Evaluation of a Cyclone-Based Particulate Filtration System for High-Speed Diesel Engines

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Arcoumanis ◽  
L N Barbaris ◽  
R I Crane ◽  
P Wisby
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mass Flowrate ◽  
Particulate Filtration

A cyclone-based filtration system has been developed and its potential for reduction of exhaust particulates in high-speed direct injection diesel engines is evaluated; the filtration efficiency of the four cyclones has been enhanced by means of particulate agglomeration induced by cooling in a heat exchanger. With this system installed in the exhaust pipe of a 2.5 litre direct injection engine, tests covering a wide range of speed, load and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fraction resulted in reductions of up to 77 per cent in emitted particulate mass flowrate. The dependence of the system's performance on engine operating conditions, EGR configuration and cyclone geometry is presented and discussed.

Low-sooting combustion in a small-bore high-speed direct-injection diesel engine using narrow-angle injectors

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1927-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
T-G Fang ◽  
R E Coverdill ◽  
C-F F Lee ◽  
R A White
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Injection Angle ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Flame

An optically accessible high-speed direct-injection diesel engine was used to study the effects of injection angles on low-sooting combustion. A digital high-speed camera was employed to capture the entire cycle combustion and spray evolution processes under seven operating conditions including post-top-dead centre (TDC) injection and pre-TDC injection strategies. The nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions were also measured in the exhaust pipe. In-cylinder pressure data and heat release rate calculations were conducted. All the cases show premixed combustion features. For post-TDC injection cases, a large amount of fuel deposition is seen for a narrower-injection-angle tip, i.e. the 70° tip, and ignition is observed near the injector tip in the centre of the bowl, while for a wider-injection-angle tip, namely a 110° tip, ignition occurs near the spray tip in the vicinity of the bowl wall. The combustion flame is near the bowl wall and at the central region of the bowl for the 70° tip. However, the flame is more distributed and centralized for the 110° tip. Longer spray penetration is found for the pre-TDC injection timing cases. Liquid fuel impinges on the bowl wall or on the piston top and a fuel film is formed. Ignition for all the pre-TDC injection cases occur in a distributed way in the piston bowl. Two different combustion modes are observed for the pre-TDC injection cases including a homogeneous bulky combustion flame at earlier crank angles and a heterogeneous film combustion mode with luminous sooting flame at later crank angles. In terms of soot emissions, NO x emissions, and fuel efficiency, results show that the late post-TDC injection strategy gives the best performance.

A New Predictive ID Model for Advanced High Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurun Zhong ◽  
Naeim A. Henein ◽  
Walter Bryzik
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Common Rail Injection ◽  
Starting Conditions

Advance high speed direct injection diesel engines apply high injection pressures, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), injection timing and swirl ratios to control the combustion process in order to meet the strict emission standards. All these parameters affect, in different ways, the ignition delay (ID) which has an impact on premixed, mixing controlled and diffusion controlled combustion fractions and the resulting engine-out emissions. In this study, the authors derive a new correlation to predict the ID under the different operating conditions in advanced diesel engines. The model results are validated by experimental data in a single-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system at different speeds, loads, EGR ratios and swirl ratios. Also, the model is used to predict the performance of two other diesel engines under cold starting conditions.

scholarly journals Injection systems of high-speed diesel engines and development trends

2005 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Kazimierz LEJDA
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
High Speed Diesel

Current development of automotive industry is conditioned by the minimization of negative effects in relation to the environment. It results from the restrictions regarding exhaust emission limits which are introduced by the consecutive standards but it also guarantees market success of a given vehicle. Research carried out regarding customer preferences in UE countries have confirmed that during the purchase of a car they make decisions based on vehicle’s ecological properties and the safety of use in road conditions. Next such criteria follow as performance and durability which has so far been dominant. The analysis of the development trends of internal combustion engines clearly shows that the dominant engines are direct injection compression-ignition VGT engines. These engines have better work indices, significant values of total efficiency and most favorable ecological properties as opposed to spark-ignition engine. The obtainment of desirable utilization indices by diesel engine depends to a high degree from the injection systems applied in these engines. In the article characteristics of injection systems which are fitted in modern high-speed diesel engines as prime vehicle drive unit have been discussed. Systems with distributor injection pumps, with individual injection units and with pressure accumulators have too been presented. The requirements from injection systems have been qualified herein.

A Phenomenological Model for Combustion and Emissions in Small Bore, High Speed, Direct Injection Diesel Engines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Henein ◽  
I. P. Singh ◽  
L. Zhong ◽  
Y. Poonawala ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Phenomenological Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Wide Range

This paper introduces a phenomenological model for the fuel distribution, combustion, and emissions formation in the small bore, high speed direct injection diesel engine. A differentiation is made between the conditions in large bore and small bore diesel engines, particularly regarding the fuel impingement on the walls and the swirl and squish gas flow components. The model considers the fuel injected prior to the development of the flame, fuel injected in the flame, fuel deposited on the walls and the last part of the fuel delivered at the end of the injection process. The model is based on experimental results obtained in a single-cylinder, 4-valve, direct-injection, four-stroke-cycle, water-cooled, diesel engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system. The engine is supercharged with heated shop air, and the exhaust back pressure is adjusted to simulate actual turbo-charged diesel engine conditions. The experiments covered a wide range of injection pressures, EGR rates, injection timings and swirl ratios. Correlations and 2-D maps are developed to show the effect of combinations of the above parameters on engine out emissions. Emphasis is made on the nitric oxide and soot measured in Bosch Smoke Units (BSU).

Combustion in High-Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines—A Comprehensive Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Winterbone ◽  
D A Yates ◽  
E Clough ◽  
K K Rao ◽  
P Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Correlation Technique

This paper reports the latest results of a comprehensive project investigating the performance of a Ricardo Hydra direct injection diesel engine. Early work covered a number of aspects of research into the gross behaviour of this engine: this paper concentrates on techniques for obtaining quantitative data from photographs of the combustion process. High-speed photographs, at framing rates up to 20 000 frames/s, were taken using a piston with a quartz bowl, at engine speeds up to 3000 r/min. The pre-combustion period was illuminated using a synchronized copper vapour laser. After the initiation of combustion, the process is self-illuminating and information on the combustion process was obtained by analysing the radiation emitted by the carbon particles. The two-colour method was used to evaluate the temperature of the combustion gases over the full field of view. The images have also been analysed by a cross-correlation technique to obtain velocity information. Tests have been performed on the engine over a wide range of operating conditions, but this paper concentrates on the effect of swirl ratio on combustion. It will be shown that too much swirl increases the ignition delay period and results in an increase in the NOx emissions but a decrease in the soot. It will also be shown that the velocity pattern after combustion is in good agreement with that evaluated by Arcoumanis et al. at the end of compression, which implies that swirl persists through the combustion period despite significant decay.

CFD Modeling of Pilot Injection and EGR in DI Diesel Engines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo de Risi ◽  
Teresa Donateo ◽  
Domenico Laforgia
Keyword(s):  
Shell Model ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Injection Strategies

The simulation of direct injection diesel engines requires accurate models to predict spray evolution and combustion processes. Several models have been proposed and widely tested for traditional injection strategies characterized by single injection pulse close to top dead center. Unfortunately, these models show some limits when applied to different injection strategies so that a correct simulation of engine performances and emission cannot be achieved without changing variables included in spray and combustion models. The aim of the present investigation is to improve the prediction capability of the KIVA3V code in case of pilot injection in order to use numerical simulations to define optimized pilot injection strategies. This goal was achieved by eliminating the hypotheses of constant fuel density and constant spray angle in the KIVA3V code and by using a modified version of the Shell model. The proposed modifications to the Shell model allow a better description of low temperature kinetics by the addition of two more radicals and three new kinetics reactions. The improvements in the code were verified by comparing experimental data and numerical results over a wide range of operating conditions including single injections, pilot injections and EGR.

scholarly journals Features of the working process of high-speed diesel engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
Sarvar Kadirov ◽  
Madamin Aripdjanov ◽  
Obidjon Ergashev ◽  
Ravshan Iskandarov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Working Process ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Factors

This article discusses the main history of the creation of high-speed short-stroke diesel engines and an assessment of the main factors that most significantly affect the working process of a diesel engine. When developing a new design of a high-speed diesel engine, it is necessary to pay special attention to the following factors: the intensity of the air charge, injection pressure parameters, the shape of the combustion chamber and the choice of the best option. Research carried out with a 7 x 0.15 mm nozzle in a wide range of speed changes (n = 1000 + 2800 min-1) shows that it is possible to find a position of the widened valve at which optimal results are obtained at medium and high rotational speeds, and on small - engine performance will deteriorate slightly.

Validating the Phenomenological Smoke Model at Different Operating Conditions of DI Diesel Engines

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Aghav ◽  
P. A. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
M. K. G. Babu ◽  
Azeem Uddin ◽  
A. D. Dani
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wall Impingement ◽  
Nozzle Hole ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
Geometrical Consideration

A new phenomenological model that was published in Aghav et al. (2005, “Phenomenology of Smoke From Direct Injection Diesel Engines,” Proceedings of ICEF2005, ASME Paper No. 1350) encompasses the spray and the wall interaction by a simple geometrical consideration. The current study extends this earlier work with investigations made on 16 different engines from six-engine families of widely varying features, applied to off-highway as well as on-road duty. A dimensionless factor was introduced to take care of the nozzle hole manufactured by hydroerosion, as well as the conical shape of the nozzle hole (k factor) in the case of valve-closed-orifice type of nozzles. The smoke emitted from the wall spray formed after wall impingement is the major contributor to the total smoke at higher loads. As the fuel spray impinges upon the walls of the combustion chamber, its velocity decreases. This low-velocity jet contributes to the higher rate of the smoke production. Therefore, the combustion bowl geometry along with injection parameters play a significant role in the smoke emissions. The new model is one dimensional and based on the recent phenomenological description of spray combustion in a direct injection diesel engine. The satisfactory comparison of the predicted and observed smoke over the wide range of engine operation demonstrated applicability of the model in simulation study of combustion occurring in direct injection (DI) diesel engines.

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