scholarly journals Preliminary information on parasitization rates and larval survival of Metaphycus helvolus Comp. and Metaphycus lounsburyi How., parasites of Saissetia oleae Olivier, under laboratory conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Μ. V. Macropodi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Life Duration ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Saissetia Oleae

Parasitization rates and larval mortality of M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi parasites of S. oleae were studied under laboratory conditions. Mean life duration of M. helvolus, under temperature 23±1oC and relative humidity 65-70%, was found to be 8.4 days. Only a relatively small proportion of the individuals of S. oleae was parasitized, but the greater proportion of the larvae of the parasite was successfully developed to the adult stage. Mean life duration of M. lounsburyi, under temperature 19±1oC and relative humidity 65-70%, was found to be 10.2 days. Oviposition of M. lounsburyi occurred at a much higher rate but the fact that several eggs were usually laid per S. oleae individual greatly reduced the proportion of the parasitic larvae which developed to the adult stage.

scholarly journals Amblyomma nodosum (Neumann, 1899): observations on life cycle under laboratory conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele da Costa Pinheiro ◽  
Elizabete Captivo Lourenço ◽  
Iwine Joyce Barbosa de Sá-Hungaro ◽  
Kátia Maria Famadas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Natural Hosts

The natural hosts of Amblyomma nodosum in the immature stages are a variety of birds and the anteater in the adult stage. However, so far no data have been published about this tick’s life cycle. To fill this gap, a record was made of its development under laboratory conditions. All the procedures were controlled in a BOD chamber set at 27±1 °C and 80±10% relative humidity and scotophase. The parasitic stages were raised on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758), from which more than 50% of larvae and nymphs were recovered, although only a small portion performed ecdysis. The adults did not fixed on the rabbits, which suggests that the experimental conditions were unsuitable for the requirements of this species. The data obtained here indicate that A. nodosum is highly dependent on its host and environment whereas under laboratory conditions and host chosen for the study was not obtained satisfactory results and new studies with different hosts and new environmental conditions should be elaborated.

INDUCTION AND TERMINATION OF DIAPAUSE IN WYEOMYIA SMITHII (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE), AND LARVAL SURVIVAL STUDIES AT LOW AND SUBZERO TEMPERATURES

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1937-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Evans ◽  
R. A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Wyeomyia Smithii ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Critical Daylength ◽  
Survival Studies

AbstractDiapause in Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) was shown to be a function of photoperiod, and independent of temperature. The critical daylength for a population from Pinawa, Man., was 15 hr light per diem. The photoperiodic cues are monitored by the early instars, with diapause being expressed in the third instar. Development is also limited by temperatures below 15 °C even when the critical daylength is exceeded.Survival at low and subzero temperatures is aided by the diapause state. However, larvae are unable to withstand extended periods of subzero temperatures, even in the diapause condition. At −5 °C, 60% mortality occurred after 8 weeks under laboratory conditions. In the field, where ground temperatures averaged −3.7 °C during the five coldest months, larval mortality averaged 45% after four winter months.Once diapause is established, larvae consume very little food. Diapause larvae appear to be as active as non-diapause larvae, and also appear to be feeding constantly. However, the amount of food ingested is negligible compared to non-diapause larvae.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Imidacloprid and Diafenthiuron to Chrysoperla Carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Laboratory Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gnanadhas Preetha ◽  
Johnson Stanley ◽  
Thiagarajan Chandrasekaran ◽  
Sasthakutty Kuttalam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Toxicity of Imidacloprid and Diafenthiuron toChrysoperla Carnea(Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Laboratory ConditionsInsecticides are unavoidable in pest management programs especially when the pest crosses Econimic Threshold Level (ETL). Nevertheless, often the plant protection products kill the natural enemy population making the pest to resurge and thus demanding more sprays. Therefore, insecticides used in IPM programs should be selective enough to spare the beneficials. Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the toxicity of imidacloprid and diafenthiuron to the eggs, larvae and adults ofChrysoperla carnea.Imidacloprid at the recommended dose of 0.28 ml/l caused 15.38% egg mortality, 26.67 and 33.33% larval mortality by ingestion and contact, respectively and 50.00% adult mortality. The egg mortality was about 15.38% and larval mortality of 23.33% and adult mortality of 26.67% was caused by diafenthiuron. Based on the classification given by IOBC/WPRS working group on Pesticides and non-target invertebrates, both the insecticides were classified as harmless toC. carnea, since the recommended dose caused less than 50% mortality in the laboratory conditions.

DISINFESTATION OF MANGOES HADEN IN-FESTED BY Anastrepha fraterculus (WIED., 1830) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE), WITH GAMMA RADIATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus

The objective of experiment was determinate the radiation dose for disinfestation to mango Mangifera indica cv. Haden, infested by Anastrepha fraterculus larvae. For realization of the experiment, were collected fruits in the field, which were taking to Entomology laboratory where there was a infestation by the flies in cages during 72 hours period. Waited for the development of the larvae and before 5 – 8 days to infestation, the mangos were irradiated in a Cobalt-60 source with doses of: 0(control), 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1.100, 1.200 and 1.300 Gy. After the irradiation, the fruits were placed in climate chamber with 25 ±5°C of temperature and 70±5% of relative humidity, posteriorly waited the larvae exit to out of the fruit until the transformation in pupae and posteriorly in adult stage. By the results obtained our can concluded that the lethal dose to larvae in mangoes infested with 5-8 days after infestation were 600 Gy and 1.000 Gy (0.6 and 1 kGy) respectively. The dose of 50 Gy prevented the total adult emergence for both treatments. 

scholarly journals Densidade de fêmeas de Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) por pupa de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizangela Leite Vargas ◽  
Fabricio Fagundes Pereira ◽  
Vanessa Rodrigues Ferreira Calado ◽  
Daniele Fabiana Glaeser ◽  
Bruna Aparecida Cáceres Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Glass Tubes

Density of parasitoid females affects their capacity to develop within the host. The number of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females per pupa of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was adjusted to study the effect of parasitoid production in the laboratory. Host pupae were parasitised by females of T. diatraeae at densities of 1:1, 7:1, 14:1, 21:1, 28:1 and 35:1 (parasitoid:host). The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 h in glass tubes (8.5 × 2.5 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 2ºC, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and light regime of 14 h. The percentage of parasitism and emergence of T. diatraeae on pupae of D. saccharalis was 100% in all parasitoid densities. The length of thr cycle (egg-adult) of Trichospilus diatraeae was 19.25 ± 0.22 days at a density of 1:1 and 17.00 ± 0.00 days at 35:1. The offspring number of T. diatraeae was 106.00 ± 12.38 and 514.67 ± 54.55 individuals per pupa at densities of 1:1 and 35:1, respectively. The sex ratio decreased with increasing density, ranging between 0.97 ± 0.01 and 0.89 ± 0.01 at densities of 1:1 and 35:1, respectively. The percentages of parasitism and emergence of T. diatraeae on pupae of D. saccharalis were not affected by the densities of female parasitoids. The densities of 14 to 21 females of T. diatraeae per pupa of D. saccharalis are suitable for rearing this parasitoid under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of plant protection products on Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in laboratory

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara dos Santos ◽  
Valdemir Albuquerque da Silva Júnior ◽  
Sonia Maria Forti Broglio ◽  
Aldomario Santo Negrisoli Junior ◽  
Elio Cesar Guzzo
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Early Instar

ABSTRACT: With the aim of developing tools for simultaneously managing Rhynchophorus palmarum and the coconut stem bleeding disease, we evaluated the effects of the insecticide thiamethoxam and the fungicide cyproconazole on R. palmarum larvae under laboratory conditions. Early-instar and intermediate-instar larvae were fed on an artificial diet containing 0.1% concentration of insecticide, fungicide or a mixture of both. Larval mortality was assessed daily during the 48 hours after the application of the treatments. Mean mortality values were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Thiamethoxam caused mortality of 100% of early-instar and 90% of intermediate-instar larvae. In contrast, mortality was significantly lower in the cyproconazole treatment (60% for early-instar and 0% for intermediate-instar larvae) and the control (0% mortality for both treatments). The insecticide/fungicide mixture was equally effective (100% for early-instar and 86.67% for intermediate-instar larvae) to the insecticide only treatment. Differences in mortality between early-instar and intermediate-instar larvae were significant only for the thiamethoxam and cyproconazole treatments. These results indicate that, for the doses used here, thiamethoxam is toxic to both early-instar and intermediate-instar larvae, while cyproconazole is toxic just to early-instar larvae. Moreover, cyproconazole does not increase the toxicity of thiamethoxam. Early-instar larvae are more sensitive to thiamethoxam and cyproconazole than intermediate-instar larvae. We conclude that thiamethoxam + cyproconazole mixture may be effective for managing R. palmarum and associated fungal diseases on coconut palms.

scholarly journals Biology of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae), under laboratory conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. TESTON ◽  
A. SPECHT ◽  
E. CORSEUIL
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Larvae of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Noctuidae) feed upon many grasses and may be harmful to cereals and fodder of economic importance. This study was developed aiming to contribute to knowledge of the biology of this species. The rearing was done in an environmental chamber with the following settings: temperature of 25 ± 1ºC; relative humidity of 70% <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 10%, and photoperiod of L14: D10. The larvae fed on ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. The results express the mean and standard error for the length of every stage in days. For each stage we observed the following time of development: egg 3.2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.09; larvae 18.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.07; pre-pupae 3.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.04; pupae 12.6 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14; and adult longevity was 12.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 1.03. Also the pre-egg-laying period was 4.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.59; the egg-laying period was 8.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.84; and the post-egg-laying period was 0.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14. The mean number of egg-laying cycles per female was 6.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.73; that of eggs per cycle was 77.5 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 4.37; and total eggs per female was 521.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 47.36.

Description of life cycle and preimaginal stages of Alecton discoidalis Laporte, 1833 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) under laboratory conditions

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4816 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORMAILY MADRUGA ◽  
MARC A. BRANHAM
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
General Body ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
Terrestrial Snails ◽  
Western Half

Alecton discoidalis Laporte, 1833 is the most widespread species of the only firefly genus endemic to Cuba. It is commonly found in limestone landscapes across the western half of the country. Larvae of A. discoidalis were collected at Pan de Matanzas and reared through the adult stage under laboratory conditions. Larvae were fed mainly terrestrial snails from the families Potamiidae and Helicinidae. Alecton discoidalis underwent between four and eight larval instars. Females had more larval instars than males likely due to the need to gain more body mass for egg production. Eggs, larvae and pupae are described and illustrated, with emphasis on general body shape, as well as details of the larval head, antennae and mouthparts. Alecton discoidalis females are both brachypterous and physogastric. 

The fisheries management implications of maternal-age-dependent larval survival

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2249-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R O'Farrell ◽  
Louis W Botsford
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Black Rockfish

A common goal of conventional fisheries management is to maintain fishing mortality at a rate that ensures an adequate level of lifetime egg production (LEP) for population sustainability. However, larvae from young spawners can experience higher mortality rates than larvae of older spawners, reducing the effect of egg production by young females (hereafter, maternal age effects). This reduction leads to an error in LEP that can be accounted for by reducing the fishing mortality rate, but raises the question of the magnitude of these errors if they are present but not accounted for. Calculations using parameters from a typical long-lived fish demonstrated that maternal age effects resulted in large errors in estimates of lifetime reproduction when there was a large contrast in the larval mortality rate extending over the reproductive life span. Errors were small when maternal age effects reduced the reproductive potential of only the very youngest spawners, at ages when a small fraction of females are mature. A specific example using the empirically derived maternal age effect for black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) indicated that errors in traditional management would be small for this species.

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