scholarly journals Thermochemical Studies on the Quantity–Antibacterial Effect Relationship of Four Organic Acids from Radix Isatidis on Escherichia coli Growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Kong ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Limei Shan ◽  
Xiaohe Xiao ◽  
Weiying Guo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Radix Isatidis ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Novel Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Parameters Quantify the Exposure–Effect Relationship of Levofloxacin against Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Johanna Seeger ◽  
Sebastian Guenther ◽  
Katharina Schaufler ◽  
Stefan E. Heiden ◽  
Robin Michelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Antibiotic Dosing

Minimal inhibitory concentration-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices are commonly applied to antibiotic dosing optimisation, but their informative value is limited, as they do not account for bacterial growth dynamics over time. We aimed to comprehensively characterise the exposure–effect relationship of levofloxacin against Escherichia coli and quantify strain-specific characteristics applying novel PK/PD parameters. In vitro infection model experiments were leveraged to explore the exposure–effect relationship of three clinical Escherichia coli isolates, harbouring different genomic fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms, under constant levofloxacin concentrations or human concentration–time profiles (≤76 h). As an exposure metric, the ‘cumulative area under the levofloxacin–concentration time curve’ was determined. The antibiotic effect was assessed as the ‘cumulative area between the growth control and the bacterial-killing and -regrowth curve’. PK/PD modelling was applied to characterise the exposure–effect relationship and derive novel PK/PD parameters. A sigmoidal Emax model with an inhibition term best characterised the exposure–effect relationship and allowed for discrimination between two isolates sharing the same MIC value. Strain- and exposure-pattern-dependent differences were captured by the PK/PD parameters and elucidated the contribution of phenotypic adaptation to bacterial regrowth. The novel exposure and effect metrics and derived PK/PD parameters allowed for comprehensive characterisation of the isolates and could be applied to overcome the limitations of the MIC in clinical antibiotic dosing decisions, drug research and preclinical development.

Clinical Strategy for Optimal Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Herbal Dose Selection in Disease Therapeutics: Expert Consensus on Classic TCM Herbal Formula Dose Conversion

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (08) ◽  
pp. 1515-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Hua Zha ◽  
Li-Sha He ◽  
Feng-Mei Lian ◽  
Zhong Zhen ◽  
Hang-Yu Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Expert Consensus ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Dose Selection ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Weight Measurement ◽  
Relationship Of

The clinical therapeutics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutes a complicated process which involves theory, diagnosis, and formula prescription with specific herbal dosage. Zhang Zhong-Jing’s classic work, Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, has been influencing TCM practice for almost 2000 years. However, during this extended period of time in Chinese history, the Chinese weight measurement system experienced noticeable changes. This change in the weight measurement system inevitably, and perhaps even negatively, affected TCM herbal dosage determination and treatment outcome. Thus, in modern society, a full understanding of the accuracy of herbal dose selection has a critical importance in the TCM daily practice of delivering the best treatment to the patients suffering from different illnesses. In the 973 Project of the Chinese National Basic Research Program, expert consensus on classic TCM formula dose conversion has been reached based on extensive literature review and discussion on the dose–effect relationship of classic TCM formulas. One “liang” (两) in classic TCM formulas is equivalent to 13.8[Formula: see text]g. However, based on many TCM basic and clinical studies of variable herbal formula prescriptions and herbal drug preparations, the rule of one liang equals 13.8[Formula: see text]g should be adjusted according to different disease conditions. Recommended by the committee on TCM formula dose–effect relationship of the China Association of Chinese Medicine and the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, the following expert consensus has been reached: (i) One liang converts to 6–9[Formula: see text]g for the severely and critically ill patients. (ii) One liang converts to 3–6[Formula: see text]g for the patients suffering from chronic diseases. (iii) One liang converts to 1–3[Formula: see text]g in preventive medicine. The above conversions should be used as a future TCM practice guideline. Using this recommended guideline should enhance the effectiveness of daily TCM practice.

scholarly journals Characteristics and dose‐effect relationship of clinical gamma‐hydroxybutyrate intoxication: A case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine Abid ◽  
Jana Kietzerow ◽  
Stefanie Iwersen‐Bergmann ◽  
Tino Schnitgerhans ◽  
Hilke Andresen‐Streichert
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Relationship Of

Antibacterial Effect of Monocaprylin on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Apple Juice

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1895-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANOJ KUMAR MOHAN NAIR ◽  
HANEM ABOUELEZZ ◽  
THOMAS HOAGLAND ◽  
KUMAR VENKITANARAYANAN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Control Samples

The antibacterial effect of low concentrations of monocaprylin on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice was investigated. Apple juice alone (control) or containing 2.5 mM (0.055%) or 5 mM monocaprylin was inoculated with a five-strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 at ~6.0 log CFU/ml. The juice samples were stored at 23 or 4°C for 14 or 21 days, respectively, and the population of E. coli O157:H7 was determined on tryptic soy agar plates supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract. At both storage temperatures, the population of E. coli O157:H7 in monocaprylin-supplemented juice samples was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in the control samples. The concentration of monocaprylin and the storage temperature had a significant effect on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in apple juice. Monocaprylin at 5 mM was significantly more effective than 2.5 mM monocaprylin for killing E. coli O157:H7 in apple juice. Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 by monocaprylin was more pronounced in juice stored at 23°C than in the refrigerated samples. Results of this study indicated that monocaprylin is effective for killing E. coli O157:H7 in apple juice, but detailed sensory studies are needed to determine the organoleptic properties of apple juice containing monocaprylin.

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