Money as a Store of Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-946
Author(s):  
Guy Numa
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Precautionary Motive ◽  
The Common

The common narrative about Jean-Baptiste Say’s treatment of money holdings is that he denied the possibility of hoarding. I show that this interpretation of Say’s thinking is erroneous. Drawing upon the various editions of Traité and Cours and other lesser-known texts, I provide substantial evidence to refute the widespread but mistaken view that, for Say, money was only a medium of exchange. In reality, not only did Say analyze long-term and short-term hoarding, but more generally, Say did envisage that money could serve as a store of value. In particular, three motives could lead individuals to keep idle balances in times of uncertainty: a precautionary motive, the lack of good investment opportunities, and the lack of information. For Say, the demand for money for precautionary motive rose during depressions, indicating that hoarding was a symptom rather than a cause of disturbance. Hoarding was an integral part of Say’s economic system that did not invalidate his law of outlets.

Evaluating the Financial Performance Through ‘Consumer Centric Decision’ Approach in Pharmaceutical Companies of Bangladesh: a Business Planning Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Mahmud Uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Investment Choice ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Business Analysis

Pharmaceuticals agglomerations consistently use their brand image and versatile product portfolios to consolidate their position in the financial sector, which is evident in their continuous profit making and expansion in market share. This paper explores the short-term and long-term investment attractiveness through ‘consumer centric decision’ approach in two selected pharmaceutical companies, Renata Limited and Orion Pharma Limited, of Bangladesh over the last three years’ period. This research adopts a systematic approach which primarily addresses the various concerns of investors to illustrate the decision-making process of the existing and future investors. Using primarily domestic transaction data, this study explores how the leading pharmaceuticals companies of Bangladesh effectively use the wide array of drug portfolios mix with appropriate branding techniques to increase their financial profit and market share simultaneously. Both SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces Model explore the business analysis of Renata Limited in compare to Orion Pharma Limited that provides a conclusion regarding investors’ decision to invest in Renata Limited. Considering the financial analysis, Renata’s financial liquidity is not very satisfactory and could have been improved further if management is prudent on financial strategy settings. Findings of the business analysis indicate that Renata Limited would be a good investment choice for existing and prospective shareholders based on its opportunities for long term and short term growth and further expansion in developing the market. The results suggest that even lower liquidity coupled with higher interest borrowings can be balanced by posing positive picture to the public shareholders by returning the positive dividend to them.

scholarly journals DETERMINAN ALIRAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DI INDONESIA (PENDEKATAN MODEL DUNNING)

Media Trend ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Claudia TeziaJanuarita Putri ◽  
Regina Niken Wilantari
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Capital Inflow ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Investment Opportunities

<p><em>Traffic capital across countries is one of  investment opportunities from domestic and abroad to stimulate the economic growth  of developing countries</em><em>. Compared to other forms of capital, Foreign Direct Investment is the flow of capital is long-term and relatively not as vulnerable to economic shocks. The aim of this study is to see the performance of FDI movement as a capital inflow in Indonesia and to explores whether factors that affect FDI using Dunning’s ecletic model. </em><em>This study focused on two basic analysis, descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis using the Error Correction Model (ECM). </em><em>The results of short-term ECM estimate shows that FDI is influenced by inflation and the degree of economic openness. Furthermore, the result in the long term ECM estimate show that only variable that infrastructure does not significantly affect the movement of FDI in Indonesia. </em></p>

scholarly journals Teenage mothers: a long-term view on their well-being

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M G van Tintelen ◽  
S H Bolt ◽  
D E M C Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Teenage Childbearing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background This study aims to address the lack of information about teenage mothers in different stages of their lives by exploring how they are doing in the long term and the social support they receive. Methods From December 2018 to February 2019 teenage mothers in the Netherlands were recruited by Fiom (an expert centre for unintended pregnancy), via social media and a website for teenage mothers (n = 248). Using an online survey, data were obtained to assess various outcomes, such as well-being, education, work, income, housing and social support. Respondents were divided into three groups: 0-3 years after teenage childbearing (short-term), 4-12 years (medium-term), &gt;12 years (long-term). Results were analysed using univariate and bivariate descriptions in SPSS. Results Almost 80% of the respondents reported that they were doing well and were satisfied with their life. 63.3% had a job, and 17.0% was enrolled in education. Short-term mothers worked fewer hours per week compared to long-term mothers (p &lt; 0.001). 85.1% of the respondents reported that they received benefits, short-term mothers receiving more benefits than long-term mothers (p &lt; 0.001). The majority (78.2%) was satisfied with their living conditions; short-term mothers were less satisfied than long-term mothers (p = 0.031). 36.3% of the respondents smoked cigarettes. Most support was given by family (83.1%), mainly from female relatives. About 24% of the respondents received formal support. Conclusions This study shows that teenage mothers, on average, were doing well and were satisfied with their life, in both the short and long term. Regarding income and housing, short-term mothers were in a less favourable position. These results suggest that as the years pass, teenage mothers overcome difficulties. Since the association between well-being and social support on the long term is unknown, we advise investigating the effect of social support on the outcomes of teenage childbearing. Key messages Both in the short-term and the long-term, most teenage mothers were doing well and satisfied with life. Regarding housing and income, short-term mothers function less well compared to long-term mothers.

scholarly journals Challenges to the strategic art at the beginning of XXI century – the twelve fundamental problems that strategists cannot cope with

2019 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-472
Author(s):  
Mariusz Fryc
Keyword(s):  
Developing Strategy ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Common

The main aim of this research is to attract security and defense practi-tioners as well as theorists attention to the common as well as frequent-ly spotted fundamental problems concerning developing and imple-menting strategies of using force to solve security matters in conflicts. The research identified that ineffective strategies are often hampered by the twelve fundamental errors that strategists cannot cope with. Belong to them: 1) inadequate level of knowledge among military and political leaders concerning the strategic art and strategy itself; 2) hardship in defining the end state of the operation as well as creating unachievable strategic goals; 3) formulating a strategy on flawed as-sumptions; 4) inability to find the balance among the key components of each strategy like: goals, ways and means; 5) difficulties in achieving a political and military dialogue; 6) overestimating the effectiveness and usefulness of “hard” power as well deprecating utility of non-military power; 7) underestimating the influence of social and cultural aspects on the desired end state of the operation; 8) developing strategy upon inadequate theoretical and practical models; 9) using the comprehen-sive approach of developing strategy in an uninspired and mechanical way to achieve a competitive advantage over opponent; 10) measuring the success of the operation through the prism of short-term and tacti-cal effects instead of long-term and systemic one; 11) viewing an “exit strategy” as a predetermined date of withdrawal military forces from operation; 12) disregarding usage of the “just” strategies in accordance with international rules of law. Eliminating those errors form the con-temporary practice will make all implemented strategies far for effec-tive in its nature as well as significantly strengthen the probability of success in complex security situation where the force is intended to be applied.

scholarly journals SmartCharge Digital Streetscape: Integrating mobile phones more urbanistically through streetscape interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Scheurich
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Common ◽  
Everyday Routine

<p>Mobile phone technology is rapidly changing our world, how we interact with one another, and our built environment. This thesis investigates how we can integrate mobile phone technology more urbanistically.  There is a tendency for designs of this kind to be a short-term artistic gesture that do not interact with their surrounding environment in either a long term or meaningful way. This thesis argues that the ability of a design to outwardly impact its environment should be considered; rather than sustaining the common belief that design installations only act as a momentary or disposable implementation. It will examine how design can reinvigorate a space and be absorbed into a city’s everyday routine, in a way that it allows it to become permanent and valuable to the streetscape and the community.  This thesis focuses on our dependency on mobile phones by exploring how these devices can overlap with the urban environment through a streetscape intervention. Choosing to test the design of a recharge station across different sites will allow the investigation of the design’s ability to be adapted into different city environments. These stations will be developed with the intention of creating social hotspots that could have a positive outward effect which impacts their urban setting and surroundings. Ultimately these installations will allow us to become digitally and physically connected with society and our city.</p>

scholarly journals SmartCharge Digital Streetscape: Integrating mobile phones more urbanistically through streetscape interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Scheurich
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Common ◽  
Everyday Routine

<p>Mobile phone technology is rapidly changing our world, how we interact with one another, and our built environment. This thesis investigates how we can integrate mobile phone technology more urbanistically.  There is a tendency for designs of this kind to be a short-term artistic gesture that do not interact with their surrounding environment in either a long term or meaningful way. This thesis argues that the ability of a design to outwardly impact its environment should be considered; rather than sustaining the common belief that design installations only act as a momentary or disposable implementation. It will examine how design can reinvigorate a space and be absorbed into a city’s everyday routine, in a way that it allows it to become permanent and valuable to the streetscape and the community.  This thesis focuses on our dependency on mobile phones by exploring how these devices can overlap with the urban environment through a streetscape intervention. Choosing to test the design of a recharge station across different sites will allow the investigation of the design’s ability to be adapted into different city environments. These stations will be developed with the intention of creating social hotspots that could have a positive outward effect which impacts their urban setting and surroundings. Ultimately these installations will allow us to become digitally and physically connected with society and our city.</p>

The Demand for Money in Pakistan

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Real Income ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Time Deposits ◽  
One Year ◽  
Average Rise ◽  
Exclusive Or ◽  
Yearly Rate

It is the purpose of this paper to present an empirical analysis of the demand function for money in Pakistan. Our empirical investigation is restricted to the period 1951-70. During this period (a) nominal income rose at an average yearly rate of 7.0 per cent; (b) nominal stock of money averaged a yearly increase of 7.9 or 9.7 per cent depending on whether money is defined exclusive or inclusive of time deposits, respectively; (c) the average rise in real income was 4.0 per cent but it fluctuated substantially from one year to another; (d) the yieid on long-term government bonds increased about 2.9 per cent per year but the short-term interest rate (call money rate) advanced more than 7.1 per cent; (e) prices were relatively stable and by any measure, averaged a yearly increase of less than 4.0 per cent. To complete this outline we should mention that the institutional setup affecting these economic variables included a wide variety of controls on imports, exports, distribution of commodi¬ties, and prices prior to 1958 and somewhat less restrictive policies in the remainder of the period under consideration.

scholarly journals Financial Slack: A Strategic Control Decision

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Michael Baur ◽  
Karen Smith ◽  
Omar Benkato
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Strategic Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financial Slack ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Control Decision ◽  
Debt Capacity ◽  
Strategic Allocation

Financial slack or debt capacity adds to the discretion of managers. For strategic reasons, this discretion is valuable in the event of unforeseen future investment opportunities. This paper investigates how this strategic allocation of control within the firm influences the choice among short-term debt, long-term debt, and equity. This analysis suggests that equity or long-term debt produces efficient investment decisions when relationship-specific assets exist and are unequally distributed. Otherwise, non-integration via short-term debt is preferred.

scholarly journals Financial markets in the period of uncertainty – focus on the Slovak financial market

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Igor Turuk ◽  
Marcela Passova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Great Stress

Economic environment has changed significantly in recent days due to the COVID19 and measures the governments apply to combat it will inevitably cause the substantial shrinkage of economies due to reduced economic activities on the national as well as global levels. As a result, financial markets have been under great stress because there is no prediction on the size, scope, and duration of this situation. Simultaneously this causes a great uncertainty. It is obvious that financial markets play crucial role in the general good standing of economies because they are serving as a channel through which funds are transferred to and between entities on the market. Financial and monetary systems are a part of the economic system whereby for the latter it is important the former to be as stable as possible. In order this to be achieved or at least risks caused by uncertainty to be reduced both in short-term as well as long-term perspectives a wide scope of traditional as well as modern the financial market regulations have been applied and here we are going to present at least some of them.

Policy coherence and sustainable tourism in the Caribbean

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Conflict ◽  
The Common ◽  
Expenditure Reduction

The common failure to give due weight to environmental and social factors creates a risk that that short‐term economic growth objectives may be traded off against long‐term objectives, such as environmental quality. This potential policy conflict may be exacerbated in the developing countries that are undergoing structural adjustment, as the associated trimming of non‐core public expenditure will typically include measures designed to manage the environment. Thus the long‐term future of the vital tourist industry might be compromised in the process of meeting short‐term public expenditure reduction targets. The solution lies partly in improved policy coherence; micro‐level prescriptions are more likely to be sustainable per se and also help to underpin a wider process of sustainable development if the appropriate policy framework is analysed and evolved integrally, as part of a coherent national plan. The need, therefore, is for an appropriate, flexible structure that could capture the business, environmental and developmental aspects of tourism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document