The Correlation of Texture and Microstructure to the Corrosion Resistance of Tin Coatings

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1413-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixue Wen ◽  
Jerzy A. Szpunar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Fibre Texture ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Tin Deposits ◽  
Current Densities

The influence of current density and temperature on the macrotexture, the orientation and size of grains, and the corrosion resistance of tin deposits was studied. Tin coatings with two different textures, (100) and (301) fiber textures were produced by electrodeposition at 20°C by varying current density. At a lower current density of 100A/m2, (301) fibre was obtained. At the current densities of 100 and up to 400 A/m2, only (100) fibre texture was observed. An increase in current density leads to a decrease in grain size. At the same current density, the grain size of tin coatings increases with increased temperature. The influence of temperature (20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) on texture is relatively negligible. The corrosion resistance of tin coatings increases with a decrease in grain size. The corrosion resistance of tin coating with (301) fibre is higher than that of tin coating with (100) fibre texture. The results suggest that texture and microstructure play an important role in controlling corrosion rate of tin based coatings.

Corrosion Resistance of High-Alloyed Material UNS N08028 in Sodium Chloride Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Li Na Zhang ◽  
Jerzy A. Szpunar ◽  
Jian Xin Dong ◽  
Mai Cang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Decreasing Ph

The influence of ions chloride concentration and pH value on the corrosion resistance of high-alloyed material UNS N08028 in the sodium chloride solution is investigated. Results show that the corrosion potential is active cathodically with the increase of chloride concentration. The current density and corrosion rate both increase with increasing chloride concentration and decreasing pH value.

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ADSORBATES ON PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODEPOSITED NANOCRYSTALLINE Fe–Ni ALLOYS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SANATY-ZADEH ◽  
K. RAEISSI ◽  
A. SAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Cathode Surface ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
Deposition Current Density

Iron–Nickel nanocrystalline alloys were electrodeposited from a simple chloride bath using different current densities. The composition and grain size of deposited alloys were in the range of 29–42% Ni and 8–11 nm, respectively. The alloy deposited at lower current density showed higher microhardness, which is most probably due to its higher Fe content and lower grain size. EIS measurements showed that the iron hydroxide species can be formed and adsorbed onto the cathode surface during the deposition. Such species showed an inhibitive effect not only on Ni ion reduction but also on grain growth. By increasing the deposition current density, the adsorption tendency of iron hydroxide was reduced which caused an increase in grain size and Ni percentage of the alloy produced.

TiN Protective Coating on NdFeB by DC Magnetron Sputtering

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 1130-1133
Author(s):  
Jin Long Li ◽  
Shou Dong Mao ◽  
Zhen Lun Song ◽  
Qun Ji Xue
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Nitrogen Pressure ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Nitrogen Partial Pressure ◽  
Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Tin Coatings

TiN protective coating was prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering to improve the corrosion resistance and scratch resistance of the magnetic. During deposition, the nitrogen/argon mixture gas was introduced into the chamber with the nitrogen partial pressure at 20 % and 10 % and the bias of 200 V was applied to subtract, respectively. At a lower nitrogen partial pressure of 10%, TiN coating was composed of many particles with an irregular shape. With increasing the nitrogen pressure to 20%, composing particles become small and show as the regular trihedron shape. All TiN coatings have a cubic structure. The bias makes the depositing TiN coating denser and preferential growth become no obvious. By the nitrogen partial pressure of 20 % and bias of 200 V, the dense TiN coating has best corrosion resistance and excellent wear resistance.

Effect of Negative Bias Voltage on Corrosion Resistance of TiN Coating Deposited by MAIP

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1898-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Cheng Lei Wang ◽  
Zhi Kang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Electrochemical Measurement ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Substrate Bias ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Negative Bias Voltage ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Tin Film

In this study, TiN coatings were deposited on 201 stainless steel by multi-arc ion plating (MAIP). The effect of negative bias voltage on the surface microstructure, hardness, phase structure and the corrosion resistance of the coatings were investigated by SEM, hardness instrument, XRD and electrochemical measurement. The number and size of droplets decreased when the negative bias voltage increased from -100 V to -300 V. But when the substrate bias increased to a certain value, there were some pits appeared. The hardness increased at first and decreased later with the increasing of the negative bias voltage. When the negative bias voltage was -200 V, the hardness was the highest. The intrinsic hardness of TiN film was 2195HV. In 3.5% NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of TiN coatings samples were improved slightly compared with 201 stainless steel. In l mol/L H2SO4 solution, the corrosion resistance of -100V sample was the best, the corrosion resistance of -100V coating sample was increased 486 times compared with untreated 201 stainless steel.

Study on Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior Comparison between DLC and TiN Coatings under Different Corrosive Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1977-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Chao Yin Nie ◽  
Chun Hua Ran ◽  
Yi Dong Jin ◽  
Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
304 Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) and TiN coatings were deposited on the 304 austenitic stainless steel(SUS304) substrates by using unbalanced magnetron sputtering and arc ion plating techniques, respectively. The phase structure and surface morphology of coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD.The electrochemical corrosion of two coatings in different electrochemical solutions (including3.5%NaCl,10%HCl,20%NaOH) were investigated by electrochemical workstation.The result showed that DLC coating was amorphous structure and TiN coating was nano-crystalline structure.The surface of DLC coating was smooth and dense,while TiN coating existed pits.In 10%HCl and 3.5%NaCl solutions,the corrosion resistance of DLC coating increased by 4.16 and 10.9 times compared with SUS304 and increased by 5.16 and 1.11 times compared with TiN coating,respectively.But in 20%NaOH solution, the corrosion resistance of DLC was not superior to SUS304 and TiN coating.In 10%HCl solution,the corrosion resistance of TiN coating increased by 9.81 times compared with 304 SUS304.But in 3.5%NaCl and 20%NaOH solutions,the corrosion resistance of TiN coating was worse than SUS304.

scholarly journals Studies on Nanocrystalline TiN Coatings Prepared by Reactive Plasma Spraying

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Yanchun ◽  
Yan Dianran ◽  
He Jining ◽  
Zhang Jianxin ◽  
Xiao Lisong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Reactive Plasma Spraying ◽  
Reactive Plasma ◽  
M2 High Speed Steel

Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings with nanostructure were prepared on the surface of 45 steel (Fe-0.45%C) via reactive plasma spraying (denoted as RPS) Ti powders using spraying gun with self-made reactive chamber. The microstructural characterization, phases constitute, grain size, microhardness, and wear resistance of TiN coatings were systematically investigated. The grain size was obtained through calculation using the Scherrer formula and observed by TEM. The results of X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction indicated that the TiN is main phase of the TiN coating. The forming mechanism of the nano-TiN was characterized by analyzing the SEM morphologies of surface of TiN coating and TiN drops sprayed on the surface of glass, and observing the temperature and velocity of plasma jet using Spray Watch. The tribological properties of the coating under nonlubricated condition were tested and compared with those of the AISI M2 high-speed steel andAl2O3coating. The results have shown that the RPS TiN coating presents better wear resistance than the M2 high-speed steel andAl2O3coating under nonlubricated condition. The microhardness of the cross-section and longitudinal section of the TiN coating was tested. The highest hardness of the cross-section of TiN coating is 1735.43HV100 g.

Effect of Current Density on Morphology and Corrosion Resistance of Anodized Coating on SiCp/2024 Al Composite

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Lin He ◽  
Qing Kui Cai
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Surface Cracks ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
Oxide Substrate ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Sic Particle

The effects of current densities on the morphology and corrosion resistance of anodized coating formed on a SiCp/2024 Al metal matrix composite (MMC) in sulfuric acid solution were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and polarization curve. The results showed that the surface of the coating was not flat, and cracks existed when the current density increased to 20mA/cm2. The SiC particles could be oxidized during anodizing of the MMC. And the SiC particle anodized at a significantly reduced rate compared with the adjacent Al matrix. This gave rise to alumina film encroachment beneath the particle and occlusion of the partly anodized particle in the coating. As a consequence, the oxide/substrate interface became locally scalloped, and the anodized coating was non-uniform in thickness. Further, oxidation of SiC appeared to be associated with gas-filled cavities in the coating material. The size of cavities above the SiC particles increased obviously and the surface cracks developed when the current density increased. This shows that the anodized coating formed at higher current density has a structural feature with lower corrosion resistance. The polarization results indicated that the corrosion resistance of the coating decreases when the current density increases.

Electroforming and Mechanical Properties of Iron-Nickel Alloy Foil

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. F. Lai ◽  
J. A. McGeough
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Iron Foil ◽  
Alloy Foil ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Current Densities

A method of electroforming smooth, bright, iron-nickel alloy foil, of thickness about 0.1 mm, is developed. The electrolyte, mainly a solution of ferrous chloride and nickel chloride, is operated at a temperature of 95 °C, and at current densities of between 5 and 20 A/dm2. Below that temperature, and at current densities greater than 20 A/dm2, the foil becomes cracked. The amount of nickel co-deposited in the alloy can be increased up to a limit of 6.24 per cent, by reducing the current density and/or increasing the concentration of nickel chloride in the electrolyte. As the nickel content of the foil rises, the material suffers increasingly from hydrogen embrittlement. The main mechanical properties of the alloy foil are more affected by hydrogen embrittlement, the amount of which is influenced by current density and the concentration of nickel chloride, than by changes in grain size. This behaviour is in contrast with that of electroformed iron foil, for which the mechanical properties are largely controlled by the influence of the current density and electrolyte temperature upon its grain size. However, when the other process conditions are held constant, the mechanical properties of the alloy foil behave like the iron foil in decreasing with increasing foil thickness, owing to increases in average grain size.

scholarly journals Effect of the Current Density in the Electrical Resistance Sintering Technique to Fabricate a β-Ti-Nb-Sn Ternary Alloy for the Biomedical Sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Rossi ◽  
Montserrat Vicenta Haro Rodríguez ◽  
Angel Vicente Escuder ◽  
Eber de Santi Gouvêa ◽  
Margarida Juri Saeki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Electrical Current Density

Abstract The electrical resistance sintering is a fast method to fabricate metallic samples in the field of metallurgy and it was used to obtain the Ti-Nb-Sn alloy to be applied as biomaterial, variyng different electrical current densities (11, 12 and 13 kA). The powders were obtained by mechanical alloying, then they were compacted at pressure of 193 MPa during 700 ms. The structure and microstructure of the powders and the samples was evaluated by x-ray diffraction, by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction. The mechanical properties were evaluated by microhardness assay and corrosion resistance was made in Ringer Hartmann’s solution at 37ºC. The samples are formed by α, α” and phase β. The % of phase β in the samples obtained at 11, 12 and 13 kA was 96.56, 98.12 and 98.02 respectively. The peripheral zone present more presence of microporosity than the central zone. The microstructure is also formed by bcc-β grains equiaxial, and the samples obtained at 12 kA present better homogeneity of the microstructure. The grain size increased with the increase of the electrical current density. The microhardness are in the range of 389-418 HV and decreased with the increase of electrical current density. Corrosion tests proved excellent corrosion resistance of the alloys (0.24-0.45 µA/cm2). The standard deviation of kinetic parameters of the samples at 11 and 13 kA were very higher, related to the lack of homogeneity of the microstructure.

Corrosion investigation of Co–Ni–Fe-coated mild steel electrodeposited at different current densities and deposition times

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Hyie Koay ◽  
Mohd Adham Akmal Tukiran ◽  
Siti Nur Amalina Mohd Halidi ◽  
Mardziah Che Murad ◽  
Zuraidah Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Processing Parameter ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of current density on the surface roughness and corrosion performance of electrodeposited Co–Ni–Fe-coated mild steel. Process variables are the key factor in controlling the electrodeposition process. It is important to study the processing parameter to optimize the mechanical and corrosion resistance performance of the coating substrate. Design/methodology/approach A low-cost electrodeposition method was used to the synthesize Co–Ni–Fe coating on the mild steel substrate. In the electrodeposition, electrochemistry concept was applied. The temperature of the process was controlled at 50 ± 5°C in an acidic environment. The influence of current density (11, 22 and 33 mA/cm2) and deposition time (15, 20 and 30 min) toward the surface roughness, hardness and corrosion rate was investigated. Findings The increases of time deposition and current density have improved the microhardness and corrosion resistance of Co–Ni–Fe-coated mild steel. The Co–Ni–Fe nanoparticles deposited at 30 min and current density of 33 mA/cm2 experienced the smallest surface roughness value (Ra). The same sample also obtained the highest Vickers microhardness of 122.6 HV and the lowest corrosion rate. This may be due to the homogenous and complete protection coating performed on the mild steel. Practical implications The findings from the study are important for future application of Co–Ni–Fe on the mild steel parts such as fasteners, car body panels, metal chains, wire ropes, engine parts, bicycle rims, nails and screws and various outdoor uses. The improvement of corrosion resistance using optimum electrodeposition parameters is essential for these applications to prolong the life span of the parts. Originality/value A new process which pertains to fabrication of Co–Ni–Fe as a protective coating on mild steel was proposed. The Co–Ni–Fe coating can enhance the corrosion protection and thus prolong the lifespan of the mild steel parts.

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