scholarly journals Evaluation of Toyocerin®, a probiotic containing Bacillus toyoi spores, on the health status and performance of sows and their litters

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. GEORGOULAKIS (I.E. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΥΛΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
C. ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
Ch. MILIOTIS (Χ. ΜΗΛΙΩΤΗΣ) ◽  
E. E. MALANDRAKIS (Ε.Ε. ΜΑΛΑΝΔΡΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
S. C. KYRIAKIS (Σ.Κ. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Breeding Cycles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Toyocerin®, a probiotic containing l x l09Bacillus toyoi spores per gram, on the health status and productivity of sows and their litters. Eighty gilts and sows were allocated into four experimental groups as follows: TOYO - 0 = control, TOYO - 0.5 = 0.5xl09 Bacillus toyoi spores/kg of feed, TOYO - 1 = l.0xl09Bacillus toyoi spores/kg of feed, TOYO - 2 = 2.0x109Bacillus toyoi spores/kg of feed. The treatments started at the day of service and covered two complete breeding cycles. Toyocerin® supplementation of the feed improved gilt/sow performance by: increasing (P<0.05) the mean body weight from service to farrowing, decreasing (P<0.05) the mean weight loss from farrowing to weaning and decreasing (P<0.05) the mean weaning-to-conception interval. Toyocerin® also showed a positive effect on litter characteristics in terms of: higher (P<0.05) mean number of piglets born alive at each birth, higher (P<0.05) mean number of piglets weaned, a higher (P<0.05) mean piglet body weight at each weaning and lower (P<0.05) mean diarrhoea score. Finally, Toyocerin® tended to improve the health status and fertility of sows demonstrating: a tendency for lower percentages of sows with abnormal clinical signs and a similar effect on the percentages of sows returning to oestrus. These beneficial effects of Toyocerin® were more pronounced in the TOYO - 1 and the TOYO – 2 groups.

Effect of Two Different Weight-Loss Rates on Body Composition and Strength and Power-Related Performance in Elite Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Garthe ◽  
Truls Raastad ◽  
Per Egil Refsnes ◽  
Anu Koivisto ◽  
Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

When weight loss (WL) is necessary, athletes are advised to accomplish it gradually, at a rate of 0.5–1 kg/wk. However, it is possible that losing 0.5 kg/wk is better than 1 kg/wk in terms of preserving lean body mass (LBM) and performance. The aim of this study was to compare changes in body composition, strength, and power during a weekly body-weight (BW) loss of 0.7% slow reduction (SR) vs. 1.4% fast reduction (FR). We hypothesized that the faster WL regimen would result in more detrimental effects on both LBM and strength-related performance. Twenty-four athletes were randomized to SR (n = 13, 24 ± 3 yr, 71.9 ± 12.7 kg) or FR (n = 11, 22 ± 5 yr, 74.8 ± 11.7 kg). They followed energy-restricted diets promoting the predetermined weekly WL. All athletes included 4 resistance-training sessions/wk in their usual training regimen. The mean times spent in intervention for SR and FR were 8.5 ± 2.2 and 5.3 ± 0.9 wk, respectively (p < .001). BW, body composition (DEXA), 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) tests, 40-m sprint, and countermovement jump were measured before and after intervention. Energy intake was reduced by 19% ± 2% and 30% ± 4% in SR and FR, respectively (p = .003). BW and fat mass decreased in both SR and FR by 5.6% ± 0.8% and 5.5% ± 0.7% (0.7% ± 0.8% vs. 1.0% ± 0.4%/wk) and 31% ± 3% and 21 ± 4%, respectively. LBM increased in SR by 2.1% ± 0.4% (p < .001), whereas it was unchanged in FR (–0.2% ± 0.7%), with significant differences between groups (p < .01). In conclusion, data from this study suggest that athletes who want to gain LBM and increase 1RM strength during a WL period combined with strength training should aim for a weekly BW loss of 0.7%.

scholarly journals Isoquinoline Alkaloids in Sows’ Diet Reduces Body Weight Loss during Lactation and Increases IgG in Colostrum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Ester Arévalo Sureda ◽  
Xuemei Zhao ◽  
Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽  
Sophie-Charlotte Wall ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
And Performance

Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) exert beneficial antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in livestock. Therefore, we hypothesized that supplementing sows’ diets with IQ during gestation would decrease farrowing stress, affecting the piglets’ development and performance. Sows were divided into: IQ1, supplemented with IQ from gestation day 80 (G80) to weaning; IQ2, supplemented from gestation day 110 (G110) to weaning, and a non-supplemented (NC) group. Sow body weight (BW), feed intake, back-fat thickness and back-muscle thickness were monitored. Cortisol, glucose and insulin were measured in sows’ blood collected 5 d before, during, and after 7 d farrowing. Protein, fat, IgA and IgG were analyzed in the colostrum and milk. Piglets were monitored for weight and diarrhea score, and for ileum histology and gene expression 5 d post-weaning. IQ-supplemented sows lost less BW during lactation. Glucose and insulin levels were lower in the IQ groups compared to NC-sows 5 d before farrowing and had higher levels of protein and IgG in their colostrum. No other differences were observed in sows, nor in the measured parameters in piglets. In conclusion, IQ supplementation affected sows’ metabolism, reducing body weight loss during lactation. Providing IQ to sows from their entrance into the maternity barn might be sufficient to induce these effects. IQ improved colostrum quality, increasing the protein and IgG content, improving passive immunity for piglets.

scholarly journals The effect of kaolin feeding on efficiency, health status and course of diarrhoeal infections caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in weaned piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trckova ◽  
H. Vondruskova ◽  
Z. Zraly ◽  
P. Alexa ◽  
J. Hamrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Infection Experiment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Etec Infection

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of kaolin feeding on health status, body weight gain (BWG), course of diarrhoeal infections caused by enterotoxigenic strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) and the level of mycobacterial contamination in weaned piglets. The testing was performed in two experiments involving 40 weaned piglets at the age of 28 days. In the infection-free experiment, piglets were fed a diet without (C0) or with 1% content of kaolin (K0) for 20 days. Subsequently, all of them were fed the same diet without kaolin supplementation for 39 days. Identical diets were fed during the infection experiment, and moreover, both groups (CI and KI) were orally infected with ETEC (O141:F18ac, STa+) on Day 1 of experiment. The short-term feeding of kaolin to weaned piglets had a significant positive effect on their BWG. During the period of feeding the kaolin-containing diets, BWG in C0 and K0 were 0.20 and 0.29 kg, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and in CI and KI 0.13 and 0.19 kg, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.05). There was no evidence of side effects to their health, neither was there any change in biochemical and haematological profiles. In the infection experiment, a protective effect of kaolin on the course of ETEC infection was evident. Colonization and shedding of ETEC by piglets fed the kaolin diet were milder and had a shorter duration in comparison with control piglets. The culture examination of pure kaolin and kaolin containing diets for mycobacteria were negative. Potentially pathogenic mycobacteria occurring in the environment were isolated from faeces and tissues of pigs. According to these results, supplementation of diets with 1% kaolin to prevent diarrhoea in piglets and to support their growth in the critical post-weaning period could be recommended.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Different Salmonella enteriditis Phage Types and Safety and Efficacy of Inactivated Products in Chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
A. Akhtar ◽  
M. Hair-Bejo ◽  
Elawad A. Hussein ◽  
Zunita Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salmonella Enteriditis ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Tissues

This study was conducted to inactivate Salmonella enteriditis phage types (SE pt) and to determine the safety and efficacy of inactivated SE pt in chickens. SE pt 1, 3A, 6A, 7, and 35 were inactivated and inoculated (0.20 mL) in 124 chickens divided into 6 groups (CV1, CV3A, CV6A, CV7, CV35, and CV0 as a control). Sampling was conducted on day 14 after inoculation (pi). Eight chickens from each group were separated on day 14 pi for oral challenge with 0.20 mL/chicken (1010 cfu/mL) SE pt 6A and designated CV1C, CV3AC, CV6AC, CV7C, CV35C, and CV0C as control chickens. On days 7 and 14 postchallenge (pc), 4 chickens from every group were sacrificed for sampling. There was no significant difference in the body weight between different groups. In challenged groups, there was no significant association between different tissues and isolation of Salmonella on days 7 and 14 pc. There was significance (p < 0.05) in isolation of Salmonella when CV0C group was compared with other challenged groups. Significance was not observed between different tissues with respect to induction of microscopic changes. Significance was not observed between day 7 pc and day 14 pc with respect to scoring of lesions induced. Clinical signs and gross lesions were also recorded. ELISA was applied. Only in CV3AC group, the mean antibody titer was 1359 on day 14 pc. The conclusion was that inactivated SE pt 3A and 6A were safe and efficacious for protection against Salmonella enteriditis infection in chickens.

scholarly journals Persuading Students Of Their Responsibilities In The Learning Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Hoshower ◽  
Yining Chen
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Effort ◽  
Course Work ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Individual Effort ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

Education is a two-sided coin, with teaching technique and curriculum on one side and student effort and motivation on the other side.  Much educational research is directed predominately at the teaching side, while slighting the student's side.  This study reports an experiment that emphasizes the role of the student’s effort in learning.  The students in the experimental group were asked to compare their individual effort and test score to the mean reported effort and test score of the class.  They were then asked to consider making adjustments in their efforts with the hope of improving their performance.  As a result, the students in the experimental group increased their study hours and significantly increased their exam scores as compared to the control group students.  The results of this study indicate that actively reminding students of their effort and performance in course work has a positive effect on students' effort of study which can ultimately translate into improvement of academic performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Setmelanotide in Patients With POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR Heterozygous Deficiency Obesity in a Phase 2 Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A669-A670
Author(s):  
Sadaf Farooqi ◽  
Jennifer Lynne Miller ◽  
Olga Ohayon ◽  
Guojun Yuan ◽  
Murray Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Rare Genetic Diseases ◽  
Phase 2 Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heterozygous Deficiency

Abstract Introduction: Setmelanotide is a melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonist being investigated for chronic weight management in patients with rare genetic diseases of obesity caused by impairment of the MC4R pathway. The objective of this analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of setmelanotide in patients with partial insufficiency in the MC4R pathway due to heterozygous mutations in the POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR genes. Methods: This was an open-label, single-arm, Phase 2 study of setmelanotide in rare genetic diseases of obesity, including proopiomelanocortin (POMC), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), or leptin receptor (LEPR) heterozygous deficiency obesity (NCT03013543). Patients aged ≥6 years with POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR heterozygous deficiency obesity received once-daily setmelanotide, which was titrated for 4 weeks to establish the therapeutic dose of 3 mg daily. Treatment at the therapeutic dose continued for an additional 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was mean percent change from baseline in body weight at Month 3. Hunger scores and adverse events (AEs) were secondary endpoints. A responder was defined as having ≥5% weight loss from baseline at Month 3. Results: A total of 35 patients were included in this analysis, with mean (standard deviation) age of 39.5 (17.6) years and body mass index of 50.3 (9.4) kg/m2. Across all patients, the mean percent change in body weight from baseline to Month 3 was −3.7% (90% confidence interval [CI], −5.3% to −2.1%; n=35). A total of 34.3% of patients (12/35) achieved the responder threshold of ≥5% weight loss from baseline at Month 3. The mean percent change in body weight from baseline to Month 3 was −10.1% (90% CI, −12.4% to −7.9%; n=12) and −0.4% (90% CI, −1.2% to −0.5%; n=23) for responders and nonresponders, respectively. The mean percent change in most hunger score from baseline to Month 3 was −4.4% (90% CI, −5.7% to −3.2%; n=10) and −2.3% (90% CI, −3.2% to −1.5%; n=23) for responders and nonresponders, respectively. Among responders, 4 (33%) had variants that were considered pathogenic/likely pathogenic per American College of Medical Genetics criteria. All patients experienced at least 1 AE. Overall, the most common treatment-emergent AEs were skin hyperpigmentation (51.4%), nausea (48.6%), and injection site pruritis (37.8%). One patient had serious AEs of acute myocardial infarction and gastrointestinal hemorrhage that were considered unrelated to setmelanotide. No AEs led to death. Conclusions: Setmelanotide was associated with reduced body weight and hunger scores in patients with POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR heterozygous deficiency obesity. While the overall mean percent decrease in body weight may have been less than that previously reported in patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous variants, setmelanotide may be a viable treatment option for some patients with POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR heterozygous deficiency obesity.

Incidence of concurrent infection of Coli-Septicaemia and Infectious Bronchitis in an organised layer farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yogeshpriya ◽  
M. Saravanan ◽  
M. Ranjithkumar ◽  
S. Krishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Concurrent Infection ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Layer Farm

An outbreak of IB with colibacilosis and its diagnosis and management is reported. In an organised farm, the affected flock had a complaint of anorexia, dyspnoea, and weight loss and misshappened eggs. On examination of serum samples, IB showed HI titre of 64 with a GM value of 24.3 where as heart and liver swabs revealed the presence of E.coli organisms. ABST of the organism revealed sensitivity to Gentamicin, Cephalexin and intermediate sensititive to Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin and resistant to Oxytetracycline. Based on the clinical signs, lesions and laboratory tests the outbreak was diagnosed as Infectious Bronchitis and Colisepticaemia and remaining flock was successfully managed with Gentamicin 4 mg/kg body weight twice daily at 24 hours interval along with supportive drugs. Biosecurity measures were advised to prevent subsequent infection.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Liposome-Encapsulated Ciprofloxacin in a Murine Model of Q Fever

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5510-5518 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Norville ◽  
G. J. Hatch ◽  
K. R. Bewley ◽  
D. J. Atkinson ◽  
K. A. Hamblin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Oral Ciprofloxacin ◽  
Intracellular Infections ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

ABSTRACTEncapsulation of antibiotics may improve treatment of intracellular infections by prolonging antibiotic release and improving antibiotic uptake into cells. In this study, liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin for inhalation (CFI) was evaluated as a postexposure therapeutic for the treatment ofCoxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever. Intranasal treatment of male A/Jola (A/J) mice with CFI (50 mg/kg of body weight) once daily for 7 days protected mice against weight loss and clinical signs following an aerosol challenge withC. burnetii. In comparison, mice treated twice daily with oral ciprofloxacin or doxycycline (50 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) lost 15 to 20% body weight and exhibited ruffled fur, arched backs, and dehydration. Mice were culled at day 14 postchallenge. The weights and bacterial burdens of organs were determined. Mice treated with CFI exhibited reduced splenomegaly and reduced bacterial numbers in the lungs and spleen compared to mice treated with oral ciprofloxacin or doxycycline. When a single dose of CFI was administered, it provided better protection against body weight loss than 7 days of treatment with oral doxycycline, the current antibiotic of choice to treat Q fever. These data suggest that CFI has potential as a superior antibiotic to treat Q fever.

Effect of body condition at calving on the health and performance of dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Treacher ◽  
I. M. Reid ◽  
C. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTTwo groups of nine British Friesian cows were fed from about 32 weeks before calving to achieve condition scores at calving of 2·5 (thin) and 4 (fat). For 10 weeks after calving all cows were offered 7 kg hay daily in four feeds, with concentrates given five times daily according to appetite.During early lactation, the group of fat cows had lower dry-matter intakes and daily milk yields and yielded less milk protein and lactose than the group of thin cows. The mean yield of milk over the whole lactation was 500 kg less in the fat cows but the difference was not significant. The fat cows lost 48 kg body weight and 1·20 units condition score during early lactation compared with 27 kg body weight and 0·52 units condition score in the thin cows. No difference in reproductive performance was found between the two groups but significantly more cases of disease occurred in the fat cows than in the thin cows.It is concluded that cows that are fat at calving eat less than thin cows, give the same or less milk than thin cows, mobolize more body tissue and lose more weight after calving than thin cows and suffer more disease.

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