scholarly journals Age - related behaviour on individually caged rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KATSAROU (Α. ΚΑΤΣΑΡΟΥ) ◽  
A. TSIRONI (Α. ΤΣΙΡΩΝΗ) ◽  
M. SERAFETINIDOU (Μ. ΣΕΡΑΦΕΤΙΝΙΔΟΥ) ◽  
C. VOYAZAKI (Χ. ΒΟΓΙΑΤΖΑΚΗ) ◽  
V. BAUMANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Enrichment Programs ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Enrichment Program ◽  
Group A

Housing conditions and environmental enrichment of individually caged laboratory rabbits is of great importance for the welfare of the animals and the quality of the experimental results. In order to improve the design of existing environmental enrichment programs for laboratory rabbits, considerable knowledge of the behavioural needs of this species is necessary. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this study was to monitor and analyze the behaviour of juvenile and young adult rabbits in order to establish whether there are any age-dependent differences in grooming, rearing, sniffing, eating, drinking and gnawing. 12 NZW rabbits were divided into two groups: group A consisted of six 6-month-old rabbits (young adults) and group Β consisted of six 2-month-old rabbits (juvenile). All animals were already housed for more than twenty days under the same conditions in the animal facility. Both groups of rabbits were video-recorded between 06:00h - 18:00h for four consecutive days. The frequency of each behaviour was determined and compared in the two groups of rabbits from the video recordings. The frequencies of grooming, eating and gnawing in the young rabbits were significantly greater than those in the older rabbits (p<0.05). No statistical differences were found between the two groups for rearing, sniffing and drinking. From these results, we concluded that even small age differences should be taken into account when designing an environmental enrichment program for individually caged rabbits.

scholarly journals Effects of Enclosure and Environmental Enrichment on the Behaviour of Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Daan W. Laméris ◽  
Jonas Verspeek ◽  
Arno Depoortere ◽  
Lise Plessers ◽  
Marina Salas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Lemur Catta ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Enrichment Programs ◽  
Outdoor Enclosure ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Environmental enrichment is widely used to improve the quality of life of animals under human care. To successfully implement enrichment programs, it is important to evaluate their effect in different enclosure types since housing conditions may change depending on external factors, such as husbandry, management, or seasonal variation. This study investigates how ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) behaviour changes with the availability of enrichment items and the type of enclosure the animals are housed in. Through observations, we compared the behaviour of the lemurs in an indoor and outdoor enclosure, both without and with enrichment items. Although we observed enrichment effects, we found that enclosure type had a bigger effect on the lemurs’ behaviour. Additionally, behavioural changes induced by enrichment items differed between indoor and outdoor enclosures. These results indicate that the effectiveness of enrichment items may depend on the enclosure in which they are provided and consequently suggest that the impact of these programs should not be generalised over enclosure types. This highlights that the evaluation of environmental enrichment programs remains important when optimising zoo animal welfare.

Kinetic studies of the Na+-K+-ATPase enzyme system in brain and heart of aging rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. R850-R855
Author(s):  
L. B. Poole ◽  
M. S. Liu ◽  
P. W. Landfield
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Atpase System ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Ouabain Inhibition

Kinetic analyses of the Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) system were performed in brain and heart preparations from young mature (4 mo old) and healthy aged (25 mo old) rats. The K+-activated p-nitrophenylphosphatase (K+-pNPPase) method was used to assess activity of the enzyme system. Ouabain inhibition of K+-pNPPase activity was also examined. A significant age-related decrease in maximal velocity (Vmax) was found in cardiac K+-pNPPase activity, but no changes were seen in the K+ concentration for half-maximal velocity (K0.5). No age differences in Vmax or K0.5 were seen for brain. No differences in ouabain inhibition were found in either brain or heart. In a second experiment, the major component of the age-related decline in cardiac K+-pNPPase activity was found to occur between 5 and 14 mo of age, a period during which plasma thyroxine had previously been found to decline in the same animals. Since peripheral Na+-K+-ATPase activity is partly thyroid hormone dependent, the age-dependent decrease in cardiac enzyme activity appears to be secondary to neuroendocrine changes.

scholarly journals Age differences in retrieval-related reinstatement reflect age-related dedifferentiation at encoding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Hill ◽  
Danielle R. King ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Age Independent

AbstractAge-related reductions in neural specificity have been linked to cognitive decline. We examined whether age differences in specificity of retrieval-related cortical reinstatement could be explained by analogous differences at encoding, and whether reinstatement was associated with memory performance in an age-dependent or age-independent manner. Young and older adults underwent fMRI as they encoded words paired with images of faces or scenes. During a subsequent scanned memory test participants judged whether test words were studied or unstudied and, for words judged studied, also made a source memory judgment about the associated image category. Using multi-voxel pattern analyses, we identified a robust age-related decline in scene reinstatement. This decline was fully explained by age differences in neural differentiation at encoding. These results suggest that, regardless of age, the specificity with which events are neurally processed at the time of encoding determines the fidelity of cortical reinstatement at retrieval.

scholarly journals MODES OF USE OF THE CELL PHONE AND HEALTH OF SCHOOLCHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Vyatleva ◽  
A. M. Kurgansky
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The broad spread of cell phones (CP) among schoolchildren and the absence of age standards for their safe use determined the purpose of the study: to reveal the regimens of CP use, critical for the health of children and adolescents. Material and methods. In a cross-sectional study in 2008-2010, by the questionnaire data of 2,137 schoolchildren aged 6-15 years there was assessed the impact of CP usage indices (daily number of calls - CN, call duration - CD, and total daily duration of calls - TCDD) on health (the incidence of headaches and sleep disorders, number of colds). Student and Mann-Whitney criteria and assessment of relative risks were used. Results. The study revealed age-dependent critical values of usage indices (in 6-10 years: CN=2, TCDD=6 minutes.; in 11-13 years: CN=6; in 14-15 years CN=6, CD=3 minutes., TCDD=4 -10 min.), the exceeding of which due to risks: in 6-10 years - to have more than 4 colds a year (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.09-4.62); in 11-13 years to have several headaches per week (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12-2.30); in 14-15 years - to have several headaches (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.27-2.54) and several sleep disorders (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17-2.37) per week. Discussion. Age differences in critical modes of CP use and in health violations, as well as the importance of radiation intensity are discussed. Conclusions. Age-related CP use regimens, critical for health, were established. It was shown the need to develop more precise age criteria for safe CP use with taking into account a wider range of health indicators and radiation intensity.

scholarly journals Reproductive Aging of African Catfish in Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00110
Author(s):  
Vaselina Lyubomirova ◽  
Elena Romanova ◽  
Vasily Romanov ◽  
Ludmila Shadieva
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Selection Of

The work is devoted to the study of reproductive aging of African catfish in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. The problem is urgent, because industrial aquaculture changes the biology of African catfish so much that it loses its ability to reproduce naturally. The offspring of African catfish can be obtained only with the use of hormonal inducers of gametogenesis. Questions of age selection of producers and age composition of breeding stock in this type of fish are still open. In practice, we have to face the facts of poor quality of sexual products in primary spawning or old females and males. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of age-related variability of reproductive properties of female and male African catfish in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. The results of our study showed the presence of age-related dynamics in the quality of sexual products in African catfish. Age-dependent differences in the quality and fertilization of eggs, the viability of embryos and larvae, their size, and the quality of offspring were established. When studying the properties of sexual products in fish of different ages, differences in morphometric and physiological parameters were found for a complex of indicators such as the size and diameter of eggs, sperm concentration, and the number of viable spermatozoa. Evaluation of the influence of parents age on the viability of offspring in the embryonic and postembryonic periods revealed that this indicator is the lowest in first – spawning fish, and the highest in middle-aged fish. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has supported our study with the grant No. 18-416-730005.

scholarly journals Adenylate Nucleotides and 2,3-Biphosphoglycerate Concentration in Erythrocytes of Growing Wielkopolska Stallions

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Suska ◽  
E. Skotnicka ◽  
W. Dudzińska ◽  
W. Orowicz ◽  
M. Brzezinska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
Group D

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the concentrations of adenylate nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP), total nucleotide pool (TAN), adenylate energy charge (AEC) and 2,3-biphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in the erythrocytes of young horses in the period of their rapid growth and development. The studies were conducted on 10 young Wielkopolska breed stallions for two years; Group A: 1-month-old, Group B: 3-month-old, Group C: 6-month-old, Group D: 1-year-old, and Group E: 2-year-old. ATP, ADP and AMP concentrations in the erythrocytes were determined by HPLC. 2,3-BPG was determined using the Calbiochem USA kit. We observed that erythrocyte ATP, ADP, AMP and TAN concentrations significantly decreased with age (p < 0.001), while 2,3-BPG concentration and AEC values significantly increased with age. A significant correlation between the ATP and TAN concentrations was found within all the examined groups (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was also found between ATP concentration and AEC values (except 12 month-old stallions). Moreover, an age-dependent negative correlation between ATP and 2,3-BPG (r = -0.81) was found. The conclusion is that the adenylate energy charge and erythrocyte 2,3-BPG variables in the Wielkopolska stallions mainly depend on age, thus warranting the use of specific age-related reference values for this breed's foals.

ARYLHYDROCARBON RECEPTOR NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR () IN HUMAN SKIN DURING AGING

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
А. Г. Гунин ◽  
Н. Н. Голубцова ◽  
Н. К. Корнилова
Keyword(s):  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Human Dermis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Arylhydrocarbon Receptor

Целью настоящей работы стало исследование содержания ядерного транслокатора арил-гидрокарбонового рецептора ( ARNT ) в фибробластах дермы человека от 20 нед беременности до 85 лет, а также определение значения ARNT для возрастных изменений численности фибробластов в дерме человека. ARNT , ядерный антиген пролиферирующих клеток ( PCNA ) выявляли в срезах кожи непрямым иммуногистохимическим методом. Результаты показали, что доля фибробластов дермы с положительной окраской на ARNT постепенно снижается от 20 нед беременности до 40 лет. С 41 года происходит резкое увеличение доли фибробластов дермы с положительной окраской на ARNT, достигая максимума в возрастной группе 61-85 лет. Общее количество и доля PCNA -положительных фибробластов в дерме уменьшается с возрастом, наиболее значимо - с антенатального периода до 40 лет. Возрастные изменения содержания ARNT в фибробластах дермы статистически не связаны с возрастным уменьшением численности общего количества и процента PCNA -положительных фибробластов в дерме. The aim of this work was to examine the content of arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator ( ARNT ) in fibroblasts of human dermis from 20 weeks of pregnancy until 85 years old, and defining of a role of ARNT in age-dependent changes in the number of fibroblasts in the dermis. ARNT , proliferating cells nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) were detected with indirect immunohistochemical technique. Results showed that a portion of fibroblasts with positive staining for ARNT in the dermis is decreased from 20 weeks of pregnancy to 40 years old. Percent of ARNT positive fibroblasts in dermis is increased sufficiently since 41 year old until 60-85 years old group. A total number and percent of PCNA positive fibroblasts in dermis decreased with progression of age. Most sufficient age-dependent reduction in a total and PCNA positive number of dermal fibroblast was observed from antenatal until 40 years of life. Age-related changes in the content of ARNT in fibroblasts is not associated with an age-related decrease in total number and percent of PCNA positive fibroblasts the dermis.

scholarly journals Εvaluation of an environmental enrichment device used for laboratory rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
N. KOSTOMITSOPOULOS (Ν. ΚΩΣΤΟΜΗΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
M. SERAFETINIDOU (Μ. ΣΕΡΑΦΕΤΙΝΙΔΟΥ) ◽  
A. KATSAROU (Α. ΚΑΤΣΑΡΟΥ) ◽  
C. VOYAZAKI (Χ. ΒΟΓΙΑΤΖΑΚΗ) ◽  
I. DONTAS (Ι. ΔΟΝΤΑ)
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
International Laboratory ◽  
Acclimatization Period ◽  
Familiarization Period ◽  
Resting Period ◽  
Observation Period

Improving the housing conditions of individually caged laboratory rabbits using environmental enrichment devices is a source of concern in the scientific community and is encouraged in the guidelines of the local and international laboratory animal associations and national regulations. In this report, we inform on the results of an investigation whose aim was to evaluate the use of a commercially available shelter as an enrichment device for six individually caged rabbits (mean body weight 2.5 Kg) during their resting period. After an acclimatization period of five days in an animal room, a commercially available enrichment device, the Rabbit Hut (BioServ, New Jersey, USA), was introduced into every cage. After a 3-day familiarization period, the interactions of the rabbits with the device were video recorded for 12 hours during the light phase (06:00 – 18:00) on five consecutive days. Each rabbit’s interaction with the device was monitored and analyzed from the video recordings. We found that the rabbits used the enrichment device in different ways, which included passing through the device, staying under the device, gnawing the device, pulling and dragging the device using their teeth, and playing with the device. We also found that the rabbits mainly interacted with the device during the first two hours (06:00 – 08:00) and last four hours (14:00 – 18:00) of each 12-hour observation period of the 5-day investigation. Although the Rabbit Hut is marketed as an environmental enrichment item that could be used as a shelter for individually caged laboratory rabbits, our analysis of the interactions of individually caged  laboratory rabbits with the device has generated new questions about the usefulness of the device and its benefit for the rabbits. However, further investigation is needed to clarify whether some of the expressed interactions indicate curiosity, interest or frustration with the item.

scholarly journals Age Differences In Retrieval-Related Reinstatement Reflect Age-Related Dedifferentiation At Encoding

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F Hill ◽  
Danielle R King ◽  
Michael D Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Neural Selectivity ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Robust Evidence

Abstract Age-related reductions in neural selectivity have been linked to cognitive decline. We examined whether age differences in the strength of retrieval-related cortical reinstatement could be explained by analogous differences in neural selectivity at encoding, and whether reinstatement was associated with memory performance in an age-dependent or an age-independent manner. Young and older adults underwent fMRI as they encoded words paired with images of faces or scenes. During a subsequent scanned memory test participants judged whether test words were studied or unstudied and, for words judged studied, also made a source memory judgment about the associated image category. Using multi-voxel pattern similarity analyses, we identified robust evidence for reduced scene reinstatement in older relative to younger adults. This decline was however largely explained by age differences in neural differentiation at encoding; moreover, a similar relationship between neural selectivity at encoding and retrieval was evident in young participants. The results suggest that, regardless of age, the selectivity with which events are neurally processed at the time of encoding can determine the strength of retrieval-related cortical reinstatement.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

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