scholarly journals Productivity Differences Between and Within Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daron Acemoglu ◽  
Melissa Dell
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Know How ◽  
Country Differences

We document substantial within-country (cross-municipality) differences in incomes for a large number of countries in the Americas. A significant fraction of the within-country differences cannot be explained by observed human capital. We conjecture that the sources of within-country and between-country differences are related. As a first step toward a unified framework, we propose a simple model incorporating differences in technological know-how across countries and differences in productive efficiency within countries. (JEL E23, I31, J31, O15, O18, O47, R23)

A People-centred Approach to Economic Development (PCED): Brokering Economic Inclusion as a Route Way to Improving Competitiveness

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Crawford-Lee ◽  
Phillip Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Know How ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Areas

This paper outlines support for adopting a people-centred approach to economic development that has been taken forward in West Yorkshire — an approach that recognises that prosperity in a global economy is driven by ideas, information and knowledge. This is very different to the industrial economy of the past. It presents both a model for an integrated workforce development system and a framework for improving linkages between human capital and economic development. Indeed, it is understood that it is those local areas with a strong, adequately skilled, human capital base that are best placed to utilise knowledge and to transfer this know-how into cutting-edge techniques for the production of goods and services. As such, investment in people's knowledge and skills is a crucial aspect of achieving sustained economic growth in a networked, knowledge-driven, global economy.

scholarly journals A unified framework for incorporating decision making into explanations of business failure

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1341-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Amankwah-Amoah
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Institutional Linkages ◽  
Learning From Others

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how decision-maker attributes unfold to precipitate organisational failure. The analysis brings to light how key attributes such as information-processing capabilities and human capital decay interact to bring about business decline and exit. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on an integrated review and conceptualisation of the literature. Findings – The study articulates how a set of attributes of decision makers, i.e. human capital obsolescence, powerlessness, meaninglessness and institutional linkages, contributes to organisational failure. Research limitations/implications – The paper concludes by setting out an array of strategies of learning from others’ failures. Originality/value – In spite of a growing body of research on organisational failure, scholars have placed overwhelming emphasis on ecological explanations and business failure prediction models. The study moves beyond the ecological explanations to offer a more fine-grained analysis of firm-level factors that precipitate business failure.

scholarly journals Human Capital and the Wealth of Nations

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 2736-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo E. Manuelli ◽  
Ananth Seshadri
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

We reevaluate the role of human capital in determining the wealth of nations. We use standard human capital theory to estimate stocks of human capital and allow the quality of human capital to vary across countries. Our model can explain differences in schooling and earnings profiles and, consequently, estimates of Mincerian rates of return across countries. We find that effective human capital per worker varies substantially across countries. Cross-country differences in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) are significantly smaller than found in previous studies. Our model implies that output per worker is highly responsive to changes in TFP and demographic variables. (JEL E23, I25, J24, J31, O47)

scholarly journals Technology Transfer, Development, Deployment and Productivity Performance in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-128
Author(s):  
Irfan Ali ◽  
Zafar Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Foreign Technology ◽  
Know How ◽  
Technology Deployment ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Technology Absorption

Productivity (TFP) performance is not only influenced by the direct effects of human capital, R&D (technology development)), embodied and disembodied forms of technology transfer and know-how through capital imports, FDI and use of foreign IPRs (technology transfer activities), but importantly is indirectly affected by compo-nents like the interactive effects of machinery and equipment imports, royalties and licenses fee payments, FDI, human capital and technology deployment. In this context, we analyzed internal technology building capabilities, trade-related technology transf-er activities and foreign technology absorption capabilities. The ARDL technique demonstrates that stable long-run association exists amongst all the chosen variables. The results indicate that investment in human capital boost the TFP, in addition expenditures on R&D, imports of machinery are crucial determinants of TFP growth. Surprisingly, FDI appears with a negative sign but the indirect effect of FDI through its interaction with human capital is positive. This indicates that FDI in the presence of human capital plays a favourable role in enhancing TFP. Moreover, the imports of machinery directly and indirectly, in association with both human capital and R&D, increase the growth of TFP. These findings provide evidence that internal technology building capabilities enhances the TFP growth significantly; while, embodied form of technology transfer has a positive and significant impact on the growth of TFP; whereas, disembodied technology transfer exerts positive but statistically insignificant impact on TFP growth. Furthermore, the study lends support for the existence of strong foreign technology absorption capabilities.

scholarly journals Openness Management by Figures as a Model of Integrity and Transparency

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (60) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sa’ad Al-anizi ◽  
Mustafa Muneer Isma'eel
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Financial Engineering ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Quality Of Products

Competitive advantage is a substantial  strategic objective for organizations. It requires high levels in the quality of products and services provided to customers, continuous improvement of costing , care for creativity and innovative employees, and speed unique to the marketing and financial engineering, and business re-engineering processes. The situation in this area, requires actors to attract and develop human resources, including help in proper implementation of the strategic tasks that targeted by those institutions. According to the opinions and viewpoints of management scholars, the competitive advantage resource is the most important issue for organizations in the third millennium, which can be achieved through the construction of organizational knowledge, human capital, and their development to serve in transforming them into the learning and expert organizations, to know how to accelerate to be more efficient and flexible in the market.

scholarly journals Enhancing economic development via the increase of the quality of education

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Know How ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
Key Factor

Sustainable economic development is one of the most important mission of economic policy. More analysis demonstrate that the key factor is the investment of human capital, which means a correlation between economic growth and quality of education. In this study we overview, how human capital and educational development effect to the economic growth, and how is it possible to quantify the results. We also get to know how the degree of development influenced by the quality of education.

scholarly journals A Importância da Gestão Estratégica de Pessoas no Âmbito Organizacional

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (40) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Bruno Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Cavalcante Ayres ◽  
Maycon Da Cruz Marinho ◽  
Rogério Sales Silva ◽  
Thiago Sousa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Knowledge Process ◽  
Know How ◽  
Administrative Management ◽  
The People ◽  
Managing Innovation ◽  
Capital Humano

ResumoO advento da globalização, especificamente, no que se refere à esfera empresarial permitiu a adoção de importantes mudanças em se tratando da gestão administrativa das empresas. Tais mudanças se referem, principalmente, à forma como se encaram as pessoas que compõem as empresas. Acredita-se que sejam as pessoas a parte essencial de todas as empresas. Este artigo pretendeu discutir sobre a importância das pessoas, bem como de saber qual a forma de lidar com elas e como isto pode influenciar, positiva ou negativamente, nos resultados das empresas. Assim, observa-se que para gerir as pessoas não se deve ter apenas visão mecanicista ou mesmo metódica, é necessário que se discuta e compreenda as diferenças existentes entre técnicas obsoletas antigas e as modernas, que atuam conjuntamente com uma gestão eficaz. Precisa ser resgatado o papel que o ser humano representa dentro das organizações quanto a sua atuação nas atividades que executa como colaboradores dentro das empresas. Tal atitude, por parte das organizações, lhes permitirá ver que o capital humano poderá ser o seu grande diferencial em se tratando de competitividade. Diante do exposto, o artigo procurou baseado em diversas literaturas bibliográficas, apresentar uma análise da importância da gestão de pessoas para as organizações, bem como demonstrar o quanto elas possuem um reflexo positivo nos resultados finais das empresas. Afinal, quando uma gestão de pessoas é eficaz, aliada ao processo de gestão da inovação e conhecimento terá condição de garantir muitas vantagens competitivas, que podem ser difíceis ou mesmo impossíveis de serem copiadas pelas empresas concorrentes. Palavras-chave: Empresa. Gestão de Pessoas. Globalização. Resultado. AbstractThe advent of globalization, specifically concerning the business sphere, has allowed the adoption of important changes in the companies administrative management. These changes are mainly related to the way the people who make up the companies are viewed. It is believed that people are the essential part of all businesses. This article aimed to discuss the people’s importance as well as to know how to deal with them and how this can influence positively or negatively in companies' results. Thus, it should be noted that in order to manage people one should not only have a mechanistic or even methodical view, it is necessary to discuss and understand the differences between old and modern obsolete techniques that work together with effective management. The role needs to be rescued that the human being represents within the organizations as to their performance in the activities that perform as collaborators within the companies. Such an attitude on the part of the organizations will allow them to see that human capital can be their great differential when it comes to competitiveness. Considering the above, the article sought based on several bibliographical literatures, present an analysis of the importance of people management for organizations, as well as demonstrate how they have a positive reflection on the companies final results. After all, when people management is effective, allied to the managing innovation and knowledge process will be able to guarantee many competitive advantages that may be difficult or even impossible to be copied by competing companies. Keywords: Company. People management. Globalization. Result.

scholarly journals The Relative Efficiency of Skilled Labor across Countries: Measurement and Interpretation

2022 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-266
Author(s):  
Federico Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Skill Bias ◽  
Development Accounting ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
High Skill

I study how the relative efficiency of high- and low-skill labor varies across countries. Using microdata for countries at different stages of development, I document that differences in relative quantities and wages are consistent with high-skill workers being relatively more productive in rich countries. I exploit variation in the skill premia of foreign-educated migrants to discriminate between two possible drivers of this pattern: cross-country differences in the skill bias of technology and in the relative human capital of skilled labor. I find that the former is quantitatively more important, and discuss the implications of this result for development accounting. (JEL I26, J24, J31, J61, L16, O15)

Macroeconomic Shocks, Human Capital and Productive Efficiency: Evidence from West African Rice Farmers

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Barrett ◽  
Shane M. Sherlund ◽  
Akinwumi A. Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
West African ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Macroeconomic Shocks ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
African Rice
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