scholarly journals Philosophical Intuitions

2010 ◽  
pp. 54-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fedyk
Keyword(s):  
Interesting Property ◽  
Gettier Case ◽  
Philosophical Intuition ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Representation Structure ◽  
The Difference

What exactly is a philosophical intuition? And what makes such an intuition reliable, when it is reliable? This paper provides a terminological framework that is able answer to the first question, and then puts the framework to work developing an answer to the second question. More specifically, the paper argues that we can distinguish between two different "evidential roles" which intuitions can occupy: under certain conditions they can provide information about the representational structure of an intuitor's concept, and under different conditions, they can provide information about whether or not a property is instantiated. The paper describes two principles intended to capture the difference between the two sets of conditions---that is, the paper offers a principle that explains when an intuition will be a reliable source of evidence about the representation structure of an intuitor's concept, and another principle that explains when an intuition will be a reliable source of evidence about whether or not a property is instantiated. The paper concludes by briefly arguing that, insofar as philosophers are interested using intuitions to determine whether or not some philosophically interesting property is instantiated by some scenario (for instance, whether knowledge is instantiated in a Gettier-case), the reliability of the intuition in question does not depend on whether or not the intuition is widely shared.

Outside lending in the New York City call loan market: evidence from the Panic of 1907

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Moen ◽  
Ellis Tallman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
York City ◽  
Loan Market ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Difference

Before the Panic of 1907 the large New York City banks were able to maintain the call loan market's liquidity during panics, but the rise in outside lending by trust companies and interior banks in the decade leading up the panic weakened the influence of the large banks. Creating a reliable source of liquidity and reserves external to the financial market like a central bank became obvious after the panic. In the call loan market, like the REPO market in 2008, lack of information on the identity of lenders and volume of the market hindered attempts to stop panic-related depositor withdrawals. Our new estimates of who was participating in the call loan market reveal that it did not contract after 1907; while the trust companies became less important, the New York national banks and outside lenders more than made up the difference.

scholarly journals Web-based macroseismic intensity study in Turkey – entries on Ekşi Sözlük

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Deniz Ertuncay ◽  
Laura Cataldi ◽  
Giovanni Costa
Keyword(s):  
Macroseismic Intensity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Level Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Conversion Equation ◽  
Intensity Study

Abstract. Ekşi Sözlük is one of the most visited websites in Turkey. Registered users of the website share their knowledge about any topic. In this study, we collect the user entries on the topic of 20 earthquakes in Turkey and the surrounding area. Entries with city and district level information are converted to intensity values. Shake maps of the earthquakes are created by using a ground motion to intensity conversion equation. User entries and created shake maps are compared. It is found that entries correlate with the predicted intensities. It is also found that local soil conditions and building types have an amplifier effect on entries on the website. Several entries on the earthquake topics have magnitude estimations. The difference between predicted and observed intensities also varies with distance. Users are able to predict the magnitudes of the earthquakes with ±0.54 misfit. This study shows that Ekşi Sözlük has the potential to be a reliable source of macroseismic intensity for the earthquakes in Turkey if the felt reports are collected with a predetermined format.

scholarly journals Social Media and Tourism Industry: A Comparative Analysis of Effects of Facebook Pages of Tour Companies of Lahore on Tourism Promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 192-208
Author(s):  
Zowaina Azhar ◽  
Abdul Rehman Qaisar ◽  
Misha Akash
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
Source Of Information

The study attempts to assess the difference in the effect of social media content of tour companies of Lahore on promoting tourism. The study used a comparative research design in order to compare the effects of social media content, in particular Facebook. A detailed literature review was presented, and data was collected from the tourists who have used the Facebook pages of selected tour companies and used their services through a well-developed questionnaire, using purposive sampling, followed by convenience sampling. To conduct the study, a sample size of 320 respondents was chosen to get accurate findings. The findings of the study revealed that all four tour companies of Lahore equally promoted tourism through their Facebook pages. The Facebook pages are a reliable source of information that are trending and being used extensively by people. This showed that using such pages are ultimately contributing to the success and promotion of tourism in Pakistan.

Indivíduo e Realidade

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
João Paulo de Oliveira Cruz Mendes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Philosophical Intuition ◽  
Double Approach ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Web

This article is about the influence of Georg Simmel on Siegfried Kracauer’s thought and analysis method, and also on the difference between the two. Kracauer was Simmel’s pupil at Berlin in 1907, and exposed his thought and method in an essay (Georg Simmel) published for the first time in 1963, forty-two years after being written, in a collection of papers intituled Das Ornament der Masse. Starting from a heuristic principle - which could be put like this: all expressions of spiritual/intellectual life are interrelated in countless ways; no single one can be extricated from this web of relations, since each is enmeshed in the web with all other such expressions - , Kracauer distinguished, in Simmel’s method, two different ways of linking the different phenomena: discovering its essential congruence [Wesenszusammengehörigkeit] or by analogy [Analogie]. The first method shows how disparate phenomena could have the same source. The second tries to demonstrate similitudes between phenomena, and it is, in a certain degree, an abstract construction. This double approach of reality synchronizes Kracauer’s worries on the culture fragmentation and his attempt to overcome it. This is most clear when he criticizes Simmel, in a forward step, of being in default of metaphor [Gleichnis]. Metaphor is, in Kracauer’s point of view, not only a relation between objects, like Simmel tries, but a relation between subject and object, and the representation by a particular image of individual things as much as of the entire world. Metaphor carries in it itself the philosophical intuition that is lacking in Simmel’s oeuvre.

scholarly journals The Analysis Potency of Animal Slaughterhouse Retribution and Its Contribution for Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Pontianak City

Eksos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Atria Tiffany Widyaningsih ◽  
Sani Sani
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Financial Balance ◽  
Descriptive Method

Regional government financing in performing reliable government duties.  This need is increasingly perceived by the region especially since the enactment of regional autonomy in Indonesia, which began on January 1, 2001. With the autonomy, the region is encouraged to be creative to find sources of local revenue that can support regional expenditure financing.  From various alternative sources of revenue that may be levied by the regions, the Law on Regional Government setting up local taxes and levies has become a reliable source of revenue for the regions.  Since 1984 various Laws on Local Government and financial balance between center and its region. Animal Slaughterhouse that has been built is the only existing RPH in Pontianak City so that its existence is needed by the community in the management and provision of meat that is safe, healthy, whole and kosher for the needs of the surrounding population.  Animal Slaughterhouse as a slaughtering business in the provision of healthy meat should consider factors related to sanitation in both the RPH environment and the surrounding environment.  In addition to producing meat, RPH also produces additional products that can still be utilized and waste. This research will discuss the potential and contribution of animal slaughtering retribution to Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Pontianak. The method used in this research is descriptive method, that is method by collecting data which then arranged so that can be made conclusion and suggestion with aim to give systematic and accurate description about the object under research.  The data collection techniques conducted by the authors are interviews, observation and documentation. Calculation of the potential of animal slaughterhouse based on the amount of slaughter data. In 2014 - 2016 different with the Realization data in the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry of Pontianak City, there is a difference in the number of Retributions of Cutting House Year 2014 of Rp559,327,500, and the difference of slaughterhouse levy in 2015 amounting to Rp612.642.500, whereas in the year 2016 the difference of Levies of Slaughterhouse Rp633.320.000.  From the interviews this is due to the slaughter of animals on national holidays which are not levied on retribution fees due to deductions done outside the slaughterhouse but the number of slaughters is recorded as the number of how many animals slaughtered. The existing potential should be explored more deeply because it is a source of local revenue that qualified.

scholarly journals Influence of some factors on the fertility of hybrid sows

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Ivelina Zapryanova ◽  
Radka Malinova
Keyword(s):  
Large White ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reliable Correlation ◽  
Age Category

The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of the boar and the age category of sows as factors for the fertility of hybrid sows ((Tai Zumu x Landrace) x Large White). The mother is a reliable source of variation on the number of the alive pigs (p<0.05) and the total number of the delivered ones in a farrow (p<0.01). The difference between the gilts and the sows is significant in the number of the alive and the total number of pigs in a farrow (p<0.05). The total number of delivered pigs from the sows are within the range of 10.6?0.4 to 11.4?1.2, while with the gilts ones they are from 8.9?0.6 to 11?1.8. High positive correlation was established between the live-born pigs and the total number of pigs born by gilts (rp= 0.858 ?<0.01), as well as with the next parity (rp= from 0.702 to 0.861, ?<0.01). The connection between the stillborn and the total number of born pigs, we reported a moderate and reliable correlation, both with the gilts (rp= 0.381, ?<0.01) and the sows (rp = from 0.408 to 0.584, ?<0.01)

scholarly journals If Wikipedia is the Gateway to Biodiversity Knowledge, How do we Open the Gate?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Biodiversity Knowledge ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Primary Literature ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Bioinformatics Community

Wikipedia may have become the world’s principal source of information, but it is not a reliable source. Wikipedia itself is quite explicit on this point. The Wikipedia article entitled Wikipedia is not a reliable source clearly states that, because Wikipedia can be edited by anyone, at any time, “any information it contains at any particular time could be vandalism, a work in progress, or just plain wrong” (Wikipedia 2019a). Despite this, Wikipedia continues to gain status as a trusted authority on, well, everything. It does not, however, have authority on its own; it has authority because it links to authoritative sources. Wikipedia’s Verifiability policy (Wikipedia 2019b) states that: all material in its articles should be “attributable to reliable and published sources”; and all quotations and any material likely to be challenged “must be supported by inline citations”. all material in its articles should be “attributable to reliable and published sources”; and all quotations and any material likely to be challenged “must be supported by inline citations”. This does not mean that Wikipedia is always right; rather (according to the Wikipedia article Wikipedia is wrong) that “the threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth” (Wikipedia 2019c). What this does mean is that Wikipedia is riddled with citations to the primary literature. Thus, articles about the world’s species reference taxonomic descriptions (and subsequent revisions), as well as scientific papers about physiology, evolution, behaviour, ecology, conservation, etc. In order “to facilitate the verification of sourced statements”, Wikipedia’s Scientific Citation Guidelines encourage editors to, wherever possible, include links to scientific articles in the form of DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) (Wikipedia 2019d). A DOI is a unique, permanent and persistent identifier that is assigned to a fixed piece of online content (usually) at the time of its publication. The DOI system creates a reciprocal linked network of scholarly publications that allows researchers to click from article to article in a never-ending trail of knowledge (whether those articles are in scientific journals or on Wikipedia). This linked network functions seamlessly for modern scientific publications, because DOIs have been almost universally adopted by scientific publishers. But issues arise when it comes to linking to historic publications. Historic literature is the foundation upon which our understanding of biodiversity is based. If Wikipedia is the world’s gateway to that literature, Wikipedia editors must be able to find it and link to it. This presentation will discuss the complexities involved in linking from Wikipedia to the legacy scientific literature, particularly the availability of that literature online, the difference between easy and open access, and what the bioinformatics community can do to help.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

Influence of Cell Wall Composition on the Fossilisation of Bacteria and the Implications for the Search for Early Life Forms

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Westall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cation Binding ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe oldest cell-like structures on Earth are preserved in silicified lagoonal, shallow sea or hydrothermal sediments, such as some Archean formations in Western Australia and South Africa. Previous studies concentrated on the search for organic fossils in Archean rocks. Observations of silicified bacteria (as silica minerals) are scarce for both the Precambrian and the Phanerozoic, but reports of mineral bacteria finds, in general, are increasing. The problems associated with the identification of authentic fossil bacteria and, if possible, closer identification of bacteria type can, in part, be overcome by experimental fossilisation studies. These have shown that not all bacteria fossilise in the same way and, indeed, some seem to be very resistent to fossilisation. This paper deals with a transmission electron microscope investigation of the silicification of four species of bacteria commonly found in the environment. The Gram positiveBacillus laterosporusand its spore produced a robust, durable crust upon silicification, whereas the Gram negativePseudomonas fluorescens, Ps. vesicularis, andPs. acidovoranspresented delicately preserved walls. The greater amount of peptidoglycan, containing abundant metal cation binding sites, in the cell wall of the Gram positive bacterium, probably accounts for the difference in the mode of fossilisation. The Gram positive bacteria are, therefore, probably most likely to be preserved in the terrestrial and extraterrestrial rock record.

Structuring, Motions and Shapes of Corona Emission Line Profiles

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
N. F. Tyagun
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Filling Factor ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Coronal Plasma ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yellow Line ◽  
Red Line

AbstractThe interrelationship of half-widths and intensities for the red, green and yellow lines is considered. This is a direct relationship for the green and yellow line and an inverse one for the red line. The difference in the relationships of half-widths and intensities for different lines appears to be due to substantially dissimilar structuring and to a set of line-of-sight motions in ”hot“ and ”cold“ corona regions.When diagnosing the coronal plasma, one cannot neglect the filling factor - each line has such a factor of its own.

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