scholarly journals Migrant integration at the regional level in the rural areas of Southern Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Δημήτριος-Ραφαήλ Τσερβένης
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Migrant Integration

H διεθνής μετανάστευση προς τις περιοχές της υπαίθρου της Νότιας Ευρώπης είναι ένα σημαντικό φαινόμενο από τις αρχές της δεκαετίας του 1990 και συνεχίζει να έχει αυξανόμενο δημογραφικό και οικονομικό αντίκτυπο σε αυτές μέχρι και σήμερα. Πολλοί μετανάστες έχουν εγκατασταθεί σε αυτές τις περιοχές για περισσότερο από δύο δεκαετίες, αλλά γνωρίζουμε λίγα για τις εμπειρίες, τις αντιλήψεις, τις ανάγκες, τις συνθήκες διαβίωσης και τις φιλοδοξίες τους. Ο στόχος αυτής της εμπειρικής, διεπιστημονικής και συγκριτικής έρευνας είναι να εξετάσει τον αντίκτυπο του τόπου διαμονής στην ένταξη των μεταναστών/μεταναστριών και την ευημερία αυτών στις περιοχές της υπαίθρου της Νότιας Ευρώπης, ιδιαίτερα αυτών της Κρήτης και της Σαρδηνίας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η διατριβή διερευνά τις χωρικές τάσεις και τα μοτίβα σχετικά με την κοινωνικοοικονομική ένταξη των Αλβανών και Μαροκινών που ζουν στις δύο περιφέρειες, εξετάζοντας τις αγροτικές περιοχές σε σχέση με τις αστικές της ίδιας περιφέρειας. Επιπλέον, εξετάζει σε βάθος τον ρόλο των υπερεθνικών, εθνικών, περιφερειακών και τοπικών δρώντων στις διαδικασίες ένταξης κατά τις τελευταίες τρεις δεκαετίες. Μέσα από μια σε βάθος ανάλυση των πολιτικών και προγραμμάτων ένταξης, εξετάζει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο γενικές ή στοχευμένες πολιτικές που υιοθετήθηκαν στα διάφορα εμπλεκόμενα κυβερνητικά επίπεδα επηρέασαν την ένταξη στις αστικές και αγροτικές περιοχές των δύο χωρών και περιφερειών, αντίστοιχα. Η επιλογή αυτών των δύο περιφερειών βασίστηκε στα διάφορα κοινά θεσμικά, δημογραφικά, οικονομικά, κοινωνικά, πολιτιστικά και γεωμορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά που παρουσιάζουν, τα οποία εμφανίζονται και σε άλλες παράκτιες, κυρίως ή ενδιάμεσες αγροτικές περιφέρειες της Νότιας Ευρώπης. Από την άλλη πλευρά, υπάρχει μια σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ τους που βασίζεται στο πολύ πιο αποκεντρωμένο και πολυεπίπεδο σύστημα διακυβέρνησης της ένταξης που έχει υιοθετήσει η Ιταλία από τα τέλη της δεκαετίας του 1990 σε αντίθεση με το συγκεντρωτικό σύστημα που έχει υιοθετήσει η Ελλάδα μέχρι σήμερα. Με βάση τα εμπειρικά δεδομένα της έρευνας που συλλέχθηκαν μεταξύ Μαρτίου 2019 και Μαΐου 2020 και τις σε βάθος προσωπικές συνεντεύξεις με ειδικούς και μετανάστες, η διατριβή συνδύασε στοιχεία τόσο ποιοτικών όσο και ποσοτικών μεθόδων ανάλυσης για να επιτύχει τους στόχους που αναφέρθηκαν παραπάνω. Για τις διακρατικές και τις ενδοπεριφερειακές (μεταξύ αστικών και αγροτικών περιοχών καθώς και μεταξύ των διαφόρων τυπολογιών αγροτικών περιοχών) συγκρίσεις χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι πιο πρόσφατοι βασικοί δείκτες, ορισμοί και ταξινομήσεις που έχουν προταθεί από την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή και το Τμήμα Μετανάστευσης του ΟΟΣΑ (π.χ. δείκτες Σαραγόσα, Διακανονισμός το 2015 & 2018 DEGURBA). Η ανάλυση των ευρημάτων ανέδειξε ότι: α) O τόπος κατοικίας επηρεάζει με πολλούς τρόπους την ένταξη. Η εγκατάσταση και η ένταξη των ερωτηθέντων στις αγροτικές περιοχές των δύο περιοχών επηρεάστηκε έντονα από εξωγενείς διαρθρωτικούς παράγοντες και τα χαρακτηριστικά αυτών των περιοχών, β) Τα αποτελέσματα ένταξης των μεταναστών/μεταναστριών διέφεραν μόνο ελαφρώς μεταξύ των αστικών και αγροτικών περιοχών τόσο σε αντικειμενικούς όσο και σε υποκειμενικούς όρους και γ) Η ένταξη των μεταναστών/μεταναστριών στις αγροτικές περιοχές δεν είναι ομοιογενής ανά τις διάφορες αγροτικές τυπολογίες που εξετάστηκαν (ενδιάμεσες, απομακρυσμένες, παράκτιες). Πολλές διαφοροποιήσεις παρατηρήθηκαν σε τομείς όπως η απασχόληση, η στέγαση, οι οικονομικές συνθήκες καθώς και οι στάσεις της τοπικής κοινωνίας απέναντι στη μετανάστευση μεταξύ αυτών.

Civic Participation and Social Embeddedness: Differences Between Urban and Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Tuuli-Marja Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Level

Does civic participation lead to a large social network? This study claims that high levels of civic participation may obstruct individual social embeddedness. Using survey data from the German Survey on Volunteering (Deutscher Freiwilligensurvey; 1999–2009), this study conducts macro- as well as multi-level regressions to examine the link between civic participation and social embeddedness. Findings reveal that civic participation on the sub-national regional level is not generally associated with social embeddedness, but it affects the participants’ and non-participants’ possibilities for friendships differently. This holds especially true in urban areas, but the effect cannot be found in rural areas. The analysis has implications for further research to enhance the social embeddedness of the excluded.

Monthly Distribution of 1933 Famine Losses in Soviet Ukraine and the Russian Soviet Republic at the Regional Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-548
Author(s):  
Oleh Wolowyna ◽  
Nataliia Levchuk ◽  
Alla Kovbasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Historical Explanation ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
June July ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic ◽  
Independent Confirmation

AbstractOne of the distinct characteristics of the 1932–1933 famine is that between 65 and 80 percent of all famine-related deaths (direct losses) in rural areas of Soviet Ukraine (UkrSSR) and its oblasts and some regions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) occurred during the first six or seven months of 1933, and that in all oblasts of UkrSSR and some regions of RSFSR the number of famine losses increased by a factor of six to 15 between January and June–July of 1933. The historical explanation of this sudden explosion of deaths is critically examined, and a more comprehensive explanation is proposed. We show that the regional variations in these increases in losses are correlated with four factors: extensive household searches for grain with all food taken away in many instances, closing of inter-republic borders and limitation of internal travel by peasants, resistance to collectivization and grain requisitions and repressions, and the “nationality factor.” Analysis of the monthly dynamics of rural losses during the first half of 1933 suggests a possible independent confirmation of the hypothesis that during the searches for “hidden” or “stolen” grain, all food was taken away in many households.

scholarly journals Quantifying human vulnerability in rural areas: case study of Tutova Hills (Eastern Romania)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1987-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Stângă ◽  
A. Grozavu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Single Indicator ◽  
General Index ◽  
Very High

Abstract. This paper aims to assess the vulnerability at regional level, the model and the proposed indicators being explicitly intended for an essentially rural region, in this case–Tutova Hills (Eastern Romania). Five categories of variables were taken into account to define the vulnerability components: rural habitat, demographic features, agriculture, environmental quality and emergency situations. For each one, five variables were analyzed and ranked based on the level of determination or subordination. In order to ensure the flexibility of the model and to avoid the criteria duplication in assessing vulnerability, only a single indicator of each category was retained and included in analysis: total number of inhabitants, dependency ratio, weight of arable land on slope categories, weight of land under forestry and road accessibility of villages. The selected indicators were mathematically processed in order to maximize their relevance and to unitary express the results in the spread 0–1. Also, values of each indicator were grouped into four classes, corresponding to the level of vulnerability: low, medium, high and very high. A general index was obtained through the integration of vulnerability factors in an equation based on the geometric mean. Spatial analysis was based on features of the MicroImages TNTmips 7.3. software, which allow the vulnerability mapping. This approach argues and states that vulnerability assessment through indicator-based methods can be made only according to the level and scale of analysis and related to natural or human conditions of a region.

Technological Change at the Regional Level: The Role of Location, Firm Structure, and Strategy

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1565-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Tödtling
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Product Cycle ◽  
Firm Structure ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Firm Structures

Because of the increasing globalisation of the economy and reinforced competition, technological change has become an important factor in the restructuring process and in the competitive position of firms and regions. In this paper the author investigates to what extent the innovation process is differentiated across space and in particular how this process is shaped by the locational conditions as well as by the structures and strategies of firms in selected regions. To develop a framework for the analysis, contrasting views about the innovation process at the regional level are presented. In the traditional linear innovation model (product-cycle theory and innovation diffusion) relevant locational factors are stressed and an hierarchical pattern of innovation in space is arrived at. More recent approaches such as the evolutionary and network theories point to the relevance of historically evolved firm structures and strategies. The analysis of the Austrian case demonstrates that each of these models has a certain relevance. There was a pronounced differentiation of innovation across space, which was partly in line with the hierarchical model, such as a concentration of R&D and product innovation in the largest agglomerations. However, strong innovation activities, corresponding more with the evolutionary model, were in addition identified in newly industrialised or even in some of the peripheral rural areas. Structural and behavioural features of the firms, such as organisational characteristics (status, functions, and skills), the strategic orientation as well as network links, in addition to locational factors, were relevant for these patterns.

scholarly journals MARKETING INSTRUMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL TOURISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3(68)) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
E.L. MIHAILUK
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Natural Parks ◽  
Wide Range

Topicality. The article covers the issues of implementation of marketing tools for the development of the ecological direction of rural tourism. Tourism development can become a "catalyst" for economic growth in rural areas: tourism activity is attractive to small start-up investments, because for peasants who have very limited funds, this is a practically crucial moment; tourism is a profitable branch of economy with a high level of profitability, with a minimum payback period, which is very important for the quick income generation. Aim and tasks. The only way to solve systemic problems in the field of tourism is a strategically oriented state policy, the main task of which is to define tourism as one of the main priorities of the state, the introduction of economic and legal mechanisms for the successful conduct of tourism business, investment mechanisms for the development of tourism infrastructure, information and marketing activities with formation of tourist image of Ukraine. Research results. Results For the successful development of rural tourism and tourism in general in Ukraine, it is necessary to ensure the integrated development of territories, in particular the creation of favorable conditions for attracting investment in the development of tourism infrastructure by: monitoring investment proposals for the development of tourism infrastructure in the regions; preparation of a cathlass of investment projects in the field of tourism and resorts to represent potential domestic and foreign investors; the involvement of investment projects in the field of tourism and resorts in international fairs of investment projects. �wner village (guest) houses can not independently provide a wide range of leisure activities for their guests. Therefore, they need to cooperate with other structures that serve the guests of the village. Usually such partners are: � objects of community food (taverns, bars, roadside cafes); � owners of means of transport (traditional, retro options); � centers of folk crafts and crafts production; � artistic and ethno-folk groups; � municipal and private museums; � the administration of natural parks. Supporting the region in resource support: - cartographic and advertising-cartographic support, as a rule, is necessary at the level of the region (the only tourist area); - Information and advertising resources of the region (TV and other mass media, regional specialized sites, etc.); - training for tourism industry: effective coordination at the regional level; - Information and advisory support: effective organization at the regional level (including, with the involvement of external expertise, including international). Conclusions. In order to achieve the goals within the specified priority areas, it is necessary to ensure effective interaction of legal, organizational, economic and financial mechanisms of state regulation of tourism and resorts development. Prospects for rural tourism development in Ukraine appear to be potentially favorable given the presence of significant natural resources. �he flowering of rural recreation should take place under active cooperation with nature conservation institutions of a certain region (according to Article 9 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine", subject to compliance with the environmental protection regime established by this Law and other acts of Ukrainian legislation, provides use them for recreational and other recreational purposes). Ukraine has powerful natural and recreational opportunities, for example, five biosphere reserves, national natural parks: Carpathian, Hutsulshchyna, Vyzhnytsky, Yavorivsky.

scholarly journals Regional Ambassadors – An Innovative Element for the Development of Rural Areas?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Harfst ◽  
Patrick Pichler ◽  
Wolfgang Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Structurally Weak Regions

Abstract Rural regions in Austria have been under increasing pressure for change in the last decades. On a regional level, varying development patterns of shrinkage and growth arise alongside economic, demographic and social parameters. In this paper, regional ambassador concepts will be explicated as a new instrument of regional development. Additionally, potential positive impacts of these approaches on the problems faced by rural, structurally weak regions will be highlighted. Notable advantages of these approaches are network and feedback effects between stakeholders. These, in turn, are capable of improving the economic and social situation in those regions. However, these measures require a high degree of control capacities which structurally weak areas often lack.

scholarly journals Conception of multifunctional rural areas regional development

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (95) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
P. M. Muzyka ◽  
L. V. Goncharenko ◽  
D. O. Solomonko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Cluster Development ◽  
Business Support ◽  
Smart Specialization

Priorities of conception of regional rural areas multifunctional development are revealed in the article. Experience in European Union countries and European Green Deal policy is taken into account  for rural areas development in regional level. Priorities of sustainable development policy in rural areas and regional agri-food industry are certainly in ground  of strategy development due to cluster initiatives in the Lviv Region. Certainly priorities and advantages of cluster development strategy in rural areas recognition experience and prospects of transborder cooperation initiative. Possibility in farms economic development providing is examined within the framework of clusters for achievement of synergy effect and positive influence on the economic, ecological and social sphere in region. Cluster conception of development is realized in the Lviv Region  allowed to provide economic support of farms, develop infrastructural ecosystem of business support and complex to define priorities of multifunctional rural areas  development in regional level. Perspective directions of integrated development of craft food producers within the framework in regional clusters at the level of counties in Lviv Area are grounded. Offered approach of institutional development in regional level with the purpose of multifunctional rural areas development with balance between  economy, ecological and social constituents within the framework to the cluster for realization of farms competitive edges during the correct keeping of products in the internal market. Certainly priorities of state business support in regional agri-food  industry during realization of cluster development initiatives and measures of stimulant influence are for providing modernization changes on principles of Smart Specialization.

Economic Impact and Current Results of Urbanization

2018 ◽  
pp. 996-1013
Author(s):  
Raeni Dwi Santy ◽  
Refi Mayasari Buhari
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Urbanization Development ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Control

The growth of the urban population in Indonesia is commonly fast due to permanently inclinig urbanization flows. This chapter considers the most important factors of Indonesian urbanization and its positive and negative effects in current conditions to discover directions for modernization of the governmental role in regulation and control of urbanization processes. Special issues of this chapter are concentrated around the problem of urbanization's role in development of Indonesia (national and regional level), national labor and internal migration policy, and niveling disbalance between urban and rural areas. Finally, this chapter includes special conclusions and reccommendations for modernization of national and regonal programs oriented to optimise internal conditions of urbanization development in Indonesia that are based on the best achievements of international experience and use local Indonesian features of urbanization.

Safety and Corporative Communications in Rural Accommodation Facilities Located in Rural Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 526-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janka Beresecka ◽  
Jaroslav Kapusniak
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Tourism Enterprises

Slovak landscape becomes visible in terms of tourism with the mark of a butterfly with spread wings. With the small wings the authors would like to express the size of the country and those big, huge potential, which is located in this area. The general professional public as well as development of economic indicators suggests that this potential is untapped. The paper is aimed to identify barriers of the development of small and medium-sized tourism enterprises providing services in rural areas, which may use this potential significantly. Then to define criteria and identify rural accommodation facilities, because of these reasons, there was limited ability to provide non-repayable foreign financial resources from the Structural Funds. A part of this work is to identify the problems with the size of these enterprises and to define the expected assistance from authorities at regional level, also in the field of fire protection.

COMPATIBILITY OF ALLOCATION OF CAP STRUCTURAL FUNDS WITH REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (5) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Walenty Poczta ◽  
Patrycja Beba
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The objective of the research was to examine whether the current distribution Common Agricultural Policy structural funds (second pillar of CAP) between different objectives in particular macroregions corresponds to the regional differentiation of rural areas and agriculture in Poland. Policy objectives were identified according to RDP 2014-2020 priorities. Six macroregions have been adopted at regional level NUTS-1. In order to determine whether the directions of distribution correspond to regional variation, the linear correlation coefficient was calculated. The coefficient describes the correlation between synthetic variables describing the level of rural and agricultural development in macroregions of Poland and regional allocations of funds for rural development and agriculture in Poland in the years 2004-2013 according to the RDP 2014-2020 priorities. The results show the presence of moderate linear dependence or lack of it between the variables tested. This means that the previous division of CAP structural funds only partially took into account the regional differentiation of rural and agricultural areas.

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