scholarly journals The Association of Thyroid Function With Bone Density During Childhood

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 4125-4134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlien Veldscholte ◽  
Mirjana Barjaktarovic ◽  
Katerina Trajanoska ◽  
Vincent W V Jaddoe ◽  
Theo J Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Context Although the skeleton is a well-known thyroid hormone target organ, very little data are available on the association of thyroid function with bone outcomes during childhood. Objective To study the association of thyroid function with bone mass during childhood. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based prospective cohort including 4204 children with TSH and free T4 (FT4) measured at the age of 6 years. Main Outcome Measures Bone density was assessed by a total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan at the median age of 6 years (95% range, 5.6 to 7.9) and at the age of 10 years (95% range, 9.0 to 10.9) in 4204 and 3404 participants, respectively. Results There was an inverse association of TSH with bone mineral density (BMD) at the age of 6 (β −0.028 ± 0.011, P = 0.009) and with follow-up measurements at the age of 10 (β −0.027 ± 0.011, P = 0.014), but not with bone mineral content (BMC) at the age of 6 (β −0.028 ± 0.015, P = 0.06) or for follow-up measurements of BMC at the age of 10 (β −0.011 ± 0.015, P = 0.47). There was an inverse association of FT4 with BMD (β −0.016 ± 0.006, P = 0.014) and BMC (β −0.023 ± 0.009, P = 0.009) cross-sectionally, and also at the age of 10 years (BMD: β −0.018 ± 0.007, P = 0.007; BMC: β −0.021 ± 0.009, P = 0.020). Conclusion A higher FT4 concentration is associated with lower bone mass at the age of 6 and at the age of 10 years. These data provide insights into the effects of thyroid function on bone physiology during childhood.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Recovery after Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Primary and Renal Hyperparathyroidism

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 3845-3851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelhadi ◽  
Jörgen Nordenström
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

Patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) generally display reduced bone mass due to excessive PTH activity. The effect of parathyroidectomy on bone mass changes in different types of HPT, however, is not well understood. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the distal radius, total body, femoral neck, and lumbar spine by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in four groups of patients with different hyperparathyroid conditions: primary symptomatic HPT (n = 54), primary asymptomatic (mild) HPT (n = 24), HPT associated with hemodialysis (n = 20), and HPT associated with renal transplant (n = 30). Subsets of patients with primary symptomatic HPT (n= 52), HPT associated with hemodialysis (n = 19), and HPT associated with renal transplant (n = 15) underwent parathyroidectomy, and bone density was measured longitudinally for 3 yr. Patients with primary asymptomatic (mild) HPT did not undergo surgery and were followed prospectively. Before surgery, all groups showed a greater reduction of bone mineral density in cortical bone (distal radius) than in predominantly trabecular bone (lumbar spine). In primary symptomatic HPT, the BMD z-score of the distal radius was −1.80 ± 0.21 (±sem), and the corresponding figures for the total body, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were −0.60 ± 0.15, −0.54 ± 0.14, and −0.53 ± 0.18 compared with those of an age- and sex-matched reference group. In renal HPT BMD z-scores were −2.51± 0.38 (hemodialysis patients) and −2.83 ± 0.43 (renal transplant patients) for the distal radius and between −0.81 and− 1.46 for the other measured sites. After parathyroidectomy, BMD increased by 1–8% at all sites in patients with primary symptomatic HPT and HPT associated with renal transplant. The largest increase in bone mass was observed in patients with HPT associated with hemodialysis, in whom the improvement amounted to 7–23%. In patients with primary HPT and HPT associated with hemodialysis, this increase in bone density resulted in virtual recovery from their preoperative bone loss. The majority of patients with asymptomatic primary HPT disease (n = 21) maintained their bone density during the follow-up period and have not shown evidence of increases in serum calcium or PTH levels, but three patients followed conservatively underwent parathyroidectomy due to progressive deterioration of BMD. We conclude that, regardless of the etiology, a large proportion of HPT patients show reduced bone density. In patients with primary symptomatic HPT and patients with HPT associated with hemodialysis, bone density increases after parathyroidectomy to an extent that largely restores the preoperative bone loss. However, no anabolic effect of parathyroidectomy on bone mass was observed in patients with HPT associated with renal transplant, probably because of their immunosuppressive therapy.

Decreased Bone Density in Adolescent Girls With Anorexia Nervosa

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Bachrach ◽  
David Guido ◽  
Debra Katzman ◽  
Iris F. Litt ◽  
Robert Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Subjects

Osteoporosis develops in women with chronic anorexia nervosa. To determine whether bone mass is reduced in younger patients as well, bone density was studied in a group of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa. With single- and dual-photon absorptiometry, a comparison was made of bone mineral density of midradius, lumbar spine, and whole body in 18 girls (12 to 20 years of age) with anorexia nervosa and 25 healthy control subjects of comparable age. Patients had significantly lower lumbar vertebral bone density than did control subjects (0.830 ± 0.140 vs 1.054 ± 0.139 g/cm2) and significantly lower whole body bone mass (0.700 ± 0.130 vs 0.955 ± 0.130 g/cm2). Midradius bone density was not significantly reduced. Of 18 patients, 12 had bone density greater than 2 standard deviations less than normal values for age. The diagnosis of anorexia nervosa had been made less than 1 year earlier for half of these girls. Body mass index correlated significantly with bone mass in girls who were not anorexic (P < .05, .005, and .0001 for lumbar, radius, and whole body, respectively). Bone mineral correlated significantly with body mass index in patients with anorexia nervosa as well. In addition, age at onset and duration of anorexia nervosa, but not calcium intake, activity level, or duration of amenorrhea correlated significantly with bone mineral density. It was concluded that important deficits of bone mass occur as a frequent and often early complication of anorexia nervosa in adolescence. Whole body is considerably more sensitive than midradius bone density as a measure of cortical bone loss in this illness. Low body mass index is an important predictor of this reduction in bone mass.

scholarly journals Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Bone Mass in Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Kindler ◽  
Andrea J Lobene ◽  
Kara A Vogel ◽  
Berdine R Martin ◽  
Linda D McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Context Insulin resistance is an adverse health outcome that accompanies obesity. Fat mass is negatively associated with the bone mass after adjustment for confounders. Insulin resistance might be an intermediary in this relationship. Objective To determine whether insulin resistance is an intermediary in the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in adolescents. Design Cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from a previous randomized trial. Setting University research facility. Participants A total of 240 adolescents (68% female), aged 7 to 15 years. Main Outcome Measures Using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density, lean mass, and fat mass were measured. Skeletal sites of interest included the total body and lumbar spine (LS). Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric tape measure. Insulin and glucose were measured in fasting sera, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Path analysis was performed to determine whether the relationship between adiposity and bone was mediated through insulin resistance. Results Fat mass (r = 0.467; P < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.487; P < 0.001) correlated positively with HOMA-IR. Controlling for race, sex, maturation, lean mass, and height, fat mass, waist circumference, and HOMA-IR were negatively associated with LS BMC and total body areal bone mineral density (P < 0.05 for all). Additionally, path models for fat mass (95% CI, −5.893 to −0.956) and waist circumference (95% CI, −15.473 to −2.124) showed a negative relationship with LS BMC via HOMA-IR. Conclusions These results support an intermediary role of insulin resistance in the relationship between adiposity and LS bone mass.

Effect of diet-induced weight loss on total body bone mass

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Compston ◽  
M. A. Laskey ◽  
P. I. Croucher ◽  
A. Coxon ◽  
S. Kreitzman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Bone Mineral ◽  
Body Bone

1. Total body areal bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in eight women before and 10 weeks after a very-low-calorie diet [405 kcal (1701 kJ)/day]. 2. The mean weight loss of 15.6 kg was accompanied by a statistically significant reduction in total body bone mineral density from 1.205 ± 0.056 to 1.175 ± 0.058 g/cm2 (mean ± sd, P < 0.005). 3. After cessation of the diet, weight gradually increased and by 10 months was similar to baseline values. Total body bone mineral density also increased after stopping the diet and mean values obtained 10 months after the diet did not differ significantly from initial values. Throughout the study total body bone mineral density values in all subjects were well within the range reported for normal subjects. 4. These data indicate that diet-induced weight loss is associated with rapid bone loss, subsequent weight gain being accompanied by increases in bone mass. Further studies are required to establish the clinical significance of these findings and, in particular, the skeletal distribution of bone loss.

scholarly journals Low Bone Mass and Osteoporosis in Hispanic Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors. Is It a Real Problem ?

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5015-5015
Author(s):  
Alfonso Orozco ◽  
Juan Rangel-Patiño ◽  
Mayra Valdez-Carrizales ◽  
Roberta Demichelis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Introduction: The survival rates in children and adolescent or young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved in the last decades. Cancer survivors can have reduced bone mineral density (BMD) related both to the underlying disease and the treatment. This can persist for up to 20 years, increasing the risk of osteopenia / osteoporosis and the development of fractures that can generate disability and loss of function. The risk factors for the development of disorders of BMD in the adult ALL survivors has been little studied and there are no formal guideline recommendations on the long-term follow-up and treatment of these patients. We evaluated ALL-survivor patients in Mexico; both ALL and osteoporosis are more prevalent in Hispanic patients, therefore we implemented conducting a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during follow-up. Primary objective: Our main objective was to know the prevalence of alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) in a cohort of Hispanic ALL-survivors. Secondary objectives: To identify risk factors and the incidence of complications associated with BMD alterations. Methods: An observational, case-control study in a cohort of adult ALL survivors with follow-up at a referral center´s acute leukemia clinic in Mexico City. We include patients with more than one year of elective cessation of treatment in whom a DXA was performed as the routine follow-up for survivors. We compared the characteristics of the cases (patients with alterations in BMD) with the controls (patients without alterations in BMD). We define alterations in BMD by the WHO and the International Society of clinical DXA: the term of low BMD was used for younger patients and osteoporosis/osteopenia for older. Results: 61 ALL survivors were identified, 86.9% had B-Cell ALL and 13.1% T-Cell ALL. The median age at diagnosis was 12 years (1-55 years) and at the time of the study, 27 years (20-69 years). The majority (78.8%) had less than 18 years-old at diagnosis. The median follow-up from treatment cessation to densitometry was 142 months (10-499 months). An alteration in BMD was found in 63.9% of the patients: 84.6% were classified as low BMD for age and 15.4% as osteopenia/osteoporosis. The most frequently affected site was the spine (40%) followed by the hip and spine (32.5%) and the hip (10%). The median T-score and Z-score by area are shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows the characteristics of ALL-survivors with or without alterations in BMD. The median follow-up time was not different between the 2 groups. Gender, age at diagnosis, the use of induction dexamethasone and other chemotherapeutic agents, vitamin D deficiency, and hypogonadism were not associated with an increased risk of alterations in BMD. Receiving induction chemotherapy between 8 and 18 years of age (age where the highest bone mass is acquired) does not affect in the BMD at follow-up. During follow-up, three patients developed fractures: one pathological and 2 associated with trauma. The patient with a pathological fracture is a man with ALL diagnosed at 8 years of age and had an ankle fracture at 12 years associated with osteoporosis. Discussion and Conclusions: Alterations in BMD are very frequent in our cohort of ALL-survivors despite being a very young population (90% are under 50 years of age). We could not replicate the classically associated risk factors for altered BDM. We only found a non-significant trend for hematopoietic-stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and radiotherapy. This was previously been associated with alterations in different hormonal axes. Despite the high-prevalence of alterations in BMD, the incidence of fractures is very low. This may be related to the fact that it is unknown how to interpret DXA in a group of patients who received chemotherapy/radiotherapy in growth stages. Despite the limitations (small number of patients, the time between treatment and densitometry is heterogeneous and hormonal axes are not measured in all patients), given the high prevalence of BMA alterations, a better understanding of DXA findings in this group of patients is needed. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Rangel-Patiño: Bristol: Consultancy; Abbvie: Speakers Bureau. Demichelis: AMGEN: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astellas: Consultancy; Bristol/Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Jazz: Consultancy; ASH: Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of osteodensitometry in patients with sarcoidosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Ivana Bozic ◽  
Svetozar Damjanovic ◽  
Djuro Macut ◽  
Violeta Mihailovic-Vucinic
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Normal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Osseous Involvement ◽  
Mineral Bone Density

Introduction. Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multi-organ, inflammatory disease which predominantly affects the lungs. Although direct osseous involvement in sarcoidosis is rare, patients with this disease, regardless of the presence of osseous lesions, are at a great risk of developing osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a consequence of the disease itself, as well as of its treatment. Osteodensitometry. Osteodensitometry is the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis, and it is based on the assessment of the bone mineral density. One of the main drawbacks of osteodensitometry as a method for osteoporosis verification is its inability to determine bone micro-architectonics, which is a significant element of bone strength. Mineral Bone Density in Patients with Sarcoidosis. It has been shown that newly diagnosed, yet untreated patients with sarcoidosis have rapid bone remodeling, although their mineral bone density is normal or low to normal. This suggests that the low bone strength in patients with sarcoidosis is a consequence of mechanisms that predominantly disturb the bone micro-architectonics, but they do not have a significant effect on the bone mineral density at the same time. Vertebral Fractures and their Diagnosis in Patients with Sarcoidosis. Normal bone mineral density in patients with sarcoidosis does not preclude skeletal fractures, primarily vertebral fractures. Osteodensitometry devices allow a relatively easy detection of vertebral fractures in patients with sarcoidosis. Conclusion. Osteodensitometry is recommended in every patient with sarcoidosis initially as well as during the follow up and treatment. Even if osteodensitometry is normal, the possibility of vertebral fractures should not be overlooked in these patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Dried Plum (Prunes) on Bone Density and Strength in Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Jonnatan Fajardo ◽  
Danielle Gaffen ◽  
Ashley Eisner ◽  
Mark Kern ◽  
Shirin Hooshmand
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Traditionally, osteoporosis has been viewed as a disease mostly affecting women, but cases in men are increasing. Fractures due to osteoporosis can lead to a decreased quality of life in vulnerable populations and lead to increased mortality in men. Although several studies of male and female animals and adult women have demonstrated bone protective effects of dried plum (prunes), no human study has evaluated the effect of dried plum on bone health in men. The objective of the current study was to examine the long-term effects of 100 g dried plum on bone density and strength in men. Methods Sixty-six men (50–79 years old) were randomly assigned into two treatment groups for 12 months: (1) 100 g/day of dried plums; (2) control (0 g/day dried plum). Bone mineral density was measured at baseline, 6- and 12-months at the total body, hip, lumbar spine, and ulna via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Evaluation of volumetric bone density and strength of the left tibia occurred at baseline, 6- and 12-months using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Results There were no statistically significant changes in bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline to 6 months and 12 months for total body, spine (L1-L4), right and left hip BMD in the control group (0 g/day dried plum) or 100 g/day dried plum group. Modest beneficial effects of dried plums were observed for changes in bone geometry as detected by pQCT including a tendency for BMD to increase as well as increases in periosteal and endosteal circumferences at the 66% region of the tibia, which may promote greater bone strength. Conclusions Dried plums have the potential to improve bone morphometry of the proximal tibia in healthy adult men when consumed for 12 months. Future studies should examine the impact on men with low bone density to further evaluate the bone protective effects of dried plum in male populations. Funding Sources This study was funded by the California Dried Plum Board.

scholarly journals Associations of breast-feeding patterns and introduction of solid foods with childhood bone mass: The Generation R Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith H. van den Hooven ◽  
Mounira Gharsalli ◽  
Denise H. M. Heppe ◽  
Hein Raat ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractBreast-feeding has been associated with later bone health, but results from previous studies are inconsistent. We examined the associations of breast-feeding patterns and timing of introduction of solids with bone mass at the age of 6 years in a prospective cohort study among 4919 children. We collected information about duration and exclusiveness of breast-feeding and timing of introduction of any solids with postnatal questionnaires. A total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was performed at 6 years of age, and bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), area-adjusted BMC (aBMC) and bone area (BA) were analysed. Compared with children who were ever breast-fed, those never breast-fed had lower BMD (−4·62 mg/cm2; 95 % CI −8·28, −0·97), BMC (−8·08 g; 95 % CI −12·45, −3·71) and BA (−7·03 cm2; 95 % CI −12·55, −1·52) at 6 years of age. Among all breast-fed children, those who were breast-fed non-exclusively in the first 4 months had higher BMD (2·91 mg/cm2; 95 % CI 0·41, 5·41) and aBMC (3·97 g; 95 % CI 1·30, 6·64) and lower BA (−4·45 cm2; 95 % CI −8·28, −0·61) compared with children breast-fed exclusively for at least 4 months. Compared with introduction of solids between 4 and 5 months, introduction <4 months was associated with higher BMD and aBMC, whereas introduction between 5 and 6 months was associated with lower aBMC and higher BA. Additional adjustment for infant vitamin D supplementation did not change the results. In conclusion, results from the present study suggest that ever breast-feeding compared with never breast-feeding is associated with higher bone mass in 6-year-old children, but exclusive breast-feeding for 4 months or longer was not positively associated with bone outcomes.

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