scholarly journals Reproductive Aging of African Catfish in Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00110
Author(s):  
Vaselina Lyubomirova ◽  
Elena Romanova ◽  
Vasily Romanov ◽  
Ludmila Shadieva
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Selection Of

The work is devoted to the study of reproductive aging of African catfish in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. The problem is urgent, because industrial aquaculture changes the biology of African catfish so much that it loses its ability to reproduce naturally. The offspring of African catfish can be obtained only with the use of hormonal inducers of gametogenesis. Questions of age selection of producers and age composition of breeding stock in this type of fish are still open. In practice, we have to face the facts of poor quality of sexual products in primary spawning or old females and males. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of age-related variability of reproductive properties of female and male African catfish in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. The results of our study showed the presence of age-related dynamics in the quality of sexual products in African catfish. Age-dependent differences in the quality and fertilization of eggs, the viability of embryos and larvae, their size, and the quality of offspring were established. When studying the properties of sexual products in fish of different ages, differences in morphometric and physiological parameters were found for a complex of indicators such as the size and diameter of eggs, sperm concentration, and the number of viable spermatozoa. Evaluation of the influence of parents age on the viability of offspring in the embryonic and postembryonic periods revealed that this indicator is the lowest in first – spawning fish, and the highest in middle-aged fish. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has supported our study with the grant No. 18-416-730005.

scholarly journals Age - related behaviour on individually caged rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KATSAROU (Α. ΚΑΤΣΑΡΟΥ) ◽  
A. TSIRONI (Α. ΤΣΙΡΩΝΗ) ◽  
M. SERAFETINIDOU (Μ. ΣΕΡΑΦΕΤΙΝΙΔΟΥ) ◽  
C. VOYAZAKI (Χ. ΒΟΓΙΑΤΖΑΚΗ) ◽  
V. BAUMANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Enrichment Programs ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Enrichment Program ◽  
Group A

Housing conditions and environmental enrichment of individually caged laboratory rabbits is of great importance for the welfare of the animals and the quality of the experimental results. In order to improve the design of existing environmental enrichment programs for laboratory rabbits, considerable knowledge of the behavioural needs of this species is necessary. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this study was to monitor and analyze the behaviour of juvenile and young adult rabbits in order to establish whether there are any age-dependent differences in grooming, rearing, sniffing, eating, drinking and gnawing. 12 NZW rabbits were divided into two groups: group A consisted of six 6-month-old rabbits (young adults) and group Β consisted of six 2-month-old rabbits (juvenile). All animals were already housed for more than twenty days under the same conditions in the animal facility. Both groups of rabbits were video-recorded between 06:00h - 18:00h for four consecutive days. The frequency of each behaviour was determined and compared in the two groups of rabbits from the video recordings. The frequencies of grooming, eating and gnawing in the young rabbits were significantly greater than those in the older rabbits (p<0.05). No statistical differences were found between the two groups for rearing, sniffing and drinking. From these results, we concluded that even small age differences should be taken into account when designing an environmental enrichment program for individually caged rabbits.

scholarly journals Interventions to improve the quality of cataract services: protocol for a global scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036413
Author(s):  
Miho Yoshizaki ◽  
Jacqueline Ramke ◽  
João M Furtado ◽  
Helen Burn ◽  
Stephen Gichuhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Full Text Review

IntroductionCataract is the leading cause of blindness globally and a major cause of vision impairment. Cataract surgery is an efficacious intervention that usually restores vision. Although it is one of the most commonly conducted surgical interventions worldwide, good quality services (from being detected with operable cataract to undergoing surgery and receiving postoperative care) are not universally accessible. Poor quality understandably reduces the willingness of people with operable cataract to undergo surgery. Therefore, it is critical to improve the quality of care to subsequently reduce vision loss from cataract. This scoping review aims to summarise the nature and extent of the published literature on interventions to improve the quality of services for primary age-related cataract globally.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health for peer-reviewed manuscripts published since 1990, with no language, geographic or study design restrictions. To define quality, we have used the elements adopted by the WHO—effectiveness, safety, people-centredness, timeliness, equity, integration and efficiency—to which we have added the element of planetary health. We will exclude studies focused on the technical aspects of the surgical procedure and studies that only involve children (<18 years). Two reviewers will screen all titles/abstracts independently, followed by a full-text review of potentially relevant articles. For included articles, data regarding publication characteristics, study details and quality-related outcomes will be extracted by two reviewers independently. Results will be synthesised narratively and presented visually using a spider chart.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not sought, as our review will only include published and publicly accessible information. We will publish our findings in an open-access peer-reviewed journal and develop an accessible summary of the results for website posting. A summary of the results will be included in the ongoing Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health.Registration detailsOpen Science Framework (https://osf.io/8gktz).

scholarly journals Some Current Issues of Legal and Organizational Support of Local Self-Government

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
Imperfect System ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of some issues of legal and organizational support of local self-government is highlighted. In the research general and special methods were applied: systemic, comparative legal, formal-logical, etc., which allowed consider-ing the limited volume of the article to approach the stated research problems in the most complex way. On the basis of analysis of norms of the modern legislation, law-enforcement practice, and also the experience of work in local governments the author defines four problems of modern legal support of local government and its organization which are significantly hindering the development of this form of democracy. These are the unreasonable dynamism of the legislation on local government, establishment of excessive and unreasonable dispositive norms, poor quality of municipal law-making, imperfect system of selection of personnel for municipal service. The author proposes legislative and law enforcement ways to solve the mentioned problems. This, in turn, should contribute to improving the level of guarantee of local self-government and the implementation of the Article 12 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The connection between the dynamic remodeling of the mitochondrial network and the regulation of muscle mass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanina Romanello ◽  
Marco Sandri
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Mitochondrial Network ◽  
Dynamic Coordination ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscle Changes ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The dynamic coordination of processes controlling the quality of the mitochondrial network is crucial to maintain the function of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Changes of mitochondrial proteolytic system, dynamics (fusion/fission), and mitophagy induce pathways that affect muscle mass and performance. When muscle mass is lost, the risk of disease onset and premature death is dramatically increased. For instance, poor quality of muscles correlates with the onset progression of several age-related disorders such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, and aging sarcopenia. To date, there are no drug therapies to reverse muscle loss, and exercise remains the best approach to improve mitochondrial health and to slow atrophy in several diseases. This review will describe the principal mechanisms that control mitochondrial quality and the pathways that link mitochondrial dysfunction to muscle mass regulation.

scholarly journals Nuss procedure for Pectus excavatum repair: critical appraisal of the evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizete de Almeida Araújo ◽  
Anderson da Paz Penha ◽  
Fernando Luiz Westphal ◽  
Marcus Tolentino Silva ◽  
Taís Freire Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Pectus Excavatum ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Nuss Procedure ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of correction of pectus excavatum by the Nuss technique based on the available scientific evidence.Methods: We conducted an evidence synthesis following systematic processes of search, selection, extraction and critical appraisal. Outcomes were classified by importance and had their quality assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).Results: The process of selection of items led to the inclusion of only one systematic review, which synthesized the results of nine observational studies comparing the Nuss and Ravitch procedures. The evidence found was rated as poor and very poor quality. The Nuss procedure has increased the incidence of hemothorax (RR = 5.15; 95% CI: 1.07; 24.89), pneumothorax (RR = 5.26; 95% CI: 1.55; 17.92) and the need for reintervention (RR = 4.88; 95% CI: 2.41; 9.88) when compared to the Ravitch. There was no statistical difference between the two procedures in outcomes: general complications, blood transfusion, hospital stay and time to ambulation. The Nuss operation was faster than the Ravitch (mean difference [MD] = -69.94 minutes, 95% CI: -139.04, -0.83).Conclusion: In the absence of well-designed prospective studies to clarify the evidence, especially in terms of aesthetics and quality of life, surgical indication should be individualized and the choice of the technique based on patient preference and experience of the team.

Risk Factors for Poor Quality of Life among Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 772-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irini Chatziralli ◽  
Panagiotis Mitropoulos ◽  
Efstratios Parikakis ◽  
Dimitrios Niakas ◽  
Georgios Labiris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related

Research on Clustering Analysis Based on SOM

2013 ◽  
Vol 475-476 ◽  
pp. 968-971
Author(s):  
Hai Xue Liu ◽  
Rui Jun Yang ◽  
Wen Ju Li ◽  
Wan Jun Yu ◽  
Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Som Algorithm ◽  
Som Network ◽  
Som Clustering ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we present an improved text clustering algorithm. It not only maintains the self-organizing features of SOM network, but also makes up the disadvantages of the bad clustering effect caused by the inadequate selection of K-means algorithm. Firstly, data is preprocessed to form vector space model for subsequent process. Then, we analyze the features of original clustering algorithm and SOM algorithm, and plan an improved SOM clustering algorithm to overcome low stability and poor quality of original algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the improved algorithm has a higher accuracy and has a better stability, compared with the original algorithm.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Fecal Bacterial Correlation to Inflammatory Bowel Disease for Newly Diagnosed Untreated Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Chinweije Nwosu ◽  
Lill-Therse Thorkildsen ◽  
Ekaterina Avershina ◽  
Petr Ricanek ◽  
Gøri Perminow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Subunit ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The knowledge about correlation patterns between the fecal microbiota and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)—comprising the two subforms Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)—for newly diagnosed untreated children is limited. To address this knowledge gap, a selection of faecal specimens (CD,n=27and UC,n=16) and non-IBD controls (n=30) children (age < 18 years) was analysed utilising bacterial small subunit (SSU) rRNA. We found, surprising age dependence for the fecal microbiota correlating to IBD. The most pronounced patterns were thatE. coliwas positively (R2=0.16,P=0.05) and Bacteroidetes, negatively (R2=0.15,P=0.05) correlated to age for CD patients. For UC, we found an apparent opposite age-related disease correlation for bothBacteroidesandEscherichia. In addition, there was an overrepresentation ofHaemophilusfor the UC children. From our, results we propose a model where the aetiology of IBD is related to an on-going immunological development in children requiring different age-dependent bacterial stimuli. The impact of our findings could be a better age stratification for understanding and treating IBD in children.

scholarly journals Oogonial stem cells as a model to study age-associated infertility in women

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Garg ◽  
David A. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Ovarian Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fixed Pool

Fertility is the first biological process to break down during aging, thereby making it a useful tool to understand fundamental processes of aging. Reproductive aging in females is associated with a loss of ovarian function characterised by a reduction in the number and quality of oocytes. The central dogma, namely that females are born with a fixed pool of oocytes that progressively decline with increasing maternal age, has been challenged by evidence supporting postnatal oogenesis in mammals. Reports demonstrating formation of new oocytes from newly discovered germline stem cells, referred to as oogonial stem cells (OSCs), has opened new avenues for treatment of female infertility. In this review we discuss why the OSCs possibly lose their regenerative potential over time, and focus specifically on the aging process in germline stem cells as a possible mechanism for understanding female age-related infertility and how we can slow or delay ovarian aging.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of triazoles versus echinocandins in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 974-985
Author(s):  
Sanja Uzelac ◽  
Radica Zivkovic-Zaric ◽  
Milan Radovanovic ◽  
Goran Rankovic ◽  
Slobodan Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Set Inclusion ◽  
Selection Of

Backgroun/Aim. Although majority of guidelines recommend triazoles (voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole and isavuconazole) as first-line therapeutic option for treatment of invasive aspergillosis, echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin) are also used for this purpose. However, head-to-head comparison of triazoles and echinocandins for invasive aspergillosis was rarely target of clinical trials. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare efficacy and safety of triazoles and echinocandins when used for treatment of patients with invasive aspergillosis. Methods. This meta-analysis was based on systematic search of literature and selection of high-quality evidence according to pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature search was made for comparison of treatment with any of triazoles (isavuconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole or voriconazole) versus any of echinocandins (caspofungin, anidulafungin or micafungin). The effects of triazoles (itraconazole, posaconazole or voriconazole) and echinocandins (caspofungin, anidulafungin or micafungin) were summarized using RevMan 5.3.5 software, and heterogeneity assessed by the Cochrane Q test and I? values. Several types of bias were assessed, and publication bias was shown by the funnel plot and Egger?s regression. Results. Two clinical trials and three cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. Mortality in patients with invasive aspergillosis who were treated with triazoles was significantly lower than in patients treated with echinocandins [odds ratio 0.29 (0.13, 0.67)], and rate of favorable response (overall treatment success) 12 weeks after the therapy onset was higher in patients treated with triazoles [3.05 (1.52, 6.13)]. On the other hand, incidence of adverse events was higher with triazoles than with echinocandins in patients treated for invasive aspergillosis [3.75 (0.89, 15.76)], although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion.Triazoles (voriconazole in the first place) could be considered as more effective and somewhat less safe therapeutic option than echinocandins for invasive aspergillosis: However, due to poor quality of studies included in this meta-analysis, definite conclusion should await results of additional, well designed clinical trials.

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