia–Pacific criteria for waist circumference). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome as defined by ATP III was 5.3% (5.0% in men and 5.8% in women) and 8.9% (8.1% in men and 10.3% in women) by APC-WC. The odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in subjects with higher insulin resistance than in those with lower insulin resistance. The mean levels of HOMA (homoeostatic model assessment) and fasting insulin were significantly higher in those with more of the components of the metabolic syndrome. A high HOMA (≥2.56) and fasting insulin concentration (≥9.98 μIU/ml; where IU is international unit) were found to be independent risk factors of the metabolic syndrome by multiple regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index (P<0.001). These results show that the metabolic syndrome is significantly correlated with the insulin resistance index, and that appropriate values of HOMA and fasting insulin concentration may serve as a helpful guide for the management of metabolic syndrome.

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