scholarly journals Ingestion of Caffeine and Carbohydrate Increases Average Power Output during a 10 mile Time Trial in Both Male and Female Cyclists

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Mitchell ◽  
Amada Podczerwinski
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Average Power Output

Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Feedings and 1h Time Trial Cycling Performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Desbrow ◽  
Sally Anderson ◽  
Jennifer Barrett ◽  
Elissa Rao ◽  
Mark Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Sports Drink ◽  
Average Power Output ◽  
Glucose Availability

The effects of a commercial sports drink on performance in high-intensity cycling was investigated. Nine well-trained subjects were asked to complete a set amount of work as fast as possible (time trial) following 24 h of dietary (subjects were provided with food, energy 57.4 ± 2.4 kcal/kg and carbohydrate 9.1 ± 0.4 g/kg) and exercise control. During exercise, subjects were provided with 14 mL/kg of either 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) solution or carbohydrate-free placebo (P). Results showed that subjects’ performances did not greatly improve (time, 62:34 ± 6:44 min:sec (CHO-E) vs. 62:40 ± 5:35 min:sec (P); average power output, 283.0 ± 25.0 W (CHO-E) vs. 282.9 ± 29.3 W (P), P > 0.05) while consuming the sports drink. It was concluded that CHO-E consumption throughout a 1-h time trial, following a pre-exercise dietary regimen designed to optimize glucose availability, did not improve time or power output to a greater degree than P in well-trained cyclists.

The Isocapnic Buffering Phase and Mechanical Efficiency: Relationship to Cycle Time Trial Performance of Short and Long Duration

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bentley ◽  
Veronica E. Vleck ◽  
Gregoire P. Millet
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Average Power Output ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the isocapnic buffer (βisocapnic) and hypocapnic hyperventilation (HHV) phases as well as performance in a short (20-min) and long (90-min) time trial (TT) in trained athletes. In addition, gross (GE, %) and delta (ΔE, %) efficiency were calculated and the relationship between these variables and the average power output (W) in each TT was determined. Thirteen male endurance athletes (Mean ± SD age 31 ± 6 yrs; body mass 75.6 ± 6.3 kg; height 185 ± 6 cm) completed a continuous incremental test to exhaustion for determination of the βisocapnic and HHV phases. A second submaximal test was used to determine GE and ΔE. The average power output (W) was measured in a 20-min and 90-min cycling TT. The βisocapnic phase (W) was significantly correlated to the average power output (W) in the 20-min TT (r = 0.58; p <  0.05), but not in the 90-min TT (r = 0.28). The HHV phase (W) was not significantly correlated to the average power output in the 20-min or 90-min TT. No significant correlation was found for GE or for ΔE and performance in the TT. The data from this study shows that βisocapnic together with HHV is not likely to be a useful indicator of cycle TT performance of 20- to 90-min duration. Furthermore, GE and ΔE determined from a submaximal incremental stepwise test are not related to cycling TT performance of different duration. Key words: incremental, correlation, metabolism, athletes, fatigue

The Influence of Blood Removal on Pacing During a 4-Minute Cycling Time Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092
Author(s):  
Nathan G. Lawler ◽  
Chris R. Abbiss ◽  
Aaron Raman ◽  
Timothy J. Fairchild ◽  
Garth L. Maker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Average Power Output ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Cycling Time

Purpose:To examine the influence of manipulating aerobic contribution after whole-blood removal on pacing patterns, performance, and energy contribution during self-paced middle-distance cycling.Methods:Seven male cyclists (33 ± 8 y) completed an incremental cycling test followed 20 min later by a 4-min self-paced cycling time trial (4MMP) on 6 separate occasions over 42 d. The initial 2 sessions acted as familiarization and baseline testing, after which 470 mL of blood was removed, with the remaining sessions performed 24 h, 7 d, 21 d, and 42 d after blood removal. During all 4MMP trials, power output, oxygen uptake, and aerobic and anaerobic contribution to power were determined.Results:4MMP average power output significantly decreased by 7% ± 6%, 6% ± 8%, and 4% ± 6% at 24 h, 7 d, and 21 d after blood removal, respectively. Compared with baseline, aerobic contribution during the 4MMP was significantly reduced by 5% ± 4%, 4% ± 5%, and 4% ± 10% at 24 h, 7 d, and 21 d, respectively. The rate of decline in power output on commencement of the 4MMP was significantly attenuated and was 76% ± 20%, 72% ± 24%, and 75% ± 35% lower than baseline at 24 h, 21 d, and 42 d, respectively.Conclusion:Removal of 470 mL of blood reduces aerobic energy contribution, alters pacing patterns, and decreases performance during self-paced cycling. These findings indicate the importance of aerobic energy distribution during self-paced middle-distance events.

Predicting Cycling Performance in Trained to Elite Male and Female Cyclists

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Male And Female

In high-performance cycling, it is important to maintain a healthy balance between training load and recovery. Recently a new submaximal cycle test, known as the Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT), has been shown to be able to accurately predict cycling performance in 15 well-trained cyclists. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of the LSCT in 102 trained to elite cyclists (82 men and 20 women). All cyclists performed an LSCT test followed by a peak-power-output (PPO) test, which included respiratory-gas analysis for the determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). They then performed the LSCT test followed by a 40-km time trial (TT) 72 h later. Average power output during the 3 stages of the LSCT increased from 31%, 60%, and 79% of PPO, while the ratings of perceived exertion increased from 8 to 13 to 16. Very good relationships were found between actual and LSCT-predicted PPO (r = .98, 95%CI: .97–.98, P < .0001), VO2max (r = .96, 95%CI: .97–.99, P < .0001) and 40-km-TT time (r = .98, 95%CI: .94–.97, P < .0001). No gender differences were found when predicting cycling performance from the LSCT (P = .95). The findings of this study show that the LSCT is able to accurately predict cycling performance in trained to elite male and female cyclists and potentially can be used to prescribe and fine-tune training prescription in cycling.

Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing in the Fed State: Lack of Enhancement of Time-Trial Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou Beelen ◽  
Jort Berghuis ◽  
Ben Bonaparte ◽  
Sam B. Ballak ◽  
Asker E. Jeukendrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trial Performance

It has been reported previously that mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate-containing solution can improve cycling performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of such a carbohydrate mouth rinse on exercise performance during a simulated time trial in a more practical, postprandial setting. Fourteen male endurance-trained athletes were selected to perform 2 exercise tests in the morning after consuming a standardized breakfast. They performed an ~1-hr time trial on a cycle ergometer while rinsing their mouths with either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution (CHO) or water (PLA) after every 12.5% of the set amount of work. Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed after every 25% of the set amount of work, and power output and heart rate were recorded continuously throughout the test. Performance time did not differ between treatments and averaged 68.14 ± 1.14 and 67.52 ± 1.00 min in CHO and PLA, respectively (p = .57). In accordance, average power output (265 ± 5 vs. 266 ± 5 W, p = .58), heart rate (169 ± 2 vs. 168 ± 2 beats/min, p = .43), and RPE (16.4 ± 0.3 vs. 16.7 ± 0.3 W, p = .26) did not differ between treatments. Furthermore, after dividing the trial into 8s, no differences in power output, heart rate, or perceived exertion were observed over time between treatments. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing does not improve time-trial performance when exercise is performed in a practical, postprandial setting.

Stochastic Dynamics of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Subjected to Lévy Flight Excitations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanian Ramakrishnan ◽  
Collin Lambrecht ◽  
Connor Edlund
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Stochastic Dynamics ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Random Excitation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Average Power Output

Vibration energy harvesting seeks to exploit the energy of ambient random vibration for power generation, particularly in small scale devices. Piezoelectric transduction is often used as a conversion mechanism in harvesting and the random excitation is typically modeled as a Brownian stochastic process. However, non-Brownian excitations are of potential interest, particularly in the nonequilibrium regime of harvester dynamics. In this work, we investigate the averaged power output of a generic piezoelectric harvester driven by Brownian as well as (non-Brownian) Lévy stable excitations both in the linear and the Duffing regimes. First, a coupled system of stochastic differential equations that model the electromechanical system are presented. Numerical simulation results (based on the Euler-Maruyama scheme) that show the average power output from the system under Brownian and Lévy excitations are presented for the cases where the mechanical degree of freedom behaves as a linear as well as a Duffing oscillator. The results demonstrate that Lévy excitations result in higher expectation values of harvested power. In particular, increasing the noise intensity leads to significant increase in power output in the Levy case when compared with Brownian excitations.

Theoretical Performance Analysis of Solar Chimney Power Plant for Kota Region of Rajasthan, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Akhtar ◽  
K.V.S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Solar Chimney ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
Average Power Output ◽  
Solar Chimney Power Plant ◽  
Theoretical Performance

A solar chimney power plant (SCPP) sometimes also called 'solar updraft tower' is a part of the solar thermal group of indirect solar conversion technologies, utilizing a combination of solar air collector and central updraft tube or chimney to generate a solar induced convective flow which drives pressure staged turbines to generate electricity. In this paper the performance of a solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is evaluated if established in the Kota region of Rajasthan in India. Kota has high intensity of solar radiation with more than 270 sunny days in a year. To investigate the theoretical performance evaluation of the solar chimney power plant in Kota region, total energy generation and average power output for every ten minute interval has been calculated on the basis of solar radiation and temperature data provided by Centre for wind energy Technology (C-WET) available for the period from June 2011-May 2012 for every ten minute interval. Subsequently day wise and month wise calculations have been performed for energy generation and power output for the year June 2011 - May 2012. Further, annual average power output of SCPP is calculated at Kota for different sets of dimensions of SCPP and assuming different values of collector efficiency. Power produced at the plant established in Kota region is compared with power output estimated by J. Schlaich by their experience gained from prototype of SCPP in Manzanares, Spain. Land area required for solar chimney power plant if installed in Kota region of Rajasthan India is calculated for 200 MW capacity plant.

Mood and Cycling Performance in Response to Three Weeks of High-Intensity, Short-Duration Overtraining, and a Two-Week Taper

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie G. Berger ◽  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
Brian D. Butki ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
John G. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Average Power Output ◽  
And Performance

This study examined changes in mood and performance in response to high-intensity, short-duration overtraining and a subsequent taper. Pursuit cyclists (N = 8) at the United States Olympic Training Center completed the POMS and simulated 4-km pursuit performance tests throughout a six-week period. The six-week period included a baseline week, three weeks of overtraining that consisted primarily of high-intensity interval training, and a two-week taper. Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) scores displayed a quadratic polynomial effect across the three weeks of overtraining (p < .01), with the highest TMD scores occurring in the second week. Average TMD scores were lower during the taper than at baseline (p < .02) and lower at taper than overtraining (p < .0005). Cycling performance (pursuit time and average power output) improved during the three weeks of overtraining; additional improvements were observed during the taper. There were no significant correlations between TMD and performance. However, pursuit time, average power output, and mood disturbance scores were at optimal levels throughout the taper period. These findings suggest that high-intensity, short-duration overtraining may not result in an overtraining syndrome in 4-km pursuit cyclists.

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