The Ondol Problem and the Politics of Forest Conservation in Colonial Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fedman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Colonial Korea ◽  
Ground Zero ◽  
Heated Floor ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
A Site ◽  
Floor System ◽  
Continental Climate

AbstractThis article examines the ondol—the cooking stove–cum–heated floor system conventional to Korean dwellings—as a site of contestation over forest management, fuel consumption, and domestic life in colonial Korea. At once a provider of heat essential to survival in an often frigid peninsula and, in the eyes of colonial officials, ground zero of deforestation, the ondol garnered tremendous interest from an array of reformers determined to improve the Korean home and its hearth. Foresters were but one party to a far-reaching debate (involving architects, doctors, and agronomists) over how best to domesticate heat in the harsh continental climate. By tracing the contours of this debate, this article elucidates the multitude of often-conflicting interests inherent to state-led interventions in household fuel economies: what the author calls the politics of forest conservation in colonial Korea. In focusing on efforts to regulate the quotidian rhythms of energy consumption, it likewise investigates the material underpinnings of everyday life—a topic hitherto overlooked in extant scholarship on forestry and empire alike.

scholarly journals Humidity-Sensitive Demand-Controlled Ventilation Applied to Multi-Unit Residential Building – Performance and Energy Consumption in Dfb Continental Climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Sowa ◽  
Maciej Mijakowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Continental Climate

A humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation system is known for many years. It has been developed and commonly applied in regions with an oceanic climate. Some attempts were made to introduce this solution in Poland in a much severe continental climate. The article evaluates this system's performance and energy consumption applied in an 8-floor multi-unit residential building, virtual reference building described by the National Energy Conservation Agency NAPE, Poland. The simulations using the computer program CONTAM were performed for the whole hating season for Warsaw's climate. Besides passive stack ventilation that worked as a reference, two versions of humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation were checked. The difference between them lies in applying the additional roof fans that convert the system to hybrid. The study confirmed that the application of demand-controlled ventilation in multi-unit residential buildings in a continental climate with warm summer (Dfb) leads to significant energy savings. However, the efforts to ensure acceptable indoor air quality require hybrid ventilation, which reduces the energy benefits. It is especially visible when primary energy use is analyzed.

The Country Book

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-161
Author(s):  
John Evelev
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Herman Melville ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
National Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
Suburban Development ◽  
A Site ◽  
Suburban Life

Picturesque aesthetics and an increased focus on men’s domestic life shaped the rapid growth of the suburbs in the mid-nineteenth century, one of the most consequential reconfigurations of American understandings of national space. This suburban development had its own popular literary genre in the period, the country book. Although the country book is now largely forgotten and many of its more prominent examples have lapsed into obscurity, canonical writers such as Herman Melville wrote in the genre, and Thoreau’s Walden can also be understood in the context of this genre. The country book’s vision of the suburbs as a site of picturesque male domesticity that allowed for both privacy and homosocial intimacy countered a dominant vision of urban masculinity as public, individualistic, and competitive. Although the country book in general offers an idealized vision of male suburban life, individual texts also often feature deferrals, debility, and even death that threaten both male privacy and intimacy. The country book promoted the imaginative investments in suburban development at the same time that it hinted at the contradictions at the heart of middle-class masculine identity that foreclosed on that dream. In this way, as with the park movement texts discussed in Chapter 3, the country books that supported mid-nineteenth-century suburban development expressed both the social aspirations and fears of bourgeois men.

scholarly journals Humidity-Sensitive, Demand-Controlled Ventilation Applied to Multiunit Residential Building—Performance and Energy Consumption in Dfb Continental Climate

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6669
Author(s):  
Jerzy Sowa ◽  
Maciej Mijakowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Continental Climate ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Humidity-sensitive, demand-controlled ventilation systems have been in use for many years in regions with oceanic climates. Some attempts have been made to apply this technology in Poland, which has a continental climate. This article evaluates the performance and energy consumption of such a system when applied in an eight-floor, multiunit, residential building, i.e., the virtual reference building described by the National Energy Conservation Agency (NAPE), Poland. Simulations using the computer program CONTAM were performed for the whole heating season based upon the climate in Warsaw. Besides passive stack ventilation, that served as a reference, two ventilation systems were studied: one standard and one “hybrid” system with additional roof fans. This study confirmed that the application of humidity-sensitive, demand-controlled ventilation in multiunit residential buildings in a continental climate (Dfb) led to significant energy savings (up to 11.64 kWh/m2 of primary energy). However, the operation of the system on higher floors was found to be ineffective. Ensuring consistent operation of the system on all floors required supplementary fans. The introduction of a hybrid mode reduced carbon dioxide concentrations by approximately 32% in the units located in the upper part of the building. The energetic effect in such cases depends strongly on the electricity source. In the case of the national energy grid, savings of primary energy would be relatively low, i.e., 1.07 kWh/m2, but in the case of locally produced renewable energy, the energy savings would be equal to 5.18 kWh/m2.

Taste as Governor: Soy Sauce in Late Chosŏn and Colonial Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Kyoungjin Bae
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Colonial Korea ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
Korean Market

The history of soy sauce in Korea has been viewed as a progression from premodern handicraft to modern industrialization. Questioning such a linear perspective, this article examines the history of soy sauce during the late Chosŏn (1392–1910) and colonial (1910–45) periods through the lens of taste. Traditional soy sauce made from blocks of fermented soybeans called meju appeared only in the eighteenth century alongside the standardization of homebrewing. This, however, did not lead to a standard taste of soy sauce, as taste was understood to be naturally variable across households, and women were the arbiters of taste in each family. The notion of Korean soy sauce possessing a coherent taste emerged during the colonial era. As commercially brewed, and later industrialized, Japanese soy sauce entered the Korean market, taste gradually acquired a new role for consumers as a guide to navigate the increasingly heterogeneous foodscape. Focusing on the practice of blending and pairing different kinds of soy sauce, this article argues that taste became a site of culinary experiments and an instrument of knowledge building that linked the premodern and modern modes of making and cooking.

Reflecting Absence, or How Ground Zero Was Purged of Its Material History (2001–2010)

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Bob van Toor ◽  
Hanneke Ronnes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Ground Zero ◽  
Port Authority ◽  
Office Space ◽  
Material Agency ◽  
Material History ◽  
Almost All ◽  
A Site

Abstract:The development of the urban space of Ground Zero has been a long and difficult process, resulting in the removal of almost all of its material history. The material objects formerly present on the site had an important part and significant agency in the struggle between different stakeholders of Ground Zero. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and Larry Silverstein, owner and leaseholder of the sixteen acres that held the Twin Towers, intended to rebuild the ten million square feet of office space that was destroyed on 9/11. This force of production asserted itself over possible modes of consumption of the space, each championed and represented by overlapping groups of people. Some wished to see the space redeveloped as a site of mourning, others as a site fit for touristic consumption, as a space for residence, or as a site representing a material past older than 9/11. It shall be argued that for these consumer groups the symbolic complexity of the site, and its potential power in political performances, was intricately connected to space and the material agency of objects remaining on Ground Zero post 2001.

Automation of the heated floor system in a room under the influence of ambient conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 117298
Author(s):  
Igor V. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Mikhail A. Sheremet ◽  
Yu-Bin Chen ◽  
Jui-Yung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Heated Floor ◽  
Floor System

“He Rests from His Labors”: Racialized Recreation and Missionary Science in Colonial Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-372
Author(s):  
Derek J. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Colonial Korea ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
A Site

AbstractThis article examines how Anglo-American evangelicals in colonial Korea employed racialized understandings of the environment to justify a culture of recreation and health. In the metropole and periphery, missionary researchers studying climate, geography, and public health asserted a science-based injunction to rest that was intended to maintain a population of evangelical workers. The production of this scientific research, external to the Japanese colonial state, allowed the missionary community to establish a rationale for collective segregation from the local populations they sought to save. In Korea, this dynamic is profiled through the history of a missionary resort at Sorai beach. Initially believed to have contributed to the suicide of an evangelical worker in 1895, within a few years the Sorai area rapidly transformed. In step with the broader culture of summer recreation that emerged in Korea during the 1910s and 1920s, the missionaries recast Sorai from a deleterious space into a site of strategic and devotional rest.

Performing trauma: Commemorating 9/11 in downtown Manhattan

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-469
Author(s):  
Ross Poole
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Ground Zero ◽  
Memorial Museum ◽  
The World ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

There are two memorials at the site of the World Trade Center: the above ground Memorial Park and the below ground Memorial Museum. They embody very different conceptions of how an event such as 9/11 should be remembered. The Memorial Park was an attempt to integrate the recognition of loss into the ongoing life of the city. It fails to do this, largely because it succumbs to the temptation to let the site itself—“Ground Zero”—do the work of memory. The two pools (“voids”) are located on the footprints of the two towers. They dominate the site, inheriting the clumsy monumentality of the destroyed buildings. The underground Memorial Museum combines relics, remnants, images, and newsreels, to involve its visitors in the emotional immediacy of the events of 9/11. It presents 9/11 as a traumatic memory, one to be re-experienced but not understood, placing it outside history in a kind of perpetual present. It reinforces what Marita Sturken identified as a national sense of innocence, and it militates against the development of an historical understanding of the causes and consequences of 9/11. In the final section of this article, I reflect on ways in Ground Zero might have been designed to create a site where residents, citizens, and visitors might have come together to mourn, reflect on, and seek to understand the events of 9/11.

Investigation and comparison on thermal comfort and energy consumption of four personalized seat heating systems based on heated floor panels

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2093914
Author(s):  
Guoqing Yu ◽  
Zhaoji Gu ◽  
Zhenye Yan ◽  
Hengtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heated Floor

The climate of Yangtze River Basin in China is cold and humid in winter. Conventional air-conditioning systems may cause high energy consumption and uncomfortable microclimatic conditions especially for lower body of indoor occupants. This study investigated four personalized seat heating systems, in a typical office room in Shanghai during winter, based on heated floor panels including heated floor panels + ordinary chair (HF-OC), heated floor panels + insulated chair (HF-IC), heated floor panels +insulated chair and leg box (HF-IC-LB) and overall personalized heating (OPH). The surface temperature of walls and heated floor panels, and the indoor air temperature at different positions were recorded with thermocouples. The hourly energy consumptions of the proposed personalized seat heating systems were measured and compared with a conventional split type air conditioner. Questionnaires of thermal sensation and comfort were carried out among 10 university students. Compared with HF-OC, HF-IC could improve the thermal comfort to a certain extent, while HF-IC-LB provided the optimal thermal micro-environment for the lower body other than other body parts. The OPH systems were proven effective to provide satisfactory thermal environment for all body parts at lower indoor temperature (12–16°C) with much less energy consumption than room air conditioners.

scholarly journals EXPANDING THE POSSIBILITIES OF BUILDING MODERNIZATION: CASE STUDY OF LITHUANIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytautas Stankevičius ◽  
Jūratė Karbauskaitė ◽  
Arūnas Burlingis ◽  
Jolanta Šadauskienė ◽  
Romaldas Morkvėnas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Heated Floor ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

Energy saving has become one of the foremost priorities in the European Union and a great deal of attention is directed towards the sector of sustainable building. However, the EU members that have an extensive Soviet heritage now face a great difficulty in reducing energy consumption. Since many apartment buildings are in especially poor thermal condition, and the heat supply infrastructure is morally and physically outdated, energy consumption for heating is significant. The modernization (renovation) of such old buildings is impeded not only by legal and technical factors, but also financial and social aspects in regard to the residents. Thus, this paper provides new model of investments and modernization of apartment buildings on the basis of the calculation of energy input per one degree-day of the heated floor area. The presented degree-days calculation method enables the calculation and inter-comparison of data gathered in all European Union member states without taking into account specific climate parameters of each.

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