The growth and expansion of meningeal lymphatic networks are affected in craniosynostosis

Dural Venous Sinus ◽

Molecular Tracers

Congenital skull malformations are associated with vascular anomalies that can impair fluid balance in the central nervous system. We previously reported that humans with craniosynostosis and mutations in TWIST1 have dural venous sinus malformations. It is still unknown whether meningeal lymphatic networks, which are patterned alongside the venous sinuses, are also affected. Using a novel skull flat mounting technique, we show that the growth and expansion of meningeal lymphatics are perturbed in Twist1 craniosynostosis models. Changes to the local meningeal environment, including hypoplastic dura and venous malformations, affect the ability of lymphatic networks to sprout and remodel. Dorsal networks along the transverse sinus are hypoplastic with reduced branching. By contrast, basal networks closer to the skull base are more variably affected, showing exuberant growth in some animals suggesting they are compensating for vessel loss in dorsal networks. Injecting molecular tracers into cerebrospinal fluid reveals significantly less drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes, indicative of impaired lymphatic function. Collectively, our results show that meningeal lymphatic development is hindered in craniosynostosis, suggesting central nervous system waste clearance may be impeded.

CHAPTER 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infections

Tick-borne encephalitis - The Book ◽

10.33442/26613980_9-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

T Cells ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

Viral Infectious Disease ◽

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

Development of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Stage after Hemorrhage in the Central Nervous System

Life ◽

10.3390/life11040300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 300

Author(s):

Petr Kelbich ◽

Aleš Hejčl ◽

Jan Krejsek ◽

Tomáš Radovnický ◽

Inka Matuchová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Early Stage ◽

Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

Molecular Patterns

Extravasation of blood in the central nervous system (CNS) represents a very strong damaged associated molecular patterns (DAMP) which is followed by rapid inflammation and can participate in worse outcome of patients. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 139 patients after the CNS hemorrhage. We compared 109 survivors (Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) 5-3) and 30 patients with poor outcomes (GOS 2-1). Statistical evaluations were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Almost the same numbers of erythrocytes in both subgroups appeared in days 0–3 (p = 0.927) and a significant increase in patients with GOS 2-1 in days 7–10 after the hemorrhage (p = 0.004) revealed persistence of extravascular blood in the CNS as an adverse factor. We assess 43.3% of patients with GOS 2-1 and only 27.5% of patients with GOS 5-3 with low values of the coefficient of energy balance (KEB < 15.0) in days 0–3 after the hemorrhage as a trend to immediate intensive inflammation in the CNS of patients with poor outcomes. We consider significantly higher concentration of total protein of patients with GOS 2-1 in days 0–3 after hemorrhage (p = 0.008) as the evidence of immediate simultaneously manifested intensive inflammation, swelling of the brain and elevation of intracranial pressure.

Stability of mRNA/Cationic Lipid Lipoplexes in Human and Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid: Methods and Evidence for Nonviral mRNA Gene Delivery to the Central Nervous System

Human Gene Therapy ◽

10.1089/10430340360535751 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 191-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Dua M. Anderson ◽

Leon L. Hall ◽

Anitha R. Ayyalapu ◽

Van R. Irion ◽

Michael H. Nantz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Gene Delivery ◽

Cationic Lipid ◽

Mrna Gene ◽

Difficulties in the differentiation of chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system - value of cerebrospinal fluid analysis and immunological abnormalities in the diagnosis

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0404.2005.00414.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 207-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

D. Reske ◽

H.-F. Petereit ◽

W.-D. Heiss

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Fluid Analysis ◽

Immunological Abnormalities

Dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus infection of the central nervous system share similar profiles of cytokine accumulation in cerebrospinal fluid

Central European Journal of Immunology ◽

10.5114/ceji.2017.69366 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 218-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Haipeng Li ◽

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Bo Wen ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Chengwu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection ◽

Chapter 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infection

Tick-borne encephalitis - The Book ◽

10.33442/26613980_9-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Gredmark-Russ ◽

Renata Varnaite

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

T Cells ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

Viral Infectious Disease ◽

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

Takata-Aga reaction in the study of cerebrospinal fluid

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj77622 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 1182-1182

Author(s):

D. K. Bogoroditsky

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Acid Solution ◽

Test Tube ◽

The State ◽

The technique of this reaction, suggested by two Japanese authors, Takata and Aga, in 1926, consists in adding 1 drop of a 10% Na carbonici solution and 0.3 of a freshly prepared mixture of equal parts 0.5% sulfa solution and 0.02% fuchsin (non-acid) solution to 1 cc of liquid. The mixture is shaken well and left in a test tube, and examined now after shaking, after h, after h, and after 24 h. Having tested this reaction in 60 patients, D.K. Bogoroditsky found that it is a very subtle indicator of the state of the central nervous system.

Primary Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis in Children and Adults: A Morphological and Molecular Comparative Study With Literature Review

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/neu.0000000000001028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 343-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Arnault Tauziede-Espariat ◽

Andre Maues de Paula ◽

Melanie Pages ◽

Annie Laquerriere ◽

Emilie Caietta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Malignant Gliomas ◽

Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis ◽

Molecular Features ◽

The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PLG) is a poorly recognized tumor of the central nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of PLG. METHODS: Results of our multicentric retrospective study of 6 PLG cases (3 pediatric and 3 adult) were compared with literature data. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.7 years for adults and 8.7 years for children, with 3 males and 3 females. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed a high protein level often associated with pleocytosis but without neoplastic cells. On neuroimaging, diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and hydrocephalus were observed, except in 1 case. PLG was mostly misinterpreted as infectious or tumoral meningitis. The first biopsy was negative in 50% of cases. Histopathologically, PLG cases corresponded to 1 oligodendroglioma without 1p19q codeletion and 5 astrocytomas without expression of p53. No immunostaining for IDH1R132H and no mutations of IDH1/2 and H3F3A genes were found. Overall survival was highly variable (2-82 months) but seems to be increased in children treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study shows the difficulties of PLG diagnosis. The challenge is to achieve an early biopsy to establish a diagnosis and to begin a treatment, but the prognosis remains poor. PLG seems to have a different molecular and immunohistochemical pattern compared with intraparenchymal malignant gliomas.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology of Lyme Neuroborreliosis: A Report of 3 Cases with Literature Review

Acta Cytologica ◽

10.1159/000439160 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 339-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juan Xing ◽

Lisa Radkay ◽

Sara E. Monaco ◽

Christine G. Roth ◽

Liron Pantanowitz

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Flow Cytometry ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Lyme Disease ◽

B Cell ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Lyme Neuroborreliosis ◽

Chain Analysis ◽

Lyme disease can affect the central nervous system causing a B-cell-predominant lymphocytic pleocytosis. Since most reactions to infection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are typically T-cell predominant, a B-cell-predominant lymphocytosis raises concern for lymphoma. We present 3 Lyme neuroborreliosis cases in order to illustrate the challenging cytomorphological and immunophenotypic features of their CSF specimens. Three male patients who presented with central nervous system manifestations were diagnosed with Lyme disease. The clinical presentation, laboratory tests, CSF cytological examination and flow-cytometric studies were described for each case. CSF cytology showed lymphocytic pleocytosis with increased plasmacytoid cells and/or plasma cells. Flow cytometry showed the presence of polytypic B lymphocytes with evidence of plasmacytic differentiation in 2 cases. In all cases, Lyme disease was confirmed by the Lyme screening test and Western blotting. In such cases of Lyme neuroborreliosis, flow cytometry of CSF samples employing plasmacytic markers and cytoplasmic light-chain analysis is diagnostically helpful to exclude lymphoma.