ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY VEHICLES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
Тарасова ◽  
E. Tarasova ◽  
Дорохин ◽  
S. Dorokhin
Keyword(s):  
Passive Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Side Collision

The article describes the basic elements of active and passive safety, as well as their impact on the consequences of road accidents. Shows the interaction of systems of active and passive safe- ty in the event of a frontal collision, side collision, rear impact, rollover

scholarly journals Modeling The Frontal Collison In Vehicles And Determining The Degree Of Injury On The Driver

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Oana Victoria Oţăt
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Safety Systems

Abstract The present research study aims at analysing the kinematic and the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle’s driver in a frontal collision. Hence, a subsequent objective of the research paper is to establish the degree of injury suffered by the driver. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives set, first, we had to define the type of the dummy placed in the position of the driver, and then to design the three-element assembly, i.e. the chair-steering wheel-dashboard assembly. Based on this model, the following step focused on the positioning of the dummy, which has also integrated the defining of the contacts between the components of the dummy and the seat elements. Seeking to model such a behaviour that would highly accurately reflect the driver’s movements in a frontal collision, passive safety systems have also been defined and simulated, namely the seatbelt and the frontal airbag.

scholarly journals Analysis of features of frontal collision of class D cars

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Vitalii Zozulia
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Front Passenger ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Null Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Class D ◽  
Atlanto Axial Joint

Currently, there is a significant increase in road accidents, which can be associated with an increase in the number of cars, the condition of roads in the country and compliance with road discipline by road users. Modern automotive industry pays great attention to road safety. This is ensured by changes in the design of car interiors, which significantly affects the nature of injuries to victims of road accidents. That is why the solution of this issue has become extremely relevant for forensic expert practice. Aim of the work. To establish the characteristic injuries of the driver and passenger in the cabin of class D cars in a frontal collision. Material and methods. The analysis of road accidents from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine is carried out. Cases of a fatal head-on collision with a driver and passenger in the front seat of a car with an engine capacity of 2-2.5 liters up to 4.7 meters long and 1.81 meters wide were considered. General and special methods used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. In addition, a forensic examination of the damage was conducted. Statistical analysis included primary data processing by descriptive statistics methods and null hypothesis testing by multifactor analysis. Results. A number of new features have been identified, which are inherent in the damage received in the cabin of a class D car, which can help to identify during the forensic examination. In particular, you should pay attention to the presence of neck injuries. According to the literature, injuries of the cervical spine are among the key and include: rupture of the atlanto-occipital ligament, dislocation and subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, damage to the spinal cord and its membranes. Conclusions: The location and morphological features of spinal injuries can be used as diagnostic criteria in determining the location of the victim in the cabin of a mobile car class D in a frontal collision. The most informative is the analysis of injuries of the cervical spine of the driver and front passenger.

scholarly journals Parameters Affecting the Specific Energy Absorption of Circular Side Impact Beam

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3399-3405
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Side Door ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Side Collision ◽  
The Impact

In vehicle design, safety of occupants is one of the most important criteria. During side collisions, space between vehicle body and occupants is very less as compared to frontal collision. Hence, scope for energy absorption due to deformation of vehicle body in side collisions is less. The strength of side door plays important role in the framework of vehicle side body. The strength of side doors during side collision depends upon the impact beam, vehicle construction, layout of doors etc. Among the mentioned parameters, strength of impact beam is a crucial parameter. The impact beam absorbs notable amount of impact energy by deforming during side collision. Design of side impact beam should be optimum as it is limited by weight of vehicle. Parameters like material, dimensions, shape and mountings of beam inside the door are affecting the strength of side impact beam. In this work parameters of circular cross-section impact beam like diameter of beam, thickness of beam and angle of mounting inside the door are studied. Finite element simulation of side impact beam is done in ABAQUS software and its relative effects on Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) capacity of beam is studied. The simulation results are validated with available literatures. The ANOVA analysis followed by Design of Experiments is used to determine contribution of each parameter on SEA. Further various parameters of circular impact beam are studied by examining the result analysis for crashworthiness of side door.

Design of Warning Delivery Strategies in Advanced Rider Assistance Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Valtolina ◽  
Sara Vanzi ◽  
Roberto Montanari ◽  
Luca Minin ◽  
Stefano Marzani
Keyword(s):  
Markov Models ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Delivery Strategy ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Assistance Systems

European statistics show that motorbikes road accidents are extremely high and the reduction of such accidents is one of the main concern for the European community. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems are safety electronic systems used to assist the driver in avoiding risks and road accidents, by means of warnings sent before the situation becomes critical. The use of such systems in motorcycle context is currently lacking due to numerous variables that it is necessary to consider for making sure the riding. This paper presents an innovative research for the safety improvement of Powered-Two-Wheelers (PTW) by means of the development of effective and rider-friendly interfaces and interaction elements for the on-bike assistance systems. In particular, the paper presents the experimental results on comfort and safety aspects of two advanced rider assistance systems: the Frontal Collision Warning (FCW) and the Lane Change Support (LCS). The study starts from analyzing results of motorcycle simulator tests performed in 3D Virtual Reality environments which aim is to find recursive rider’s behavior patterns in FCW and LCS situations according to different multimodal type of warnings (visual, audio and haptic). Afterward, the paper presents three different machine learning models, Hidden Markov Models, Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Networks, that have been considered for simulating the riders’ behavior patterns according to the reaction time needful for avoiding a front collision. These simulation behavior models enabled to design a warning delivery strategy for apprising the rider of possible dangerous situations due to front collisions. Finally, the paper describes how this warning delivery strategy has been implemented in a HMI (Human Machine Interface) installed on motorbikes. This HMI is thought to offer an effective FCW system based on an understandable but, at the same time, discreet and unobtrusive rider-friendly solution.

scholarly journals Safety as a key aspect in the creation of motor vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1(30)/2020) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Damian Kociemba
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Frontal Collisions

In this article, the authors attempt to define vehicle safety. They indicate selected elements of passive safety, which in their opinion contribute to a significant reduction in injury to those involved in various road accidents. The goal is to prove the following thesis: Safety is a key aspect of vehicle design. The results obtained during frontal collisions and presented by NHTSA in twelve reports are analysed. Six of these reports are from 1993-1997, the rest are from 2011-2016. In the final part of this work the authors indicate potential ways of developing safety in vehicles. Keywords: Vehicle safety, crumple zones, passive safety

scholarly journals THE USE OF BAYESIAN NETWORK IN ANALYSIS OF URBAN INTERSECTION CRASHES IN CHINA

Transport ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbao Zhao ◽  
Wei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Parameter Learning ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Side Collision

Traffic fatalities and injuries on urban roads especially at urban intersections constitute a growing problem in China. This study aims at researching urban intersection crashes in China and drawing conclusions by using hierarchical structured data with reference to Bayesian network (BN). On the basis of 3584 recorded crashes collected from the urban intersections of Changshu, China, a BN topological structure is developed to reflect the hierarchical characteristic of crash variables. The parameter learning process is completed with Dirichlet prior distribution. Junction tree engine is used to make inference on crash types at urban intersections with two respective given evidences, i.e. human factor and vehicle type. Parameter learning results suggest the efficacy of BN approach in the prediction accuracy. The average learned probability of illegal driving is 40.83%, which is much higher than other learned probabilities of human factors. The inferred probabilities of frontal collision at urban intersection crashes involving bicycles and electric bikes are 43.16% and 40.44% respectively, which is higher than the probabilities involving small cars and heavy vehicles. However, heavy vehicles have a higher inferred probability in side collision than light vehicles, whose inferred side collision probability is 41.02%. This study has a good potential in traffic safety discipline to reveal the correlation exists in traffic risk factors. By means of BN, researchers can make an intensive study on the hierarchical traffic crash data, determine the key risk factors and then propose corresponding and appropriate improvement measures.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of damages of drivers and passengers in cars of class D in a side impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3 (99)) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
V. Zozulya
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Front Passenger ◽  
Class D ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Side Collision ◽  
The Right

Aim of the study - to establish features of damage of the driver and the passenger in salon of the car of a class D at side collision. Material and methods. Cases of road accidents were analyzed from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine. Side impact (right and left) with the fatal outcome of the driver and front passenger of class D cars were considered in the case of an automobile injury. We used general scientific and special methods, namely system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. Additionally, a forensic examination of the damage was carried out. Statistical analysis included primary data processing using descriptive statistics and testing the null hypothesis by multivariate analysis.Results. We identified characteristics of damage to the driver and passenger in a side impact. They were different and characterized by dependence on the right or left side of the collision.Conclusions. The resulting set of injuries witch characterize a driver or passenger of class D cars in left and right impact can be used to identify them in a forensic medical examination.

Enhanced Brady-Tachy Heart Automotive (BT-Heartomotive) Device for Heart Rate Monitoring during Driving

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7599-7606
Author(s):  
M. A. H. Mohd Adib ◽  
N. H. M. Hasni
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Heart Rate Level ◽  
Main Components

Driving with brady-tachy syndrome is one of the main causes of car accidents. In order to prevent drivers from brady-tachy driving, there is a strong demand for driver monitoring systems. Other than problems in driving attitudes and skills, road accidents are also caused by uncontrollable factors such as medical conditions and drowsiness. These factors can be avoided by having early detection. Therefore, the brady-tachy heart automotive so-called BT-Heartomotive device is developed. This BT-Heartomotive device can detect early signs of drowsiness and health problems by measuring the heart rate of the drivers during driving. The device also could use the data to send an alert to the passengers that they’re in precaution. The device shows a good accuracy in the detection of the heart rate level. The device comprised three main components; wristband, monitor and integrated mobile applications. Heart rate measurement can reveal a lot about the physical conditions of an individual. The BT-Heartomotive device is simple, easy to use and automated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document