scholarly journals Characterization of the Microbial Community and Culturable Denitrifying Bacteria in a Solid-phase Denitrification Process Using Poly(ε-caprolactone) as the Carbon and Energy Source

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Horiba ◽  
Shams Tabrez Khan ◽  
Akira Hiraishi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Denitrification Process

scholarly journals Characterization of 1,4-Dioxane Biodegradation by a Microbial Community

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3372
Author(s):  
Kang Hoon Lee ◽  
Young Min Wie ◽  
Yong-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biodegradation Kinetics ◽  
Monod Equation ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients

In this study, a microbial community of bacteria was investigated for 1,4-dioxane(1,4-D) biodegradation. The enriched culture was investigated for 1,4-dioxane mineralization, co-metabolism of 1,4-dioxane and extra carbon sources, and characterized 1,4-dioxane biodegradation kinetics. The mineralization test indicates that the enriched culture was able to degrade 1,4-dioxane as the sole carbon and energy source. Interestingly, the distribution of 1,4-dioxane into the final biodegrading products were 36.9% into biomass, 58.3% completely mineralized to CO2, and about 4% escaped as VOC. The enriched culture has a high affinity with 1,4-dioxane during biodegradation. The kinetic coefficients of the Monod equation were qmax = 0.0063 mg 1,4-D/mg VSS/h, Ks = 9.42 mg/L, YT = 0.43 mg VSS/mg 1,4-dioxane and the decay rate was kd = 0.023 mg/mg/h. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethylene glycol were both consumed together with 1,4-dioxane by the enriched culture; however, ethylene glycol did not show any influence on 1,4-dioxane biodegradation, while THF proved to be a competitive.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on the Characteristics of Nitrogen Removal and Microbial Community in Post Solid-Phase Denitrification Biofilter Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Chen ◽  
Luo ◽  
Wu ◽  
Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Low Carbon

In order to solve the problems of high energy consumption, complex process and low nitrogen removal efficiency in the currently available low carbon source wastewater treatment processes, a novel coagulation sedimentation/post-solid-phase denitrification biofilter process (CS-BAF-SPDB) was proposed. The effect of temperature on the nitrogen removal performance of BAF-SPDB was intensively studied, and the mechanism of the effect of temperature on nitrogen removal performance was analyzed from the perspective of microbial community structure by using the polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results showed that, to realize favorable nitrifying and denitrifying performance simultaneously in the BAF-SPDB unit, the operation temperature should be set above 18 °C. In addition, the influence of the macro operation parameters on the performance of the BAF and SPDB has a direct relationship with the dynamic changes of the micro microbial community. The influence of temperature on nitrification performance in BAF was mainly embodied in the change of composition, amount and activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii and nitrite oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonas sp. Nm47, while that on denitrification performance in SPDB is mainly embodied in the change of composition and amount of solid carbon substrate degrading denitrifying bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Myxobacterium AT3-03 and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria Dechloromonas agitate, Thauera aminoaromatica, Comamonas granuli and Rubrivivax gelatinosus.

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

TEM characterization of Au/Polysilicon interactions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Leslie H. Allen ◽  
C. Barry Carter ◽  
James W. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polysilicon Films ◽  
The Stability

Metal/polysilicon investigations contribute to an understanding of issues relevant to the stability of electrical contacts in semiconductor devices. These investigations also contribute to an understanding of Si lateral solid-phase epitactic growth. Metals such as Au, Al and Ag form eutectics with Si. reactions in these metal/polysilicon systems lead to the formation of large-grain silicon. Of these systems, the Al/polysilicon system has been most extensively studied. In this study, the behavior upon thermal annealing of Au/polysilicon bilayers is investigated using cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). The unique feature of this system is that silicon grain-growth occurs at particularly low temperatures ∽300°C).Gold/polysilicon bilayers were fabricated on thermally oxidized single-crystal silicon substrates. Lowpressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) at 620°C was used to obtain 100 to 400 nm polysilicon films. The surface of the polysilicon was cleaned with a buffered hydrofluoric acid solution. Gold was then thermally evaporated onto the samples.

Characterization of Monoclonal Anti-human Factor VII Antibody (B101/B1) that Recognized Three-dimensional Structures near Arg at Position 79 in the First EGF-like Domain

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Takamiya
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Epidermal Growth

SummaryMurine monoclonal antibodies (designated hVII-B101/B1, hVIIDC2/D4 and hVII-DC6/3D8) directed against human factor VII (FVII) were prepared and characterized, with more extensive characterization of hVII-B101/B1 that did not bind reduced FVIIa. The immunoglobulin of the three monoclonal antibodies consisted of IgG1. These antibodies did not inhibit procoagulant activities of other vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors except FVII and did not cross-react with proteins in the immunoblotting test. hVII-DC2/D4 recognized the light chain after reduction of FVIIa with 2-mercaptoethanol, and hVIIDC6/3D8 the heavy chain. hVII-B101/B1 bound FVII without Ca2+, and possessed stronger affinity for FVII in the presence of Ca2+. The Kd for hVII-B101/B1 to FVII was 1.75 x 10–10 M in the presence of 5 mM CaCl2. The antibody inhibited the binding of FVII to tissue factor in the presence of Ca2+. hVII-B101/B1 also inhibited the activation of FX by the complex of FVIIa and tissue factor in the presence of Ca2+. Furthermore, immunoblotting revealed that hVII-B101/B1 reacted with non-reduced γ-carboxyglutaminic acid (Gla)-domainless-FVII and/or FVIIa. hVII-B101/B1 showed a similar pattern to that of non-reduced proteolytic fragments of FVII by trypsin with hVII-DC2/D4 on immunoblotting test. hVII-B101/B1 reacted differently with the FVII from the dysfunctional FVII variant, FVII Shinjo, which has a substitution of Gln for Arg at residue 79 in the first epidermal growth factor (1st EGF)-like domain (Takamiya O, et al. Haemosta 25, 89-97,1995) compared with normal FVII, when used as a solid phase-antibody for ELISA by the sandwich method. hVII-B101/B1 did not react with a series of short peptide sequences near position 79 in the first EGF-like domain on the solid-phase support for epitope scanning. These results suggested that the specific epitope of the antibody, hVII-B101/B1, was located in the three-dimensional structure near position 79 in the first EGF-like domain of human FVII.

Enrichment and characterization of an anaerobic methyl ethyl ketoxime degrading culture from an anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge sequencing batch reactor

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Love ◽  
Mary E. Rust ◽  
Kathy C. Terlesky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Methyl Ethyl

An anaerobic enrichment culture was developed from an anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge sequencing batch reactor using methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO), a potent nitrification inhibitor, as the sole carbon and energy source in the absence of molecular oxygen and nitrate. The enrichment culture was gradually fed decreasing amounts of biogenic organic compounds and increasing concentrations of MEKO over 23 days until the cultures metabolized the oxime as the sole carbon source; the cultures were maintained for an additional 41 days on MEKO alone. Turbidity stabilized at approximately 100 mg/l total suspended solids. Growth on selective media plates confirmed that the microorganisms were utilizing the MEKO as the sole carbon and energy source. The time frame required for growth indicated that the kinetics for MEKO degradation are slow. A batch test indicated that dissolved organic carbon decreased at a rate comparable to MEKO consumption, while sulfate was not consumed. The nature of the electron acceptor in anaerobic MEKO metabolism is unclear, but it is hypothesized that the MEKO is hydrolyzed intracellularly to form methyl ethyl ketone and hydroxylamine which serve as electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively.

scholarly journals Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) from Myanmar

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Yanhang Chen ◽  
Musavvara Kh. Shukurova ◽  
Yonathan Asikin ◽  
Miyako Kusano ◽  
Kazuo N. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Mango Ginger ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Curcuma Amada ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Curcuma amada Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as mango ginger because its rhizome and foliar parts have a similar aroma to mango. The rhizome has been widely used in food industries and alternative medicines to treat a variety of internal diseases such as cough, bronchitis, indigestion, colic, loss of appetite, hiccups, and constipation. The composition of the volatile constituents in a fresh rhizome of C. amada is not reported in detail. The present study aimed to screen and characterize the composition of volatile organic compound (VOC) in a fresh rhizome of three C. amada (ZO45, ZO89, and ZO114) and one C. longa (ZO138) accessions originated from Myanmar. The analysis was carried out by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). As a result, 122 VOCs were tentatively identified from the extracted 373 mass spectra. The following compounds were the ten most highly abundant and broadly present ones: ar-turmerone, α-zingiberene, α-santalene, (E)-γ-atlantone, cuparene, β-bisabolene, teresantalol, β-sesquiphellandrene, trans-α-bergamotene, γ-curcumene. The intensity of ar-turmerone, the sesquiterpene which is mainly characterized in C. longa essential oil (up to 15.5–27.5%), was significantly higher in C. amada accession ZO89 (15.707 ± 5.78a) compared to C. longa accession ZO138 (0.300 ± 0.08b). Cis-α-bergamotene was not detected in two C. amada accessions ZO45 and ZO89. The study revealed between-species variation regarding identified VOCs in the fresh rhizome of C. amada and C. longa.

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