Cohort study protocol: Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID)

Introduction: Infectious diseases have a major impact on morbidity and mortality in hospital. Microbial diagnosis remains elusive for most cases of suspected infection which impacts on the use of antibiotics. Rapid advances in genomic technologies combined with high-quality phenotypic data have great potential to improve the diagnosis, management and clinical outcomes of infectious diseases. The aim of the Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID) is to provide a platform for biomarker discovery, trials and clinical service developments in the field of infectious diseases, by establishing a registry linking clinical phenotype to microbial and biological samples in adult patients who attend hospital with suspected infection. Methods and analysis: BioAID is a cohort study which employs deferred consent to obtain an additional 2.5mL RNA blood sample from patients who attend the Emergency Department (ED) with suspected infection when they undergo peripheral blood culture sampling. Clinical data and additional biological samples including DNA, serum and microbial isolates are obtained from BioAID participants during hospital admission. Participants are also asked to consent to be recalled for future studies. BioAID aims to recruit 10,000 patients from 5-8 sites across England. Since February 2014 >4000 individuals have been recruited to the study. The final cohort will be characterised using descriptive statistics including information on the number of cases that can be linked to biological and microbial samples to support future research studies. Ethical approval and section 251 exemption have been obtained for BioAID researchers to seek deferred consent from patients from whom a RNA specimen has been collected. Samples and meta-data obtained through BioAID will be made available to researchers worldwide following submission of an application form and research protocol. Conclusions: BioAID will support a range of study designs spanning discovery science, biomarker validation, disease pathogenesis and epidemiological analyses of clinical infection syndromes.

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Implementation of the University of Louisville COVID-19 Biorepository: Experiences from the Center of Excellence in Infectious Diseases (CERID)

Journal of Respiratory Infections ◽

10.18297/jri/vol4/iss1/71 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dawn Balcom ◽

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Institutions ◽

Limited Availability ◽

Center Of Excellence ◽

University Of Louisville ◽

The University

The limited availability of biological samples from patients testing positive for SARS CoV-2 to be available for future research was quickly identified at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this need, a COVID-19 biobank was initiated by the University of Louisville Division of Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence for Research in Infectious Diseases (CERID). The COVID-19 biobank contains waste samples obtained from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in any of the nine Louisville, Kentucky area hospitals during the timeframe of April 13, 2020 through 09-20-2020. The COVID-19 biobank stores approximately1,623 waste samples with 2,127 aliquots for distribution. All samples are linked to clinical data. The methods described in this paper are intended for use as a guide for other research institutions interested in developing a COVID-19 biobank.

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Clinical Pharmacists’ Consultation in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases: A Single-Arm, Prospective Cohort Study

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2019.00187 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jiaxing Zhang ◽

Xin Qian ◽

Lingmin Zhang ◽

Linfang Hu ◽

Lingyan Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Clinical Pharmacists

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Incidence of Kawasaki disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in Japan

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e001034

Author(s):

Kyohei Iio ◽

Kousaku Matsubara ◽

Chisato Miyakoshi ◽

Kunitaka Ota ◽

Rika Yamaoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Kawasaki Disease ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Difference In Difference

BackgroundEpidemiological studies in Kawasaki disease (KD) have suggested infectious aetiology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, measures for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission also suppress the circulation of other contagious microorganisms. The primary objective is to compare the number and incidence of KD before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, and the secondary objective is to investigate temporal association between the KD epidemiology and activities of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral and bacterial infections.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2016 and 2020 in Kobe, Japan. We collected information of hospitalised KD children in Kobe. Child population was identified through the resident registry system. Activity of COVID-19 and 11 other infectious diseases was derived from a public health monitoring system. Monthly change of KD incidence was analysed using a difference-in-difference regression model.ResultsThroughout the study period, 1027 KD children were identified. KD had begun to decline in April 2020, coinciding with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of KD cases (n=66) between April and December 2020 was 40% of the average in the same period in 2016–2019 (165/year). Annual KD incidence was 315, 300, 353, 347 and 188/100 000 children aged 0–4 years in 2016–2020, respectively. The difference-in-difference value of KD incidence was significantly reduced in the fourth quarter in 2020 (−15.8, 95% CI −28.0 to −3.5), compared with that in 2016–2019. Sentinel surveillance showed a marked decrease of all infectious diseases except exanthema subitum after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 86 COVID-19 cases aged <10 years and no KD children associated with COVID-19.ConclusionThis study showed that the number and incidence of KD was dramatically reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. This change was temporally associated with decreased activities of various infectious diseases other than COVID-19, supporting the hypothesis of infection-triggered pathogenesis in KD.

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Survey of Saliva Components and Virus Sensors for Prevention of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios11010014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Priya Dave ◽

Roberto Rojas-Cessa ◽

Ziqian Dong ◽

Vatcharapan Umpaichitra

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Dental Health ◽

The United States ◽

Human Saliva ◽

Field Application ◽

Future Research ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Close Distance

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers saliva contact the lead transmission mean of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Saliva droplets or aerosols expelled by sneezing, coughing, breathing, and talking may carry this virus. People in close distance may be exposed directly to these droplets or indirectly when touching the droplets that fall on surrounding surfaces and ending up contracting COVID-19 after touching the mucosa tissue of their faces. It is of great interest to quickly and effectively detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in an environment, but the existing methods only work in laboratory settings, to the best of our knowledge. However, it may be possible to detect the presence of saliva in the environment and proceed with prevention measures. However, detecting saliva itself has not been documented in the literature. On the other hand, many sensors that detect different organic components in saliva to monitor a person’s health and diagnose different diseases, ranging from diabetes to dental health, have been proposed and they may be used to detect the presence of saliva. This paper surveys sensors that detect organic and inorganic components of human saliva. Humidity sensors are also considered in the detection of saliva because a large portion of saliva is water. Moreover, sensors that detect infectious viruses are also included as they may also be embedded into saliva sensors for a confirmation of the presence of the virus. A classification of sensors by their working principles and the substances they detect is presented, including the sensors’ specifications, sample size, and sensitivity. Indications of which sensors are portable and suitable for field application are presented. This paper also discusses future research and challenges that must be resolved to realize practical saliva sensors. Such sensors may help minimize the spread of not only COVID-19 but also other infectious diseases.

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Preconception prediction of expectant fathers' mental health: 20-year cohort study from adolescence

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2017.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 58-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elizabeth Spry ◽

Rebecca Giallo ◽

Margarita Moreno-Betancur ◽

Jacqui Macdonald ◽

Denise Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Health Problems ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Future Research ◽

Expectant Fathers

We examined prospective associations between men's common mental disorders in the decades prior to offspring conception and subsequent paternal antenatal mental health problems. Data came from a prospective intergenerational cohort study which assessed common mental disorder nine times from age 14 to 29 years, and in the third trimester of subsequent pregnancies to age 35 years (N = 295 pregnancies to 214 men). Men with histories of adolescent and young adult common mental disorders were over four times more likely to experience antenatal mental health problems. Future research identifying modifiable perinatal factors that counteract preconception risk would provide further targets for intervention.Declaration of interestNone.

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Next-Generation Biomarkers for Cholangiocarcinoma

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13133222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3222

Author(s):

Pedro M. Rodrigues ◽

Arndt Vogel ◽

Marco Arrese ◽

Domingo C. Balderramo ◽

Juan W. Valle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Tumor Development ◽

Predictive Biomarkers ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Future Research ◽

Tumor Biopsy ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Tumor Stages ◽

At Risk Populations ◽

Early Tumor

The increasing mortality rates of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) registered during the last decades are, at least in part, a result of the lack of accurate non-invasive biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, making the identification of patients who might benefit from potentially curative approaches (i.e., surgery) extremely challenging. The obscure CCA pathogenesis and associated etiological factors, as well as the lack of symptoms in patients with early tumor stages, highly compromises CCA identification and to predict tumor development in at-risk populations. Currently, CCA diagnosis is accomplished by the combination of clinical/biochemical features, radiological imaging and non-specific serum tumor biomarkers, although a tumor biopsy is still needed to confirm disease diagnosis. Furthermore, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are still lacking and urgently needed. During the recent years, high-throughput omics-based approaches have identified novel circulating biomarkers (diagnostic and prognostic) that might be included in large, international validation studies in the near future. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most recent advances in the field of biomarker discovery in CCA, providing new insights and future research directions.

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Application of the real-time PCR in veterinary practice

Russian veterinary journal ◽

10.32416/2500-4379-2020-2-5-12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (2) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Maksim Doronin ◽

Dmitriy Lozovoy ◽

Aleksey Scherbakov ◽

Vladimir Makarov

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Real Time ◽

Quantitative Pcr ◽

Biological Material ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

The Body ◽

Suspected Infection ◽

Virus Content ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pathogenic Agents

To date the molecular genetic methods of analysis are widely used for laboratory diagnostic tests in various infectious diseases of animals. This discourse reflects information about the history of the invention of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RV), the nature of the processes that occur during this reaction, the main stages of the reaction, the preparation of biological material for research in PCR-RV. The spectrum of possibilities of using the PCR-RV method for a qualitative study of biological material in cases of suspected infection of animals with certain viral and bacterial agents, as well as a quantitative assessment of the virus content in tissues, organs or in the body by analogy with conventional methods for titrating infectiousness without direct manipulation with pathogenic agents, is presented. . A quantitative PCR-RV option allows veterinarians to evaluate the pathogenetic dynamics of the development of the disease, monitor the effect of antiviral and antibacterial therapy, and monitor the emergence of pathogen variants with high resistance to the drugs used. Thanks to the development of ARRIAH, the qualitative and quantitative PCR-RV method can now be used in domestic veterinary science and laboratory practice for the diagnosis of a wide range of animal infectious diseases.

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Peripheral blood culture contamination in adults and venepuncture technique: prospective cohort study

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jcp.2007.047647 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 509-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A Qamruddin ◽

N Khanna ◽

D Orr

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Peripheral Blood Culture ◽

Protocol Compliance ◽

Hospital Protocol

Aims:To test the hypothesis that compliance with a hospital protocol on peripheral blood culture (PBC) collection in adults is associated with a reduction in PBC contamination, and to investigate likely contributing factors for contamination.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted, utilising data collection by participant questionnaire completion, and utilising bacteriology laboratory results on PBCs. Participants were all healthcare workers involved in obtaining PBCs from adults.Results:1460 PBCs with questionnaires were received. Contamination among the 1460 PBCs as a whole was 8.8%. 766 of the questionnaires were sufficiently complete to allow analysis of blood culture contamination in relation to protocol compliance. Among these, protocol compliance was 30% and contamination was 8.0%. When the protocol was complied with, 2.6% of PBCs were contaminated, but when the protocol was not followed, contamination was significantly higher at 10.3% (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.84 to 12.54). Univariate analysis on all 1460 PBCs suggested that the site for blood collection, and disinfection of the venepuncture site were important factors in PBC contamination: when no venepuncture site disinfection was performed, contamination was significantly higher than when alcohol was used (5.1% versus 15.8%, OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.01 to 5.97); when a PBC collection site other than a fresh peripheral vein was used, contamination was significantly higher (7.3% versus 12.0%, OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.96).Conclusions:Compliance with a hospital protocol on PBC collection technique in adults significantly reduces blood culture contamination.

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