scholarly journals Current approaches and advances in the imaging of stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragati Kakkar ◽  
Tarun Kakkar ◽  
Tufail Patankar ◽  
Sikha Saha
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques ◽  
Vascular Region

ABSTRACT A stroke occurs when the blood flow to the brain is suddenly interrupted, depriving brain cells of oxygen and glucose and leading to further cell death. Neuroimaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have greatly improved our ability to visualise brain structures and are routinely used to diagnose the affected vascular region of a stroke patient's brain and to inform decisions about clinical care. Currently, these multimodal imaging techniques are the backbone of the clinical management of stroke patients and have immensely improved our ability to visualise brain structures. Here, we review recent developments in the field of neuroimaging and discuss how different imaging techniques are used in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of stroke.

MARKERS OF NEUROVISULATION IN MIGRAINE DIAGNOSTICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
M. P. Ostashko ◽  
T. I. Nasonova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

In clinical medicine, the diagnosis of migraine is based on anamnesis and symptoms, and instrumental diagnostic methods are considered non-informative. Numerous studies of the brain, during headaches and between them, have made a significant contribution to understanding the pathophysiology of migraines. Structural and functional changes in the migraine brain are revealed by advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques, and attempts to detect the visualization markers of this disease progressively increase. This overview article aims to summarize the results of recent studies that reflect achievements in understanding the pathophysiology of migraine, as well as the possibility of using neuroimaging techniques in diagnosing migraines.

MARKERS OF NEUROVISULATION IN MIGRAINE DIAGNOSTICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
M. P. Ostashko ◽  
T. I. Nasonova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

In clinical medicine, the diagnosis of migraine is based on anamnesis and symptoms, and instrumental diagnostic methods are considered non-informative. Numerous studies of the brain, during headaches and between them, have made a significant contribution to understanding the pathophysiology of migraines. Structural and functional changes in the migraine brain are revealed by advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques, and attempts to detect the visualization markers of this disease progressively increase. This overview article aims to summarize the results of recent studies that reflect achievements in understanding the pathophysiology of migraine, as well as the possibility of using neuroimaging techniques in diagnosing migraines.

Multimodal Imaging in Psychiatry: The Electroencephalogram as a Complement to Other Modalities

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Dean F. Salisbury ◽  
Brian F. O'Donnell ◽  
Paul G. Nestor ◽  
Martha E. Shenton ◽  
Robert W. McCarley
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTThe use of different imaging modalities provides the clinician and researcher with different views of anatomy and physiology at unprecedented levels of detail. Multimodal imaging allows for noninvasive measurement of structure and function in humans during complex behavior, and thus provides information about the inner workings of the brain previously unavailable. The present paper examines the various imaging techniques available, and describes their application to the clinic—in the case of epilepsy—and to research—in the case of schizophrenia. Because the electroen-cephalogram has a dynamic response in milliseconds, it provides the best temporal sensitivity of functional measures of brain activity. When coupled with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging measures of brain structure, this multimodal approach provides a powerful tool for understanding brain activity. Clinically, the use of multimodal imaging has provided greater precision in localization of the epileptogenic focus. For researchers attempting to determine the underlying causes of schizophrenia, the use of multimodal imaging has helped lead the field away from a specific lesion view to a more distributed system abnormality view of this disorder.

scholarly journals Understanding Mental Health and Cognitive Restructuring With Ecological Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Crum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological methods have contributed much toward an understanding of the information processing systems of the human brain in the last few decades, but to what extent do cognitive neuroscientific findings represent and generalize to the inter- and intra-brain dynamics engaged in adapting to naturalistic situations? If it is not marked, and experimental designs lack ecological validity, then this stands to potentially impact the practical applications of a paradigm. In no other domain is this more important to acknowledge than in human clinical neuroimaging research, wherein reduced ecological validity could mean a loss in clinical utility. One way to improve the generalizability and representativeness of findings is to adopt a more “real-world” approach to the development and selection of experimental designs and neuroimaging techniques to investigate the clinically-relevant phenomena of interest. For example, some relatively recent developments to neuroimaging techniques such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) make it possible to create experimental designs using naturalistic tasks that would otherwise not be possible within the confines of a conventional laboratory. Mental health, cognitive interventions, and the present challenges to investigating the brain during treatment are discussed, as well as how the ecological use of fNIRS might be helpful in bridging the explanatory gaps to understanding the cultivation of mental health.

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging processing techniques in stroke studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golrokh Mirzaei ◽  
Hojjat Adeli
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn recent years, there has been considerable research interest in the study of brain connectivity using the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). Studies have explored the brain networks and connection between different brain regions. These studies have revealed interesting new findings about the brain mapping as well as important new insights in the overall organization of functional communication in the brain network. In this paper, after a general discussion of brain networks and connectivity imaging, the brain connectivity and resting state networks are described with a focus on rsfMRI imaging in stroke studies. Then, techniques for preprocessing of the rsfMRI for stroke patients are reviewed, followed by brain connectivity processing techniques. Recent research on brain connectivity using rsfMRI is reviewed with an emphasis on stroke studies. The authors hope this paper generates further interest in this emerging area of computational neuroscience with potential applications in rehabilitation of stroke patients.

scholarly journals Neurodegeneration in Schizophrenia: Evidence fromIn VivoNeuroimaging Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Csernansky
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Although schizophrenia is primarily considered to be a neurodevelopmental disorder, there is a growing consensus that the disorder may also involve neurodegeneration. Recent research using non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, suggests that some patients with schizophrenia show progressive losses of gray matter in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. The cellular mechanisms responsible for such gray matter losses are unknown, but have been hypothesized to involve abnormal increases in apoptosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging comes of age

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Razavi ◽  
Edward Baker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques ◽  
Made In

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE heart started in the 1970's, over the subsequent 25 years, enormous advances have been made in both the hardware and software of magnetic resonance imaging machines so that we can now obtain fast, detailed and accurate images of the heart and great vessels. In chronological terms, therefore, we can say that cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has come of age. In this article we will highlight some of the clinical applications of different magnetic resonance imaging techniques, as well as some recent developments. We will demonstrate that, in clinical investigation of congenital heart disease, magnetic resonance imaging has truly come of age.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical phenotyping of the mouse brain with three-dimensional autofluorescence imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (15) ◽  
pp. 778-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Gleave ◽  
Michael D. Wong ◽  
Jun Dazai ◽  
Maliha Altaf ◽  
R. Mark Henkelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging ◽  
The Brain

The structural organization of the brain is important for normal brain function and is critical to understand in order to evaluate changes that occur during disease processes. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the mouse brain is necessary to appreciate the spatial context of structures within the brain. In addition, the small scale of many brain structures necessitates resolution at the ∼10 μm scale. 3D optical imaging techniques, such as optical projection tomography (OPT), have the ability to image intact large specimens (1 cm3) with ∼5 μm resolution. In this work we assessed the potential of autofluorescence optical imaging methods, and specifically OPT, for phenotyping the mouse brain. We found that both specimen size and fixation methods affected the quality of the OPT image. Based on these findings we developed a specimen preparation method to improve the images. Using this method we assessed the potential of optical imaging for phenotyping. Phenotypic differences between wild-type male and female mice were quantified using computer-automated methods. We found that optical imaging of the endogenous autofluorescence in the mouse brain allows for 3D characterization of neuroanatomy and detailed analysis of brain phenotypes. This will be a powerful tool for understanding mouse models of disease and development and is a technology that fits easily within the workflow of biology and neuroscience labs.

scholarly journals Features of neuroimaging data in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia on the background of angina pectoris

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
N. Inhula
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Acute Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

In the article the features of bioelectric activity and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) are exposed on the background of stable angina of the voltage ІІ and ІІІ ФК. 90 subjects (61 men and 29 women) (mean age 60.6 ± 7.8 years) were examined in the main group and 30 persons (10 men and 20 women) (mean age 55.2.6 ± 5.5 years) control group aged 45 to 74 years. The analysis of data of the conducted complex neuroimaging examination of patients with ССI on the background of stable angina was collected and provided. Based on the data obtained using neuroimaging techniques, it has been established that in patients with CCI, against the background of stable angina, the course of the disease is associated with the risk of development of the acute cerebrovascular accident.

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