The growth of rats and mice vibrissae under normal and some abnormal conditions

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-844
Author(s):  
Lamees Ibrahim ◽  
E.A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Normal Rate ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Full Diet ◽  
Subsequent Cycle ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Rats And Mice

The growth of hair from the mystacial vibrissal follicles of C3H mice and Wistar rats has been measured for up to seven cycles. Normally growth in length and thickness was regular and little affected by age or sex. Plucking vibrissae at any stage during the growing period was followed by the appearance of a new vibrissa 8–11 days later. Plucking when growth had ceased had no effect on the time of appearance of the subsequent cycle. New whiskers emerging after plucking grew at the normal rate. Withholding food slowed the growth of vibrissae within 1 day. Normal growth was re-established 3 days after return to full diet.

scholarly journals Mice with Impaired Extrathyroidal Thyroxine to 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Conversion Maintain Normal Serum 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Concentrations

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. Christoffolete ◽  
Rafael Arrojo e Drigo ◽  
Fernanda Gazoni ◽  
Susana M. Tente ◽  
Vanessa Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Serum T4 ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Type 3

For T3 to mediate its biological effects, the prohormone T4 must be activated by removal of an outer-ring iodine by the type 1 or 2 deiodinases (D1 and D2) with approximately 60% of the daily T3 production in rodents being produced extrathyroidally through this pathway. To further define the role of these enzymes in thyroid hormone homeostasis, we backcrossed the targeted disruption of the Dio2 gene into C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice with genetically low D1 expression to create the C3H-D2KO mouse. Remarkably, these mice maintain euthyroid serum T3 levels with normal growth and no decrease in expression of hepatic T3-responsive genes. However, serum T4 is increased 1.2-fold relative to the already elevated C3H levels, and serum TSH is increased 1.4-fold. Despite these increases, thyroidal 125I uptake indicates no difference in thyroidal activity between C3H-D2KO and C3H mice. Although C3H-D2KO hepatic and renal D1 activities were well below those observed in wild-type mice (∼0.1-fold for both), they were 8-fold and 2-fold higher, respectively, relative to C3H mice. Thyroidal D1 and cerebral cortical type 3 deiodinase activity were unchanged between C3H-D2KO and C3H mice. In conclusion, C3H-D2KO mice have notably elevated serum T4 levels, and this, in conjunction with residual D1 activity, is likely an important role in the maintenance of euthyroid serum T3 concentrations.

scholarly journals Study of troponin, creatine kinase biomarkers, and histopathological lesions in experimental Nerium oleander toxicity in rats and mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monireh Khordadmehr ◽  
Saeed Nazifi
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Lesions ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIntroductionNerium oleander is a plant of the Apocynaceae family toxic to humans, animals, and insects. This study was performed to determine the cardiac and neurotoxicity of the plant extract by oral administration in Wistar rats and Balb/c mice and to compare the susceptibility of these animal models to oleander toxicity.Material and MethodsFour groups of eight mice and eight rats received N. oleander extract orally while a fifth group was the control. Serum concentrations of the biochemical toxicity indicators, namely troponin and creatine kinase (CK), were determined and histopathological evaluation of the heart and brain was performed.ResultsIn mice, CK and troponin concentrations were respectively 1.5 and 7 times higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), while in rats, they were 6–7 and 11 times higher. Hyperaemia, haemorrhage, and myofibrolysis, without infiltration of inflammatory cells, were observed in the heart. In the brain the authors observed hyperaemia associated with perivascular and perineuronal oedema, and in higher-dosed rats multifocal haemorrhagic and liquefactive necrotic lesions.ConclusionOleander can affect serum levels of CK and troponin due to nervous and cardiac injuries. Rats showed more severe changes in the biochemical indicators and histopathological lesions than mice. Therefore, biochemical and pathological findings indicate that Wistar rats are more susceptible to the cardiac toxicity and neurotoxicity effects of N. oleander poisoning than Balb/c mice.

scholarly journals Non-invasive ECG recording and QT interval correction assessment in anesthetized rats and mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana F.M. Botelho ◽  
Julliane V. Joviano-Santos ◽  
Artur Santos-Miranda ◽  
José E.R. Menezes-Filho ◽  
Benito Soto-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

ABSTRACT: Rats and mice are the most common species used in experimental cardiac electrophysiology studies. Electrocardiogram (ECG) recording shows paramount importance for monitoring arrhythmias and cardiac function in several disease models, including QT syndrome. However, the lack of standardized reference values and QT correction formula for different animal species and lineages represent a challenge for ECG interpretation. The aim of this study is to provide an improved method for ECG recording, establishing reference range values and determine the QT formulas with higher correlation to heart rate (HR). A total of 10 Wistar rats, 10 Swiss mice, 10 C57BL/6 mice and 10 FVB/NJ mice were used in the study. Animals were submitted to anesthesia with isoflurane and ECG recording was performed using a six-channel non-invasive electrocardiograph. QT was corrected using the following formulas: Bazzett, Fridericia, Mitchell, Hodges, Van der Water and Framingham. Normal range values for ECG parameters were established in all animals studied. Pearsons’ correlation defined Hodges formula as the most suitable for QT correction. This study demonstrated an improved method of ECG recording with reference values for Swiss, FVB/NJ, C57BL/6 mice, and Wistar rats. Hodges’ formula was the most effective formula for QT correction in rodents, whereas Bazett’s and Friderica formulas were ineffective for such animals. The present work contributes to arrhythmias investigation in experimental cardiology and may reduce misinterpretations in rodents’ ECG.

scholarly journals On the relative sizes of the organs of rats and mice bearing malignant new growths

1910 ◽  
Vol 82 (555) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Reasonable Expectation ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Detailed Work ◽  
Tumour Weight

The object of the present investigation has been to determine the effects of the growth of tumours on the weight of the principal organs of the body. The fundamental conception on which the work is based is that the weights of the different organs of normal animals bear a relatively constant ratio to the total weight of the body. Such investigations are capable of throwing light on many debatable points of cancer metabolism, and give important indications of promising directions for future more detailed work. The previous investigations of workers in the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (Cramer, Haaland, Murray), and recently by Moreschi, in Ehrlich's Institute, have dealt with this subject from the standpoint of the ratio of tumour-weight and the influence of the former on the latter and on the normal growth of the body. In the present investigation a closer analysis of the factors is attempted, in reasonable expectation that under the influence of the physical and chemical changes taking place in the bodies of animals bearing tumours, definite aberrations from the normal relations may be produced. From a consideration of these aberrations it may be possible to infer the nature of these changes.

scholarly journals An improved simple technique for the collection of blood samples from rats and mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Conybeare ◽  
G. B. Leslie ◽  
K. Angles ◽  
R. J. Barrett ◽  
J. S. H. Luke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The technique of blood collection from the lateral caudal vein has been improved. The method requires only moderate skill and no anaesthesia is necessary. Collection of blood samples causes little trauma and can be repeated at frequent (8 h) intervals thus making the method particularly suitable for pharmacokinetic and hormonal studies. Blood samples are uncontaminated by tissue fluids. Large volumes can be obtained, in mice up to 1·5 ml and in Wistar rats over 4 ml.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the metabolism of urethane and N-hydroxyurethane in rodents

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nery
Keyword(s):  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Lung Homogenate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphate ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Hybrid Mice ◽  
Lethal Doses

1. Urethane and N-hydroxyurethane are interconvertible in C− and C57 mice. 2. In newborn C57/DBA hybrid mice, prior treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene or urethane stimulated the N-hydroxylation of urethane; SKF 525A inhibited the N-hydroxylation at 24hr. but stimulated it at 48hr. after administration. 3. Liver homogenates of CBA and C3H mice, and of Chester Beatty and hooded rats, but not whole-body homogenates of 1-day-old C57/DBA mice or lung homogenate of 3-week-old Chester Beatty rats, metabolized urethane into N-hydroxyurethane in small but definite amounts. 4. Nitrite was detected in the bodies of newborn C57/DBA hybrid mice treated with lethal doses of urethane or N-hydroxyurethane; nitrite formation from N-hydroxyurethane was stimulated by pretreatment of the animals with 3-methylcholanthrene. 5. The rate of catabolism of N-hydroxyurethane by C57/DBA mice was faster in 8-day-old than in 1-day-old animals of the same sex, and faster in females than in males of the same age. 6. Liver slices of several species of rats and mice catabolized N-hydroxyurethane at rates that varied with the age and sex of animals of the same species; liver homogenates or microsomes were less effective than slices from the same liver. 7. The enzyme activity was destroyed by boiling or freezing the liver; it was inhibited by increasing substrate concentration and by urethane, n-butyl carbamate, cyanide, p-benzoquinone or 2,4-dinitrophenol, but not by p-chloromercuribenzoate or menadione. 8. The catabolism of N-hydroxyurethane by liver slices from adult H-strain rats was not oxygen-dependent. 9. Lung homogenates of 4-week-old female Chester Beatty rats catabolized N-hydroxyurethane at 40% of the rate of liver slices from the same source. 10. O-Acetyl- and O-ethoxycarbonyl-N-hydroxyurethane were rapidly deacylated by liver homogenates from adult hooded rats and adult C57 mice, and by human erythrocytes. 11. N-Hydroxyurethane reacted rapidly with pyridoxal phosphate at pH7·4 and 37°. 12. The rate of decomposition of N-hydroxyurethane in 0·1 n-sodium hydroxide was increased by Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ and [Fe(CN)6]3− and decreased by Cr2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+. 13. Attempts to synthesize sulphonates of N-hydroxyurethane gave ethyl hydrogen sulphate, probably via rearrangement of the unstable O-sulphonate.

scholarly journals Analgesic, pro and anti-inflammatory activities of Desplatsia dewevrei; Cytokine gene expression using Wistar rats and mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Oghale Ovuakporie Uvo ◽  
◽  
MacDonald Idu ◽  
Philip Obarisiagbon ◽  
Callistus Abode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pain Test ◽  
Rats And Mice

Objective: Painkilling potential of Desplatsia dewevrei methanol leaf extract was examined using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests. Materials & Methods: Acute anti-inflammatory effect was studied using xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan induced paw edema models. Gene expression using RT-PCR method was used to query TNF-α, resistin and adiponectin in Wistar rats after a 3-day administration of Desplatsia dewevrei. Results: Desplatsia dewevrei extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of writhes in mice at 30 mg/kg when compared to the control and Aspirin. In the hot plate induced pain test, 10 mg/kg of extract triggered comparable analgesic effect as morphine up to 2 hrs after drug administration. There was significant decrease (p<0.05) in xylene-induced ear oedema at 10 and 30 mg/kg doses of the extract with 80% and 30% when compared to control and dexamethasone. For Carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats, 30 mg/kg elicited equal effect as indomethacin at 10 mg/kg respectively. The downward regulation/expression of TNF-α, resistin and adiponectin in contrast with control and the expression of beta-actin further indicates that Desplatsia dewevrei has both pro and anti-inflammatory activities. Conclusion: Desplatsia dewevrei methanol leaf extract is anti-inflammatory and elicits both peripherally and centrally analgesic effect

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