Electroforming and Mechanical Properties of Iron-Nickel Alloy Foil

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. F. Lai ◽  
J. A. McGeough
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Iron Foil ◽  
Alloy Foil ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Current Densities

A method of electroforming smooth, bright, iron-nickel alloy foil, of thickness about 0.1 mm, is developed. The electrolyte, mainly a solution of ferrous chloride and nickel chloride, is operated at a temperature of 95 °C, and at current densities of between 5 and 20 A/dm2. Below that temperature, and at current densities greater than 20 A/dm2, the foil becomes cracked. The amount of nickel co-deposited in the alloy can be increased up to a limit of 6.24 per cent, by reducing the current density and/or increasing the concentration of nickel chloride in the electrolyte. As the nickel content of the foil rises, the material suffers increasingly from hydrogen embrittlement. The main mechanical properties of the alloy foil are more affected by hydrogen embrittlement, the amount of which is influenced by current density and the concentration of nickel chloride, than by changes in grain size. This behaviour is in contrast with that of electroformed iron foil, for which the mechanical properties are largely controlled by the influence of the current density and electrolyte temperature upon its grain size. However, when the other process conditions are held constant, the mechanical properties of the alloy foil behave like the iron foil in decreasing with increasing foil thickness, owing to increases in average grain size.

Some Effects of Heat-Treatment upon the Mechanical Properties of Electroformed Iron-Nickel Alloy Foil

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. F. Lai ◽  
J. A. McGeough
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Alloy Foil ◽  
Iron Nickel

Contributions intended for publication as Research Notes should preferably be limited in length to 1000 words and two illustrations, and should be addressed to the Manuscript Section, The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, I Birdcage Walk, Westminster, London SW1H 9JJ The problem of hydrogen embrittlement, which adversely affects the quality and mechanical properties of electroformed iron-nickel alloy foil, is considered. Heat-treatment, such as annealing, can reduce these effects of hydrogen embrittlement. The electroformed metal can also be converted to alloy steel by carburizing; and by other heat-treatments, such as hardening and tempering, a range of mechanical properties for the foil can be achieved.

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ADSORBATES ON PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODEPOSITED NANOCRYSTALLINE Fe–Ni ALLOYS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SANATY-ZADEH ◽  
K. RAEISSI ◽  
A. SAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Cathode Surface ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
Deposition Current Density

Iron–Nickel nanocrystalline alloys were electrodeposited from a simple chloride bath using different current densities. The composition and grain size of deposited alloys were in the range of 29–42% Ni and 8–11 nm, respectively. The alloy deposited at lower current density showed higher microhardness, which is most probably due to its higher Fe content and lower grain size. EIS measurements showed that the iron hydroxide species can be formed and adsorbed onto the cathode surface during the deposition. Such species showed an inhibitive effect not only on Ni ion reduction but also on grain growth. By increasing the deposition current density, the adsorption tendency of iron hydroxide was reduced which caused an increase in grain size and Ni percentage of the alloy produced.

The Mechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Iron Foil

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. F. Lai ◽  
J. A. McGeough
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Iron Foil ◽  
Electrolyte Temperature ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
Current Densities

Iron foil, ranging in thickness from 0.05 to 0.16 mm, has been prepared by electrodeposition with an electrolyte solution composed mainly of ferrous chloride. Bright, smooth foil is obtained for current densities of 10 to 30 A/dm2, provided that the electrolyte temperature is above 85°C. Techniques developed to measure the mechanical properties of such a thin material are discussed. Unlike conventionally produced foil, the values of the main mechanical properties of the electrodeposited material, e.g. tensile strength and hardness, increase with decreasing thickness. The properties can also be affected by the main process variables: for instance, the lower the electrolyte temperature, the higher is the tensile strength. These effects are explained in terms of changes in grain size of the foil which are largely influenced by the process variables.

Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Ni-Fe Alloy Foils

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Ren ◽  
L. Guo ◽  
Z. C. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Structure Defects ◽  
Alloy Foil ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Average Grain Size

AbstractThe plasticity, elastic modulus and thermal stability restrict the applications of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-Fe alloy foils. To improve its mechanical properties, the electrodeposited Ni-Fe alloy foils were heat treated within the temperature 900–1,150 °C. The microstructure and texture of the samples were further analyzed with a combination of SEM, XRD and EBSD. The experimental results indicated that the electrodeposited Ni-Fe alloy foil had poor mechanical properties at about 1,000 °C, which was mainly attributed to the development of a mixed grain microstructure. At 900–950 °C, the plastic and elastic modulus were greatly improved, which were owed to the uniformed microstructure and the decrease of structure defects. At 1,050–1,150 °C, the degree of the mixed grain microstructure decreased, resulting in improved plasticity and higher elastic modulus. However, the strength of the foil obviously decreased, which was mainly associated with the increase of the average grain size.

Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of Electroformed Nanocrystalline Ni-Mn Alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 375-376 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Jian Ming Yang ◽  
Di Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Average Current Density ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deposition Current Density

In this paper, the measurements of microhardness and tensile properties are performed to the electroformed Ni-Mn alloys which the mean grain size is near to or less than 100nm. It is studied that the effect of average deposition current density on microhardness and tensile properties of the alloys and the effect of post-electroforming annealing on microhardness of the alloys. The results show that with the increment of average current density, microhardness and strength of the alloys increase and elongation decreases because of the increment of Mn content and the decrement of grain size of the alloys. Microhardness of the alloys are slightly improved after annealing.

scholarly journals Fe-Ni ALLOY ELECTRODEPOSITION FROM SIMPLE AND COMPLEX TYPE SULFATE ELECTROLYTES CONTAINING Ni/Fe RATIO OF 1 AND 12

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moniruzzaman ◽  
K.M. Shorowordi ◽  
A. Azam ◽  
M.F.N. Taufique
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Alloy Electrodeposition ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Density Results

Iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) alloy electrodeposition has been conducted from simple and complex baths having Ni/Fe ratio of 1 and 12. The applied current density varies from 30 to 100 mA/cm2. The coating composition, morphology and microhardness are measured and characterized by SEM/EDX and Shimadzu microhardness tester. The percentage of Ni in the coating increases with increasing current density and the Ni/Fe ratio of electrolytes which is supported by the alloy deposition principle. Fine grained and smooth coating without microcracking is obtained from the complex baths. Complexing agents are supposed to reduce the deposit stress developed during electrodeposition. Increase in Ni/Fe ratio in the bath as well as current density results in decreasing grain size of the deposits. High current density is believed to give rise to a high degree of adatoms at the electrode surface and high degree of adatoms decreases the grain size. Microhardness of the coating increases with the increase of bath Ni/Fe ratio as well as current density of electrodeposition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v44i1.19498

The Correlation of Texture and Microstructure to the Corrosion Resistance of Tin Coatings

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1413-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixue Wen ◽  
Jerzy A. Szpunar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Fibre Texture ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Tin Deposits ◽  
Current Densities

The influence of current density and temperature on the macrotexture, the orientation and size of grains, and the corrosion resistance of tin deposits was studied. Tin coatings with two different textures, (100) and (301) fiber textures were produced by electrodeposition at 20°C by varying current density. At a lower current density of 100A/m2, (301) fibre was obtained. At the current densities of 100 and up to 400 A/m2, only (100) fibre texture was observed. An increase in current density leads to a decrease in grain size. At the same current density, the grain size of tin coatings increases with increased temperature. The influence of temperature (20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) on texture is relatively negligible. The corrosion resistance of tin coatings increases with a decrease in grain size. The corrosion resistance of tin coating with (301) fibre is higher than that of tin coating with (100) fibre texture. The results suggest that texture and microstructure play an important role in controlling corrosion rate of tin based coatings.

The hardness and Young's modulus of bulk YBa2Cu3O7−x (1:2:3) and YBa2Cu4O8 (1:2:4) as determined by ultra low load indentation

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2519-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Lucas ◽  
W.C. Oliver ◽  
R.K. Williams ◽  
J. Brynestad ◽  
M.E. O'Hern
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Thermal Expansion Data ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Bulk Superconductors ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Critical Grain Size

Using a highly-spatially-resolved mechanical properties microprobe, the Young's modulus and hardness of bulk YBa2Cu3O7−x (1:2:3) and YBa2Cu4O8 (1:2:4) have been determined. The Young's modulus of a superconductor is an important parameter in determining critical grain sizes above which microcracking will occur due to anisotropic thermal stresses that arise during processing. This phenomenon of microcracking has been determined to cause a decrease in the attainable critical current densities in bulk superconductors. The mechanical properties data for these two materials show that the Young's modulus of 1:2:3 is approximately 35% greater than the modulus of 1:2:4. This along with available anisotropic thermal expansion data for 1:2:3 and 1:2:4 suggests that the critical grain size for 1:2:4 is about 7 times greater than the critical grain size for microcracking in 1:2:3.

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